CWE-444
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Description
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Parents
Children
none
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-273 · CAPEC-33
CVEs mapped to this weakness (386)
page 12 of 20| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2022-32213 | Med | 0.39 | 6.5 | 0.42 | Jul 14, 2022 | The llhttp parser <v14.20.1, <v16.17.1 and <v18.9.1 in the http module in Node.js does not correctly parse and validate Transfer-Encoding headers and can lead to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS). | ||
| CVE-2019-17567 | Med | 0.39 | 5.3 | 0.60 | Jun 10, 2021 | Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.6 to 2.4.46 mod_proxy_wstunnel configured on an URL that is not necessarily Upgraded by the origin server was tunneling the whole connection regardless, thus allowing for subsequent requests on the same connection to pass through with no HTTP… | ||
| CVE-2020-28483 | Hig | 0.39 | 7.1 | 0.01 | Jan 20, 2021 | This affects all versions of package github.com/gin-gonic/gin. When gin is exposed directly to the internet, a client's IP can be spoofed by setting the X-Forwarded-For header. | ||
| CVE-2019-16792 | Hig | 0.39 | 7.1 | 0.02 | Jan 22, 2020 | Waitress through version 1.3.1 allows request smuggling by sending the Content-Length header twice. Waitress would header fold a double Content-Length header and due to being unable to cast the now comma separated value to an integer would set the Content-Length to 0 internally.… | ||
| CVE-2019-16789 | Hig | 0.39 | 7.1 | 0.03 | Dec 26, 2019 | In Waitress through version 1.4.0, if a proxy server is used in front of waitress, an invalid request may be sent by an attacker that bypasses the front-end and is parsed differently by waitress leading to a potential for HTTP request smuggling. Specially crafted requests… | ||
| CVE-2019-16786 | Hig | 0.39 | 7.1 | 0.03 | Dec 20, 2019 | Waitress through version 1.3.1 would parse the Transfer-Encoding header and only look for a single string value, if that value was not chunked it would fall through and use the Content-Length header instead. According to the HTTP standard Transfer-Encoding should be a comma… | ||
| CVE-2019-16785 | Hig | 0.39 | 7.1 | 0.03 | Dec 20, 2019 | Waitress through version 1.3.1 implemented a "MAY" part of the RFC7230 which states: "Although the line terminator for the start-line and header fields is the sequence CRLF, a recipient MAY recognize a single LF as a line terminator and ignore any preceding CR." Unfortunately if… | ||
| CVE-2026-73494 | hig | 0.38 | — | — | Jul 24, 2026 | ### Summary Five independent HTTP/1.1 conformance laxities in blaze's hand-written Java parser (`http/src/main/java/org/http4s/blaze/http/parser/`) cause request-boundary disagreement with a stricter intermediary. All are reachable from a default `BlazeServerBuilder` with no… | ||
| CVE-2025-55018 | Med | 0.38 | 5.8 | 0.00 | Feb 10, 2026 | An inconsistent interpretation of http requests ('http request smuggling') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.9, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4.3 through 6.4.16 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to smuggle an… | ||
| CVE-2024-34535 | Med | 0.38 | 5.9 | 0.00 | Oct 3, 2024 | In Mastodon 4.1.6, API endpoint rate limiting can be bypassed by setting a crafted HTTP request header. | ||
| CVE-2024-22279 | Med | 0.38 | 5.9 | 0.00 | Jun 10, 2024 | Improper handling of requests in Routing Release > v0.273.0 and <= v0.297.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to degrade the service availability of the Cloud Foundry deployment if performed at scale. | ||
| CVE-2020-28473 | Med | 0.37 | 6.8 | 0.02 | Jan 18, 2021 | The package bottle from 0 and before 0.12.19 are vulnerable to Web Cache Poisoning by using a vector called parameter cloaking. When the attacker can separate query parameters using a semicolon (;), they can cause a difference in the interpretation of the request between the… | ||
| CVE-2026-58047 | Med | 0.36 | — | 0.01 | Jul 31, 2026 | HTTP Smuggling in cPanel allows potential leak of credentials. | ||
| CVE-2026-67181 | Med | 0.35 | 5.4 | 0.00 | Jul 28, 2026 | Rouille 0.3.3 through 3.6.2 contains an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability that allows remote attackers to desynchronize HTTP message boundaries by exploiting improper header forwarding in the proxy implementation. The proxy in src/proxy.rs forwards the client's… | ||
| CVE-2026-66752 | Med | 0.35 | 5.4 | 0.00 | Jul 28, 2026 | tiny-http through 0.12.0 contains an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability that allows remote attackers to desynchronize request framing by sending a Transfer-Encoding header with any value, including non-chunked codings, which causes the library to unconditionally apply… | ||
| CVE-2026-66338 | Med | 0.35 | 5.4 | 0.00 | Jul 24, 2026 | A flaw was found in libsoup. The chunked transfer encoding parser uses a permissive parsing function for chunk sizes that silently accepts inputs violating RFC 9112, including leading whitespace, plus sign prefixes, and trailing invalid characters. When libsoup operates behind a… | ||
| CVE-2026-48710 | Med | 0.35 | 6.5 | 0.02 | May 26, 2026 | Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit. Prior to version 1.0.1, the HTTP `Host` request header was not validated before being used to reconstruct `request.url`. Because the routing algorithm relies on the raw HTTP path while `request.url` is rebuilt from the `Host`… | ||
| CVE-2026-29057 | Med | 0.35 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Mar 18, 2026 | Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. Starting in version 9.5.0 and prior to versions 15.5.13 and 16.1.7, when Next.js rewrites proxy traffic to an external backend, a crafted `DELETE`/`OPTIONS` request using `Transfer-Encoding: chunked` could… | ||
| CVE-2026-32240 | Med | 0.35 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Mar 12, 2026 | Cap'n Proto is a data interchange format and capability-based RPC system. Prior to 1.4.0, when using Transfer-Encoding: chunked, if a chunk's size parsed to a value of 2^64 or larger, it would be truncated to a 64-bit integer. In theory, this bug could enable HTTP… | ||
| CVE-2026-32239 | Med | 0.35 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Mar 12, 2026 | Cap'n Proto is a data interchange format and capability-based RPC system. Prior to 1.4.0, a negative Content-Length value was converted to unsigned, treating it as an impossibly large length instead. In theory, this bug could enable HTTP request/response smuggling. This… |
- risk 0.39cvss 6.5epss 0.42
The llhttp parser <v14.20.1, <v16.17.1 and <v18.9.1 in the http module in Node.js does not correctly parse and validate Transfer-Encoding headers and can lead to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS).
- risk 0.39cvss 5.3epss 0.60
Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.6 to 2.4.46 mod_proxy_wstunnel configured on an URL that is not necessarily Upgraded by the origin server was tunneling the whole connection regardless, thus allowing for subsequent requests on the same connection to pass through with no HTTP…
- risk 0.39cvss 7.1epss 0.01
This affects all versions of package github.com/gin-gonic/gin. When gin is exposed directly to the internet, a client's IP can be spoofed by setting the X-Forwarded-For header.
- risk 0.39cvss 7.1epss 0.02
Waitress through version 1.3.1 allows request smuggling by sending the Content-Length header twice. Waitress would header fold a double Content-Length header and due to being unable to cast the now comma separated value to an integer would set the Content-Length to 0 internally.…
- risk 0.39cvss 7.1epss 0.03
In Waitress through version 1.4.0, if a proxy server is used in front of waitress, an invalid request may be sent by an attacker that bypasses the front-end and is parsed differently by waitress leading to a potential for HTTP request smuggling. Specially crafted requests…
- risk 0.39cvss 7.1epss 0.03
Waitress through version 1.3.1 would parse the Transfer-Encoding header and only look for a single string value, if that value was not chunked it would fall through and use the Content-Length header instead. According to the HTTP standard Transfer-Encoding should be a comma…
- risk 0.39cvss 7.1epss 0.03
Waitress through version 1.3.1 implemented a "MAY" part of the RFC7230 which states: "Although the line terminator for the start-line and header fields is the sequence CRLF, a recipient MAY recognize a single LF as a line terminator and ignore any preceding CR." Unfortunately if…
- risk 0.38cvss —epss —
### Summary Five independent HTTP/1.1 conformance laxities in blaze's hand-written Java parser (`http/src/main/java/org/http4s/blaze/http/parser/`) cause request-boundary disagreement with a stricter intermediary. All are reachable from a default `BlazeServerBuilder` with no…
- risk 0.38cvss 5.8epss 0.00
An inconsistent interpretation of http requests ('http request smuggling') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.9, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4.3 through 6.4.16 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to smuggle an…
- risk 0.38cvss 5.9epss 0.00
In Mastodon 4.1.6, API endpoint rate limiting can be bypassed by setting a crafted HTTP request header.
- risk 0.38cvss 5.9epss 0.00
Improper handling of requests in Routing Release > v0.273.0 and <= v0.297.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to degrade the service availability of the Cloud Foundry deployment if performed at scale.
- risk 0.37cvss 6.8epss 0.02
The package bottle from 0 and before 0.12.19 are vulnerable to Web Cache Poisoning by using a vector called parameter cloaking. When the attacker can separate query parameters using a semicolon (;), they can cause a difference in the interpretation of the request between the…
- risk 0.36cvss —epss 0.01
HTTP Smuggling in cPanel allows potential leak of credentials.
- risk 0.35cvss 5.4epss 0.00
Rouille 0.3.3 through 3.6.2 contains an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability that allows remote attackers to desynchronize HTTP message boundaries by exploiting improper header forwarding in the proxy implementation. The proxy in src/proxy.rs forwards the client's…
- risk 0.35cvss 5.4epss 0.00
tiny-http through 0.12.0 contains an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability that allows remote attackers to desynchronize request framing by sending a Transfer-Encoding header with any value, including non-chunked codings, which causes the library to unconditionally apply…
- risk 0.35cvss 5.4epss 0.00
A flaw was found in libsoup. The chunked transfer encoding parser uses a permissive parsing function for chunk sizes that silently accepts inputs violating RFC 9112, including leading whitespace, plus sign prefixes, and trailing invalid characters. When libsoup operates behind a…
- risk 0.35cvss 6.5epss 0.02
Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit. Prior to version 1.0.1, the HTTP `Host` request header was not validated before being used to reconstruct `request.url`. Because the routing algorithm relies on the raw HTTP path while `request.url` is rebuilt from the `Host`…
- risk 0.35cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. Starting in version 9.5.0 and prior to versions 15.5.13 and 16.1.7, when Next.js rewrites proxy traffic to an external backend, a crafted `DELETE`/`OPTIONS` request using `Transfer-Encoding: chunked` could…
- risk 0.35cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Cap'n Proto is a data interchange format and capability-based RPC system. Prior to 1.4.0, when using Transfer-Encoding: chunked, if a chunk's size parsed to a value of 2^64 or larger, it would be truncated to a 64-bit integer. In theory, this bug could enable HTTP…
- risk 0.35cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Cap'n Proto is a data interchange format and capability-based RPC system. Prior to 1.4.0, a negative Content-Length value was converted to unsigned, treating it as an impossibly large length instead. In theory, this bug could enable HTTP request/response smuggling. This…