CWE-441
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Description
The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. This causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-219 · CAPEC-465
CVEs mapped to this weakness (121)
page 4 of 7| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-23217 | Hig | 0.46 | — | 0.01 | Feb 6, 2025 | mitmproxy is a interactive TLS-capable intercepting HTTP proxy for penetration testers and software developers and mitmweb is a web-based interface for mitmproxy. In mitmweb 11.1.1 and below, a malicious client can use mitmweb's proxy server (bound to `*:8080` by default) to… | ||
| CVE-2026-54628 | hig | 0.45 | — | — | Jul 14, 2026 | ## Summary Anyquery's `server` mode does not restrict outbound HTTP requests initiated by its built-in SQLite virtual table modules (e.g., `json_reader`, `log_reader`). Unauthenticated attackers connecting to the MySQL-compatible server port can create virtual tables pointing to… | ||
| CVE-2026-53931 | Med | 0.45 | — | 0.00 | Jun 23, 2026 | NocoDB is software for building databases as spreadsheets. Prior to 2026.05.1, the spreadsheet-import endpoint axiosRequestMake could be used as a generic HTTP proxy. Before the fix it was reachable unauthenticated, and its URL-extension allowlist was a regex tested against the… | ||
| CVE-2026-55225 | imp | 0.45 | 8.0 | — | Jun 17, 2026 | strimzi-cluster-operator: Cross-namespace privilege escalation via Kafka.spec.entityOperator.watchedNamespace in Strimzi | ||
| CVE-2018-12182 | Med | 0.44 | 6.7 | 0.00 | Mar 27, 2019 | Insufficient memory write check in SMM service for EDK II may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege, information disclosure and/or denial of service via local access. | ||
| CVE-2026-53514 | Hig | 0.43 | 7.7 | 0.00 | Jul 15, 2026 | Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. Prior to 1.6.11, and in 1.6.14 and later when invitation IDs can be obtained outside the invited mailbox and requireEmailVerificationOnInvitation: true is not enabled, the organization plugin's… | ||
| CVE-2026-49821 | Hig | 0.43 | 7.7 | 0.00 | Jun 10, 2026 | Fission is an open-source, Kubernetes-native serverless framework that simplifies the deployment of functions and applications on Kubernetes. Prior to version 1.24.0, Fission's buildermgr controller processed Package CRDs without verifying that Package.spec.environment.namespace… | ||
| CVE-2025-48598 | Med | 0.43 | 6.6 | 0.00 | Dec 8, 2025 | In multiple locations, there is a possible way to alter the primary user's face unlock settings due to a confused deputy. This could lead to physical escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. | ||
| CVE-2020-5412 | Med | 0.43 | 6.5 | 0.10 | Aug 7, 2020 | Spring Cloud Netflix, versions 2.2.x prior to 2.2.4, versions 2.1.x prior to 2.1.6, and older unsupported versions allow applications to use the Hystrix Dashboard proxy.stream endpoint to make requests to any server reachable by the server hosting the dashboard. A malicious… | ||
| CVE-2019-3996 | Med | 0.43 | 6.5 | 0.06 | Dec 17, 2019 | ELOG 3.1.4-57bea22 and below can be used as an HTTP GET request proxy when unauthenticated remote attackers send crafted HTTP POST requests. | ||
| CVE-2026-16456 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Aug 10, 2026 | A flaw was found in the `odh-model-controller`. An authenticated user with permissions to create custom resources can exploit a vulnerability in the `loadSecret` function. This function improperly reads the Secret namespace from user-controlled input without validation. This… | ||
| CVE-2026-44964 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Aug 7, 2026 | In versions of the Datadog Android application prior to v545-5.9.2, OnCallNotificationActivity is declared exported with no permission guard. A co-installed application can launch it with attacker-controlled Intent extras, including a full-screen lock-screen message, an… | ||
| CVE-2026-13062 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Jul 22, 2026 | An authenticated user with write privileges on a Queryable Encryption-enabled collection may be able to modify internal encryption metadata fields that are intended to be server-controlled, by sending crafted write commands through the mongos router on a sharded cluster. This… | ||
| CVE-2026-46592 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Jul 6, 2026 | Improper Input Validation, Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') vulnerability in Apache Camel CXF SOAP component. The camel-cxf producer selects which SOAP operation to invoke on the backend service from the operationName (and operationNamespace) Exchange… | ||
| CVE-2019-1841 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.03 | Apr 18, 2019 | A vulnerability in the Software Image Management feature of Cisco DNA Center could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to access to internal services without additional authentication. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input. An attacker… | ||
| CVE-2023-33188 | Med | 0.41 | 6.3 | 0.00 | May 27, 2023 | Omni-notes is an open source note-taking application for Android. The Omni-notes Android app had an insufficient path validation vulnerability when displaying the details of a note received through an externally-provided intent. The paths of the note's attachments were not… | ||
| CVE-2026-42043 | Hig | 0.40 | 7.2 | 0.01 | Apr 24, 2026 | Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 1.15.1 and 0.31.1, an attacker who can influence the target URL of an Axios request can use any address in the 127.0.0.0/8 range (other than 127.0.0.1) to completely bypass the NO_PROXY protection. This… | ||
| CVE-2026-53999 | hig | 0.39 | — | 0.00 | Jun 12, 2026 | # Radius Controller May Delete a Container Resource via an Injected Deployment Annotation (Multi-Tenant Installs) ## Summary A configuration-validation issue in the Radius Kubernetes controller can cause it to issue a `DELETE` for the container resource referenced by a… | ||
| CVE-2026-3160 | Med | 0.38 | 5.8 | 0.00 | May 14, 2026 | GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 13.7 before 18.9.7, 18.10 before 18.10.6, and 18.11 before 18.11.3 that could have allowed an authenticated user to view Jira issues outside the configured project scope due to an integration filter… | ||
| CVE-2025-25061 | — | Med | 0.38 | 5.8 | 0.00 | Apr 4, 2025 | Unintended proxy or intermediary ('Confused Deputy') issue exists in HMI ViewJet C-more series and HMI GC-A2 series, which may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to use the product as an intermediary for FTP bounce attack. |
- risk 0.46cvss —epss 0.01
mitmproxy is a interactive TLS-capable intercepting HTTP proxy for penetration testers and software developers and mitmweb is a web-based interface for mitmproxy. In mitmweb 11.1.1 and below, a malicious client can use mitmweb's proxy server (bound to `*:8080` by default) to…
- risk 0.45cvss —epss —
## Summary Anyquery's `server` mode does not restrict outbound HTTP requests initiated by its built-in SQLite virtual table modules (e.g., `json_reader`, `log_reader`). Unauthenticated attackers connecting to the MySQL-compatible server port can create virtual tables pointing to…
- risk 0.45cvss —epss 0.00
NocoDB is software for building databases as spreadsheets. Prior to 2026.05.1, the spreadsheet-import endpoint axiosRequestMake could be used as a generic HTTP proxy. Before the fix it was reachable unauthenticated, and its URL-extension allowlist was a regex tested against the…
- risk 0.45cvss 8.0epss —
strimzi-cluster-operator: Cross-namespace privilege escalation via Kafka.spec.entityOperator.watchedNamespace in Strimzi
- risk 0.44cvss 6.7epss 0.00
Insufficient memory write check in SMM service for EDK II may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege, information disclosure and/or denial of service via local access.
- risk 0.43cvss 7.7epss 0.00
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. Prior to 1.6.11, and in 1.6.14 and later when invitation IDs can be obtained outside the invited mailbox and requireEmailVerificationOnInvitation: true is not enabled, the organization plugin's…
- risk 0.43cvss 7.7epss 0.00
Fission is an open-source, Kubernetes-native serverless framework that simplifies the deployment of functions and applications on Kubernetes. Prior to version 1.24.0, Fission's buildermgr controller processed Package CRDs without verifying that Package.spec.environment.namespace…
- risk 0.43cvss 6.6epss 0.00
In multiple locations, there is a possible way to alter the primary user's face unlock settings due to a confused deputy. This could lead to physical escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
- risk 0.43cvss 6.5epss 0.10
Spring Cloud Netflix, versions 2.2.x prior to 2.2.4, versions 2.1.x prior to 2.1.6, and older unsupported versions allow applications to use the Hystrix Dashboard proxy.stream endpoint to make requests to any server reachable by the server hosting the dashboard. A malicious…
- risk 0.43cvss 6.5epss 0.06
ELOG 3.1.4-57bea22 and below can be used as an HTTP GET request proxy when unauthenticated remote attackers send crafted HTTP POST requests.
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
A flaw was found in the `odh-model-controller`. An authenticated user with permissions to create custom resources can exploit a vulnerability in the `loadSecret` function. This function improperly reads the Secret namespace from user-controlled input without validation. This…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
In versions of the Datadog Android application prior to v545-5.9.2, OnCallNotificationActivity is declared exported with no permission guard. A co-installed application can launch it with attacker-controlled Intent extras, including a full-screen lock-screen message, an…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
An authenticated user with write privileges on a Queryable Encryption-enabled collection may be able to modify internal encryption metadata fields that are intended to be server-controlled, by sending crafted write commands through the mongos router on a sharded cluster. This…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
Improper Input Validation, Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') vulnerability in Apache Camel CXF SOAP component. The camel-cxf producer selects which SOAP operation to invoke on the backend service from the operationName (and operationNamespace) Exchange…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.03
A vulnerability in the Software Image Management feature of Cisco DNA Center could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to access to internal services without additional authentication. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input. An attacker…
- risk 0.41cvss 6.3epss 0.00
Omni-notes is an open source note-taking application for Android. The Omni-notes Android app had an insufficient path validation vulnerability when displaying the details of a note received through an externally-provided intent. The paths of the note's attachments were not…
- risk 0.40cvss 7.2epss 0.01
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 1.15.1 and 0.31.1, an attacker who can influence the target URL of an Axios request can use any address in the 127.0.0.0/8 range (other than 127.0.0.1) to completely bypass the NO_PROXY protection. This…
- risk 0.39cvss —epss 0.00
# Radius Controller May Delete a Container Resource via an Injected Deployment Annotation (Multi-Tenant Installs) ## Summary A configuration-validation issue in the Radius Kubernetes controller can cause it to issue a `DELETE` for the container resource referenced by a…
- risk 0.38cvss 5.8epss 0.00
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 13.7 before 18.9.7, 18.10 before 18.10.6, and 18.11 before 18.11.3 that could have allowed an authenticated user to view Jira issues outside the configured project scope due to an integration filter…
- risk 0.38cvss 5.8epss 0.00
Unintended proxy or intermediary ('Confused Deputy') issue exists in HMI ViewJet C-more series and HMI GC-A2 series, which may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to use the product as an intermediary for FTP bounce attack.