VYPR

CWE-441

Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')

ClassDraft

Description

The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. This causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.

Hierarchy (View 1000)

Parents

Related attack patterns (CAPEC)

CAPEC-219 · CAPEC-465

CVEs mapped to this weakness (121)

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  • CVE-2026-17107HigJul 24, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.5epss 0.00

    A flaw was found in the cluster-proxy service-proxy component used in Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes (RHACM) and multicluster-engine (MCE). The service-proxy appends impersonation group headers to proxied requests without first removing caller-supplied…

  • CVE-2026-53513CriJul 15, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 9.6epss 0.00

    Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. Prior to 1.6.11, the @better-auth/sso plugin's POST /sso/register and POST /sso/update-provider endpoints accept attacker-controlled oidcConfig.userInfoEndpoint, tokenEndpoint, and jwksEndpoint URLs when…

  • CVE-2026-0107HigMar 10, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00

    In gmc_ddr_handle_mba_mr_req of gmc_mba_ddr.c, there is a possible escalation of privileges due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2026-0021HigMar 2, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00

    In hasInteractAcrossUsersFullPermission of AppInfoBase.java, there is a possible cross-user permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for…

  • CVE-2026-0013HigMar 2, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00

    In setupLayout of PickActivity.java, there is a possible way to start any activity as a DocumentsUI app due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2026-0008HigMar 2, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00

    In multiple locations, there is a possible privilege escalation due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2025-48579HigMar 2, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00

    In multiple functions of MediaProvider.java, there is a possible external storage write permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2026-42313HigMay 11, 2026
    risk 0.54cvss 8.3epss 0.00

    pyLoad is a free and open-source download manager written in Python. Prior to 0.5.0b3.dev100, the set_config_value() API method (@permission(Perms.SETTINGS)) in src/pyload/core/api/__init__.py gates security-sensitive options behind a hand-maintained allowlist…

  • CVE-2019-3924HigFeb 20, 2019
    risk 0.53cvss 7.5epss 0.16

    MikroTik RouterOS before 6.43.12 (stable) and 6.42.12 (long-term) is vulnerable to an intermediary vulnerability. The software will execute user defined network requests to both WAN and LAN clients. A remote unauthenticated attacker can use this vulnerability to bypass the…

  • CVE-2026-7381CriApr 29, 2026
    risk 0.52cvss 9.1epss 0.00

    Plack::Middleware::XSendfile versions through 1.0053 for Perl can allow client-controlled path rewriting. Plack::Middleware::XSendfile allows the variation setting (sendfile type) to be set by the client via the X-Sendfile-Type header, if it is not considered in the middleware…

  • CVE-2026-0098HigJun 1, 2026
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In getCallingPackageName of Shared.java, there is a possible way to bypass activity start restrictions due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2025-48570HigJun 1, 2026
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In multiple functions of PipTaskOrganizer.java, there is a possible way to launch an activity from the background due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for…

  • CVE-2025-48646HigMar 2, 2026
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In executeRequest of ActivityStarter.java, there is a possible launch anywhere due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2025-48628HigDec 8, 2025
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In validateIconUserBoundary of PrintManagerService.java, there is a possible cross-user image leak due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2025-48586HigDec 8, 2025
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In onActivityResult of EditFdnContactScreen.java, there is a possible way to leak contacts from the work profile due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for…

  • CVE-2025-48555HigDec 8, 2025
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In multiple functions of NotificationStation.java, there is a possible cross-profile information disclosure due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2025-48536HigDec 8, 2025
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In grantAllowlistedPackagePermissions of SettingsSliceProvider.java, there is a possible way for a third party app to modify secure settings due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User…

  • CVE-2025-22420HigDec 8, 2025
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In multiple locations, there is a possible way to leak audio files across user profiles due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2025-32320HigSep 5, 2025
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In System UI, there is a possible way to view other users' images due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2025-32346HigSep 4, 2025
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In onActivityResult of VoicemailSettingsActivity.java, there is a possible work profile contact number leak due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.