CWE-441
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Description
The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. This causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-219 · CAPEC-465
CVEs mapped to this weakness (165)
page 2 of 9| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-11393 | Hig | 0.57 | 8.7 | 0.00 | Dec 15, 2025 | A flaw was found in runtimes-inventory-rhel8-operator. An internal proxy component is incorrectly configured. Because of this flaw, the proxy attaches the cluster's main administrative credentials to any command it receives, instead of only the specific reports it is supposed to… | ||
| CVE-2022-39361 | Hig | 0.57 | 8.8 | 0.01 | Oct 26, 2022 | Metabase is data visualization software. Prior to versions 0.44.5, 1.44.5, 0.43.7, 1.43.7, 0.42.6, 1.42.6, 0.41.9, and 1.41.9, H2 (Sample Database) could allow Remote Code Execution (RCE), which can be abused by users able to write SQL queries on H2 databases. This issue is… | ||
| CVE-2024-30128 | Hig | 0.56 | 8.6 | 0.00 | Sep 25, 2024 | HCL Nomad server on Domino is affected by an open proxy vulnerability in which an unauthenticated attacker can mask their original source IP address. This may enable an attacker to trick the user into exposing sensitive information. | ||
| CVE-2026-56986 | Hig | 0.55 | 8.4 | 0.00 | Sep 15, 2026 | In multiple files, there is a possible out-of-bounds read due to type confusion. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. | ||
| CVE-2026-56985 | Hig | 0.55 | 8.4 | 0.00 | Sep 15, 2026 | In multiple files, there is a possible way to obtain signatures due to type confusion. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. | ||
| CVE-2026-17107 | Hig | 0.55 | 8.5 | 0.00 | Jul 24, 2026 | A flaw was found in the cluster-proxy service-proxy component used in Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes (RHACM) and multicluster-engine (MCE). The service-proxy appends impersonation group headers to proxied requests without first removing caller-supplied… | ||
| CVE-2026-53513 | Cri | 0.55 | 9.6 | 0.00 | Jul 15, 2026 | Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. Prior to 1.6.11, the @better-auth/sso plugin's POST /sso/register and POST /sso/update-provider endpoints accept attacker-controlled oidcConfig.userInfoEndpoint, tokenEndpoint, and jwksEndpoint URLs when… | ||
| CVE-2026-0107 | Hig | 0.55 | 8.4 | 0.00 | Mar 10, 2026 | In gmc_ddr_handle_mba_mr_req of gmc_mba_ddr.c, there is a possible escalation of privileges due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. | ||
| CVE-2026-0021 | Hig | 0.55 | 8.4 | 0.00 | Mar 2, 2026 | In hasInteractAcrossUsersFullPermission of AppInfoBase.java, there is a possible cross-user permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for… | ||
| CVE-2026-0008 | Hig | 0.55 | 8.4 | 0.00 | Mar 2, 2026 | In multiple functions of FaceEnroll.kt, there is a possible privilege escalation due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. | ||
| CVE-2025-48579 | Hig | 0.55 | 8.4 | 0.00 | Mar 2, 2026 | In multiple functions of MediaProvider.java, there is a possible external storage write permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. | ||
| CVE-2026-87582 | Hig | 0.54 | 8.3 | 0.00 | Sep 9, 2026 | Confused deputy in DataTransfer in Google Chrome prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially execute arbitrary code outside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium) | ||
| CVE-2026-42313 | Hig | 0.54 | 8.3 | 0.00 | May 11, 2026 | pyLoad is a free and open-source download manager written in Python. Prior to 0.5.0b3.dev100, the set_config_value() API method (@permission(Perms.SETTINGS)) in src/pyload/core/api/__init__.py gates security-sensitive options behind a hand-maintained allowlist… | ||
| CVE-2026-86600 | Hig | 0.53 | 8.2 | 0.00 | Sep 8, 2026 | In affected Snowflake drivers, WORKLOAD_IDENTITY authentication requests a cloud workload-identity token and attaches it to the login request without verifying that the configured host is a Snowflake endpoint. An attacker who can modify the connection configuration can cause the… | ||
| CVE-2019-3924 | Hig | 0.53 | 7.5 | 0.16 | Feb 20, 2019 | MikroTik RouterOS before 6.43.12 (stable) and 6.42.12 (long-term) is vulnerable to an intermediary vulnerability. The software will execute user defined network requests to both WAN and LAN clients. A remote unauthenticated attacker can use this vulnerability to bypass the… | ||
| CVE-2026-7381 | Cri | 0.52 | 9.1 | 0.00 | Apr 29, 2026 | Plack::Middleware::XSendfile versions through 1.0053 for Perl can allow client-controlled path rewriting. Plack::Middleware::XSendfile allows the variation setting (sendfile type) to be set by the client via the X-Sendfile-Type header, if it is not considered in the middleware… | ||
| CVE-2026-56945 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Sep 15, 2026 | In VPU, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. | ||
| CVE-2026-45520 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Sep 8, 2026 | In onAttach of BiometricsSettingsBase.java, there is a possible authentication bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. | ||
| CVE-2026-28657 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Sep 8, 2026 | In onActivityResult of AppWidgetConfigActivityProxy.java, there is a possible unauthorized URI permission grant due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for… | ||
| CVE-2026-28644 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Sep 8, 2026 | In startNextMatchingActivity of ActivityTaskManagerService.java, there is a possible permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. |
- risk 0.57cvss 8.7epss 0.00
A flaw was found in runtimes-inventory-rhel8-operator. An internal proxy component is incorrectly configured. Because of this flaw, the proxy attaches the cluster's main administrative credentials to any command it receives, instead of only the specific reports it is supposed to…
- risk 0.57cvss 8.8epss 0.01
Metabase is data visualization software. Prior to versions 0.44.5, 1.44.5, 0.43.7, 1.43.7, 0.42.6, 1.42.6, 0.41.9, and 1.41.9, H2 (Sample Database) could allow Remote Code Execution (RCE), which can be abused by users able to write SQL queries on H2 databases. This issue is…
- risk 0.56cvss 8.6epss 0.00
HCL Nomad server on Domino is affected by an open proxy vulnerability in which an unauthenticated attacker can mask their original source IP address. This may enable an attacker to trick the user into exposing sensitive information.
- risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00
In multiple files, there is a possible out-of-bounds read due to type confusion. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
- risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00
In multiple files, there is a possible way to obtain signatures due to type confusion. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
- risk 0.55cvss 8.5epss 0.00
A flaw was found in the cluster-proxy service-proxy component used in Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes (RHACM) and multicluster-engine (MCE). The service-proxy appends impersonation group headers to proxied requests without first removing caller-supplied…
- risk 0.55cvss 9.6epss 0.00
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. Prior to 1.6.11, the @better-auth/sso plugin's POST /sso/register and POST /sso/update-provider endpoints accept attacker-controlled oidcConfig.userInfoEndpoint, tokenEndpoint, and jwksEndpoint URLs when…
- risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00
In gmc_ddr_handle_mba_mr_req of gmc_mba_ddr.c, there is a possible escalation of privileges due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
- risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00
In hasInteractAcrossUsersFullPermission of AppInfoBase.java, there is a possible cross-user permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for…
- risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00
In multiple functions of FaceEnroll.kt, there is a possible privilege escalation due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
- risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00
In multiple functions of MediaProvider.java, there is a possible external storage write permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
- risk 0.54cvss 8.3epss 0.00
Confused deputy in DataTransfer in Google Chrome prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially execute arbitrary code outside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
- risk 0.54cvss 8.3epss 0.00
pyLoad is a free and open-source download manager written in Python. Prior to 0.5.0b3.dev100, the set_config_value() API method (@permission(Perms.SETTINGS)) in src/pyload/core/api/__init__.py gates security-sensitive options behind a hand-maintained allowlist…
- risk 0.53cvss 8.2epss 0.00
In affected Snowflake drivers, WORKLOAD_IDENTITY authentication requests a cloud workload-identity token and attaches it to the login request without verifying that the configured host is a Snowflake endpoint. An attacker who can modify the connection configuration can cause the…
- risk 0.53cvss 7.5epss 0.16
MikroTik RouterOS before 6.43.12 (stable) and 6.42.12 (long-term) is vulnerable to an intermediary vulnerability. The software will execute user defined network requests to both WAN and LAN clients. A remote unauthenticated attacker can use this vulnerability to bypass the…
- risk 0.52cvss 9.1epss 0.00
Plack::Middleware::XSendfile versions through 1.0053 for Perl can allow client-controlled path rewriting. Plack::Middleware::XSendfile allows the variation setting (sendfile type) to be set by the client via the X-Sendfile-Type header, if it is not considered in the middleware…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
In VPU, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
In onAttach of BiometricsSettingsBase.java, there is a possible authentication bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
In onActivityResult of AppWidgetConfigActivityProxy.java, there is a possible unauthorized URI permission grant due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
In startNextMatchingActivity of ActivityTaskManagerService.java, there is a possible permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.