CWE-444
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Description
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Parents
Children
none
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-273 · CAPEC-33
CVEs mapped to this weakness (428)
page 13 of 22| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2023-4639 | Hig | 0.41 | 7.4 | 0.01 | Nov 17, 2024 | A flaw was found in Undertow, which incorrectly parses cookies with certain value-delimiting characters in incoming requests. This issue could allow an attacker to construct a cookie value to exfiltrate HttpOnly cookie values or spoof arbitrary additional cookie values, leading… | ||
| CVE-2024-32638 | Med | 0.41 | 6.3 | 0.01 | May 2, 2024 | Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling') vulnerability in Apache APISIX when using `forward-auth` plugin.This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 3.8.0, 3.9.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.8.1, 3.9.1 or higher, which fixes the… | ||
| CVE-2023-40175 | Hig | 0.41 | 7.3 | 0.01 | Aug 18, 2023 | Puma is a Ruby/Rack web server built for parallelism. Prior to versions 6.3.1 and 5.6.7, puma exhibited incorrect behavior when parsing chunked transfer encoding bodies and zero-length Content-Length headers in a way that allowed HTTP request smuggling. Severity of this issue is… | ||
| CVE-2026-72587 | Med | 0.40 | 6.1 | 0.00 | Aug 10, 2026 | A cache poisoning vulnerability in CoreBunch/Instatic through 0.0.14 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to poison the shared process-wide render cache by manipulating the u query parameter of the GET /_instatic/hole/ server island endpoint. | ||
| CVE-2022-38114 | Med | 0.40 | 6.1 | 0.01 | Nov 23, 2022 | This vulnerability occurs when a web server fails to correctly process the Content-Length of POST requests. This can lead to HTTP request smuggling or XSS. | ||
| CVE-2022-31109 | Hig | 0.40 | 7.2 | 0.01 | Aug 1, 2022 | laminas-diactoros is a PHP package containing implementations of the PSR-7 HTTP message interfaces and PSR-17 HTTP message factory interfaces. Applications that use Diactoros, and are either not behind a proxy, or can be accessed via untrusted proxies, can potentially have the… | ||
| CVE-2018-7068 | Med | 0.40 | 6.1 | 0.01 | Aug 6, 2018 | HPE has identified a remote HOST header attack vulnerability in HPE CentralView Fraud Risk Management earlier than version CV 6.1. This issue is resolved in HF16 for HPE CV 6.1 or subsequent version. | ||
| CVE-2017-7559 | Med | 0.40 | 6.1 | 0.02 | Jan 10, 2018 | In Undertow 2.x before 2.0.0.Alpha2, 1.4.x before 1.4.17.Final, and 1.3.x before 1.3.31.Final, it was found that the fix for CVE-2017-2666 was incomplete and invalid characters are still allowed in the query string and path parameters. This could be exploited, in conjunction… | ||
| CVE-2023-51747 | Hig | 0.39 | 7.1 | 0.01 | Feb 27, 2024 | Apache James prior to versions 3.8.1 and 3.7.5 is vulnerable to SMTP smuggling. A lenient behaviour in line delimiter handling might create a difference of interpretation between the sender and the receiver which can be exploited by an attacker to forge an SMTP envelop,… | ||
| CVE-2022-21826 | Med | 0.39 | 5.4 | 0.45 | Sep 30, 2022 | Pulse Secure version 9.115 and below may be susceptible to client-side http request smuggling, When the application receives a POST request, it ignores the request's Content-Length header and leaves the POST body on the TCP/TLS socket. This body ends up prefixing the next HTTP… | ||
| CVE-2022-32213 | Med | 0.39 | 6.5 | 0.44 | Jul 14, 2022 | The llhttp parser <v14.20.1, <v16.17.1 and <v18.9.1 in the http module in Node.js does not correctly parse and validate Transfer-Encoding headers and can lead to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS). | ||
| CVE-2019-17567 | Med | 0.39 | 5.3 | 0.60 | Jun 10, 2021 | Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.6 to 2.4.46 mod_proxy_wstunnel configured on an URL that is not necessarily Upgraded by the origin server was tunneling the whole connection regardless, thus allowing for subsequent requests on the same connection to pass through with no HTTP… | ||
| CVE-2020-28483 | Hig | 0.39 | 7.1 | 0.01 | Jan 20, 2021 | This affects all versions of package github.com/gin-gonic/gin. When gin is exposed directly to the internet, a client's IP can be spoofed by setting the X-Forwarded-For header. | ||
| CVE-2019-16792 | Hig | 0.39 | 7.1 | 0.02 | Jan 22, 2020 | Waitress through version 1.3.1 allows request smuggling by sending the Content-Length header twice. Waitress would header fold a double Content-Length header and due to being unable to cast the now comma separated value to an integer would set the Content-Length to 0 internally.… | ||
| CVE-2019-16789 | Hig | 0.39 | 7.1 | 0.03 | Dec 26, 2019 | In Waitress through version 1.4.0, if a proxy server is used in front of waitress, an invalid request may be sent by an attacker that bypasses the front-end and is parsed differently by waitress leading to a potential for HTTP request smuggling. Specially crafted requests… | ||
| CVE-2019-16786 | Hig | 0.39 | 7.1 | 0.02 | Dec 20, 2019 | Waitress through version 1.3.1 would parse the Transfer-Encoding header and only look for a single string value, if that value was not chunked it would fall through and use the Content-Length header instead. According to the HTTP standard Transfer-Encoding should be a comma… | ||
| CVE-2019-16785 | Hig | 0.39 | 7.1 | 0.03 | Dec 20, 2019 | Waitress through version 1.3.1 implemented a "MAY" part of the RFC7230 which states: "Although the line terminator for the start-line and header fields is the sequence CRLF, a recipient MAY recognize a single LF as a line terminator and ignore any preceding CR." Unfortunately if… | ||
| CVE-2025-55018 | Med | 0.38 | 5.8 | 0.00 | Feb 10, 2026 | An inconsistent interpretation of http requests ('http request smuggling') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.9, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4.3 through 6.4.16 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to smuggle an… | ||
| CVE-2024-34535 | Med | 0.38 | 5.9 | 0.00 | Oct 3, 2024 | In Mastodon 4.1.6, API endpoint rate limiting can be bypassed by setting a crafted HTTP request header. | ||
| CVE-2024-22279 | Med | 0.38 | 5.9 | 0.00 | Jun 10, 2024 | Improper handling of requests in Routing Release > v0.273.0 and <= v0.297.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to degrade the service availability of the Cloud Foundry deployment if performed at scale. |
- risk 0.41cvss 7.4epss 0.01
A flaw was found in Undertow, which incorrectly parses cookies with certain value-delimiting characters in incoming requests. This issue could allow an attacker to construct a cookie value to exfiltrate HttpOnly cookie values or spoof arbitrary additional cookie values, leading…
- risk 0.41cvss 6.3epss 0.01
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling') vulnerability in Apache APISIX when using `forward-auth` plugin.This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 3.8.0, 3.9.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.8.1, 3.9.1 or higher, which fixes the…
- risk 0.41cvss 7.3epss 0.01
Puma is a Ruby/Rack web server built for parallelism. Prior to versions 6.3.1 and 5.6.7, puma exhibited incorrect behavior when parsing chunked transfer encoding bodies and zero-length Content-Length headers in a way that allowed HTTP request smuggling. Severity of this issue is…
- risk 0.40cvss 6.1epss 0.00
A cache poisoning vulnerability in CoreBunch/Instatic through 0.0.14 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to poison the shared process-wide render cache by manipulating the u query parameter of the GET /_instatic/hole/ server island endpoint.
- risk 0.40cvss 6.1epss 0.01
This vulnerability occurs when a web server fails to correctly process the Content-Length of POST requests. This can lead to HTTP request smuggling or XSS.
- risk 0.40cvss 7.2epss 0.01
laminas-diactoros is a PHP package containing implementations of the PSR-7 HTTP message interfaces and PSR-17 HTTP message factory interfaces. Applications that use Diactoros, and are either not behind a proxy, or can be accessed via untrusted proxies, can potentially have the…
- risk 0.40cvss 6.1epss 0.01
HPE has identified a remote HOST header attack vulnerability in HPE CentralView Fraud Risk Management earlier than version CV 6.1. This issue is resolved in HF16 for HPE CV 6.1 or subsequent version.
- risk 0.40cvss 6.1epss 0.02
In Undertow 2.x before 2.0.0.Alpha2, 1.4.x before 1.4.17.Final, and 1.3.x before 1.3.31.Final, it was found that the fix for CVE-2017-2666 was incomplete and invalid characters are still allowed in the query string and path parameters. This could be exploited, in conjunction…
- risk 0.39cvss 7.1epss 0.01
Apache James prior to versions 3.8.1 and 3.7.5 is vulnerable to SMTP smuggling. A lenient behaviour in line delimiter handling might create a difference of interpretation between the sender and the receiver which can be exploited by an attacker to forge an SMTP envelop,…
- risk 0.39cvss 5.4epss 0.45
Pulse Secure version 9.115 and below may be susceptible to client-side http request smuggling, When the application receives a POST request, it ignores the request's Content-Length header and leaves the POST body on the TCP/TLS socket. This body ends up prefixing the next HTTP…
- risk 0.39cvss 6.5epss 0.44
The llhttp parser <v14.20.1, <v16.17.1 and <v18.9.1 in the http module in Node.js does not correctly parse and validate Transfer-Encoding headers and can lead to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS).
- risk 0.39cvss 5.3epss 0.60
Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.6 to 2.4.46 mod_proxy_wstunnel configured on an URL that is not necessarily Upgraded by the origin server was tunneling the whole connection regardless, thus allowing for subsequent requests on the same connection to pass through with no HTTP…
- risk 0.39cvss 7.1epss 0.01
This affects all versions of package github.com/gin-gonic/gin. When gin is exposed directly to the internet, a client's IP can be spoofed by setting the X-Forwarded-For header.
- risk 0.39cvss 7.1epss 0.02
Waitress through version 1.3.1 allows request smuggling by sending the Content-Length header twice. Waitress would header fold a double Content-Length header and due to being unable to cast the now comma separated value to an integer would set the Content-Length to 0 internally.…
- risk 0.39cvss 7.1epss 0.03
In Waitress through version 1.4.0, if a proxy server is used in front of waitress, an invalid request may be sent by an attacker that bypasses the front-end and is parsed differently by waitress leading to a potential for HTTP request smuggling. Specially crafted requests…
- risk 0.39cvss 7.1epss 0.02
Waitress through version 1.3.1 would parse the Transfer-Encoding header and only look for a single string value, if that value was not chunked it would fall through and use the Content-Length header instead. According to the HTTP standard Transfer-Encoding should be a comma…
- risk 0.39cvss 7.1epss 0.03
Waitress through version 1.3.1 implemented a "MAY" part of the RFC7230 which states: "Although the line terminator for the start-line and header fields is the sequence CRLF, a recipient MAY recognize a single LF as a line terminator and ignore any preceding CR." Unfortunately if…
- risk 0.38cvss 5.8epss 0.00
An inconsistent interpretation of http requests ('http request smuggling') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.9, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4.3 through 6.4.16 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to smuggle an…
- risk 0.38cvss 5.9epss 0.00
In Mastodon 4.1.6, API endpoint rate limiting can be bypassed by setting a crafted HTTP request header.
- risk 0.38cvss 5.9epss 0.00
Improper handling of requests in Routing Release > v0.273.0 and <= v0.297.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to degrade the service availability of the Cloud Foundry deployment if performed at scale.