VYPR

CWE-441

Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')

ClassDraft

Description

The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. This causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.

Hierarchy (View 1000)

Parents

Related attack patterns (CAPEC)

CAPEC-219 · CAPEC-465

CVEs mapped to this weakness (165)

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  • CVE-2025-11393HigDec 15, 2025
    risk 0.57cvss 8.7epss 0.00

    A flaw was found in runtimes-inventory-rhel8-operator. An internal proxy component is incorrectly configured. Because of this flaw, the proxy attaches the cluster's main administrative credentials to any command it receives, instead of only the specific reports it is supposed to…

  • CVE-2022-39361HigOct 26, 2022
    risk 0.57cvss 8.8epss 0.01

    Metabase is data visualization software. Prior to versions 0.44.5, 1.44.5, 0.43.7, 1.43.7, 0.42.6, 1.42.6, 0.41.9, and 1.41.9, H2 (Sample Database) could allow Remote Code Execution (RCE), which can be abused by users able to write SQL queries on H2 databases. This issue is…

  • CVE-2024-30128HigSep 25, 2024
    risk 0.56cvss 8.6epss 0.00

    HCL Nomad server on Domino is affected by an open proxy vulnerability in which an unauthenticated attacker can mask their original source IP address. This may enable an attacker to trick the user into exposing sensitive information.

  • CVE-2026-56986HigSep 15, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00

    In multiple files, there is a possible out-of-bounds read due to type confusion. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2026-56985HigSep 15, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00

    In multiple files, there is a possible way to obtain signatures due to type confusion. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2026-17107HigJul 24, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.5epss 0.00

    A flaw was found in the cluster-proxy service-proxy component used in Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes (RHACM) and multicluster-engine (MCE). The service-proxy appends impersonation group headers to proxied requests without first removing caller-supplied…

  • CVE-2026-53513CriJul 15, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 9.6epss 0.00

    Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. Prior to 1.6.11, the @better-auth/sso plugin's POST /sso/register and POST /sso/update-provider endpoints accept attacker-controlled oidcConfig.userInfoEndpoint, tokenEndpoint, and jwksEndpoint URLs when…

  • CVE-2026-0107HigMar 10, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00

    In gmc_ddr_handle_mba_mr_req of gmc_mba_ddr.c, there is a possible escalation of privileges due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2026-0021HigMar 2, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00

    In hasInteractAcrossUsersFullPermission of AppInfoBase.java, there is a possible cross-user permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for…

  • CVE-2026-0008HigMar 2, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00

    In multiple functions of FaceEnroll.kt, there is a possible privilege escalation due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2025-48579HigMar 2, 2026
    risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00

    In multiple functions of MediaProvider.java, there is a possible external storage write permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2026-87582HigSep 9, 2026
    risk 0.54cvss 8.3epss 0.00

    Confused deputy in DataTransfer in Google Chrome prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially execute arbitrary code outside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

  • CVE-2026-42313HigMay 11, 2026
    risk 0.54cvss 8.3epss 0.00

    pyLoad is a free and open-source download manager written in Python. Prior to 0.5.0b3.dev100, the set_config_value() API method (@permission(Perms.SETTINGS)) in src/pyload/core/api/__init__.py gates security-sensitive options behind a hand-maintained allowlist…

  • CVE-2026-86600HigSep 8, 2026
    risk 0.53cvss 8.2epss 0.00

    In affected Snowflake drivers, WORKLOAD_IDENTITY authentication requests a cloud workload-identity token and attaches it to the login request without verifying that the configured host is a Snowflake endpoint. An attacker who can modify the connection configuration can cause the…

  • CVE-2019-3924HigFeb 20, 2019
    risk 0.53cvss 7.5epss 0.16

    MikroTik RouterOS before 6.43.12 (stable) and 6.42.12 (long-term) is vulnerable to an intermediary vulnerability. The software will execute user defined network requests to both WAN and LAN clients. A remote unauthenticated attacker can use this vulnerability to bypass the…

  • CVE-2026-7381CriApr 29, 2026
    risk 0.52cvss 9.1epss 0.00

    Plack::Middleware::XSendfile versions through 1.0053 for Perl can allow client-controlled path rewriting. Plack::Middleware::XSendfile allows the variation setting (sendfile type) to be set by the client via the X-Sendfile-Type header, if it is not considered in the middleware…

  • CVE-2026-56945HigSep 15, 2026
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In VPU, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2026-45520HigSep 8, 2026
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In onAttach of BiometricsSettingsBase.java, there is a possible authentication bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

  • CVE-2026-28657HigSep 8, 2026
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In onActivityResult of AppWidgetConfigActivityProxy.java, there is a possible unauthorized URI permission grant due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for…

  • CVE-2026-28644HigSep 8, 2026
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In startNextMatchingActivity of ActivityTaskManagerService.java, there is a possible permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.