CWE-441
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Description
The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. This causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-219 · CAPEC-465
CVEs mapped to this weakness (165)
page 7 of 9| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2026-73424 | Med | 0.35 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Aug 17, 2026 | Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. From 10.0.3 until 11.0.3, the Astro Vercel adapter in packages/integrations/vercel/src/serverless/entrypoint.ts accepts x_astro_path for the public /_isr function based only on the x-vercel-isr header, allowing… | ||
| CVE-2026-49086 | Med | 0.35 | 6.5 | 0.01 | Jul 6, 2026 | Improper Input Validation, Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') vulnerability in Apache Camel DAPR component. The camel-dapr Dapr Pub/Sub consumer (DaprPubSubConsumer) copied two fields from each inbound CloudEvent - its Pub/Sub component name and its topic -… | ||
| CVE-2026-33768 | Med | 0.35 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Mar 24, 2026 | Astro is a web framework. Prior to version 10.0.2, the @astrojs/vercel serverless entrypoint reads the x-astro-path header and x_astro_path query parameter to rewrite the internal request path, with no authentication whatsoever. On deployments without Edge Middleware, this lets… | ||
| CVE-2024-34068 | Med | 0.35 | 6.4 | 0.00 | May 3, 2024 | Pterodactyl wings is the server control plane for Pterodactyl Panel. An authenticated user who has access to a game server is able to bypass the previously implemented access control (GHSA-6rg3-8h8x-5xfv) that prevents accessing internal endpoints of the node hosting Wings in… | ||
| CVE-2026-87453 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.00 | Sep 9, 2026 | Confused deputy in BackgroundFetch in Google Chrome prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to leak sensitive information via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium) | ||
| CVE-2026-84329 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.00 | Sep 2, 2026 | Confused deputy in CredentialProvider in Google Chrome on on Windows prior to 152.0.7977.75 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to leak sensitive information via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low) | ||
| CVE-2026-63643 | Med | 0.34 | — | 0.00 | Aug 18, 2026 | MagicMirror² is an open source modular smart mirror platform. Prior to 2.37.0, the ADD_CALENDAR handler in defaultmodules/calendar/node_helper.js accepts an attacker-controlled URL, authentication data, and selfSignedCert setting through the unauthenticated Socket.IO namespace… | ||
| CVE-2026-54663 | Med | 0.33 | 6.1 | 0.00 | Jul 29, 2026 | swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from OpenAPI specifications. Prior to 13.12.2, src/resolved-swagger-schema.ts warmUpRemoteSchemasCache resolves external $ref URLs and fetchRemoteSchemaDocument uses isHttpUrl to fetch any http or https target… | ||
| CVE-2026-50169 | Med | 0.33 | 6.1 | 0.00 | Jun 22, 2026 | Angular is a development platform for building mobile and desktop web applications using TypeScript/JavaScript and other languages. Prior to 22.0.0-rc.2, 21.2.15 20.3.22, and 19.2.23, an issue in the @angular/service-worker package compromises the integrity of request-policy… | ||
| CVE-2026-27124 | Med | 0.33 | 6.1 | 0.00 | Apr 3, 2026 | FastMCP is the standard framework for building MCP applications. Prior to version 3.2.0, while testing the GitHubProvider OAuth integration, which allows authentication to a FastMCP MCP server via a FastMCP OAuthProxy using GitHub OAuth, it was discovered that the FastMCP… | ||
| CVE-2025-48551 | Med | 0.33 | 5.0 | 0.00 | Sep 4, 2025 | In multiple locations, there is a possible leak of an image across the Android User isolation boundary due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. | ||
| CVE-2026-50022 | Med | 0.31 | 5.8 | 0.00 | Sep 17, 2026 | Metacat is data repository software that helps researchers preserve, share, and discover data. Prior to 3.4.2, MetacatSolrIndex.query forwards the client-controlled qt parameter through Apache SolrJ from search endpoints such as /d1/mn/v2/query/solr/ to its privileged Solr… | ||
| CVE-2026-91742 | Med | 0.31 | 4.8 | 0.00 | Sep 15, 2026 | Confused deputy in PriceTracking in Google Chrome on on iOS prior to 153.0.8010.47 allowed a remote attacker leveraging social engineering to bypass system access restrictions into a privileged page via crafted network traffic. (Chromium security severity: Medium) | ||
| CVE-2025-61780 | Med | 0.31 | 5.8 | 0.01 | Oct 10, 2025 | Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.20, 3.1.18, and 3.2.3, a possible information disclosure vulnerability existed in `Rack::Sendfile` when running behind a proxy that supports `x-sendfile` headers (such as Nginx). Specially crafted headers could… | ||
| CVE-2026-0183 | Med | 0.29 | 4.4 | 0.00 | Sep 15, 2026 | In CPM, there is a possible information disclosure due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. | ||
| CVE-2026-41365 | Med | 0.28 | 5.4 | 0.00 | Apr 28, 2026 | OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a sender allowlist bypass vulnerability in MS Teams thread history fetched via Graph API. Attackers can retrieve thread messages that should be filtered by sender allowlists, bypassing message filtering restrictions. | ||
| CVE-2025-66415 | Med | 0.28 | 5.4 | 0.00 | Dec 1, 2025 | fastify-reply-from is a Fastify plugin to forward the current HTTP request to another server. Prior to 12.5.0, by crafting a malicious URL, an attacker could access routes that are not allowed, even though the reply.from is defined for specific routes in @fastify/reply-from.… | ||
| CVE-2024-9870 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.00 | Feb 12, 2025 | An external service interaction vulnerability in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 15.11 prior to 17.6.5, 17.7 prior to 17.7.4, and 17.8 prior to 17.8.2 allows an attacker to send requests from the GitLab server to unintended services. | ||
| CVE-2015-10003 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.01 | Jul 17, 2022 | A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in FileZilla Server up to 0.9.50. This affects an unknown part of the component PORT Handler. The manipulation leads to unintended intermediary. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version… | ||
| CVE-2026-87502 | Med | 0.27 | 4.2 | 0.00 | Sep 9, 2026 | Confused deputy in Fullscreen in Google Chrome prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process and leveraged social engineering to spoof UI elements via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low) |
- risk 0.35cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. From 10.0.3 until 11.0.3, the Astro Vercel adapter in packages/integrations/vercel/src/serverless/entrypoint.ts accepts x_astro_path for the public /_isr function based only on the x-vercel-isr header, allowing…
- risk 0.35cvss 6.5epss 0.01
Improper Input Validation, Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') vulnerability in Apache Camel DAPR component. The camel-dapr Dapr Pub/Sub consumer (DaprPubSubConsumer) copied two fields from each inbound CloudEvent - its Pub/Sub component name and its topic -…
- risk 0.35cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Astro is a web framework. Prior to version 10.0.2, the @astrojs/vercel serverless entrypoint reads the x-astro-path header and x_astro_path query parameter to rewrite the internal request path, with no authentication whatsoever. On deployments without Edge Middleware, this lets…
- risk 0.35cvss 6.4epss 0.00
Pterodactyl wings is the server control plane for Pterodactyl Panel. An authenticated user who has access to a game server is able to bypass the previously implemented access control (GHSA-6rg3-8h8x-5xfv) that prevents accessing internal endpoints of the node hosting Wings in…
- risk 0.34cvss 5.3epss 0.00
Confused deputy in BackgroundFetch in Google Chrome prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to leak sensitive information via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
- risk 0.34cvss 5.3epss 0.00
Confused deputy in CredentialProvider in Google Chrome on on Windows prior to 152.0.7977.75 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to leak sensitive information via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)
- risk 0.34cvss —epss 0.00
MagicMirror² is an open source modular smart mirror platform. Prior to 2.37.0, the ADD_CALENDAR handler in defaultmodules/calendar/node_helper.js accepts an attacker-controlled URL, authentication data, and selfSignedCert setting through the unauthenticated Socket.IO namespace…
- risk 0.33cvss 6.1epss 0.00
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from OpenAPI specifications. Prior to 13.12.2, src/resolved-swagger-schema.ts warmUpRemoteSchemasCache resolves external $ref URLs and fetchRemoteSchemaDocument uses isHttpUrl to fetch any http or https target…
- risk 0.33cvss 6.1epss 0.00
Angular is a development platform for building mobile and desktop web applications using TypeScript/JavaScript and other languages. Prior to 22.0.0-rc.2, 21.2.15 20.3.22, and 19.2.23, an issue in the @angular/service-worker package compromises the integrity of request-policy…
- risk 0.33cvss 6.1epss 0.00
FastMCP is the standard framework for building MCP applications. Prior to version 3.2.0, while testing the GitHubProvider OAuth integration, which allows authentication to a FastMCP MCP server via a FastMCP OAuthProxy using GitHub OAuth, it was discovered that the FastMCP…
- risk 0.33cvss 5.0epss 0.00
In multiple locations, there is a possible leak of an image across the Android User isolation boundary due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.
- risk 0.31cvss 5.8epss 0.00
Metacat is data repository software that helps researchers preserve, share, and discover data. Prior to 3.4.2, MetacatSolrIndex.query forwards the client-controlled qt parameter through Apache SolrJ from search endpoints such as /d1/mn/v2/query/solr/ to its privileged Solr…
- risk 0.31cvss 4.8epss 0.00
Confused deputy in PriceTracking in Google Chrome on on iOS prior to 153.0.8010.47 allowed a remote attacker leveraging social engineering to bypass system access restrictions into a privileged page via crafted network traffic. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
- risk 0.31cvss 5.8epss 0.01
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.20, 3.1.18, and 3.2.3, a possible information disclosure vulnerability existed in `Rack::Sendfile` when running behind a proxy that supports `x-sendfile` headers (such as Nginx). Specially crafted headers could…
- risk 0.29cvss 4.4epss 0.00
In CPM, there is a possible information disclosure due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
- risk 0.28cvss 5.4epss 0.00
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a sender allowlist bypass vulnerability in MS Teams thread history fetched via Graph API. Attackers can retrieve thread messages that should be filtered by sender allowlists, bypassing message filtering restrictions.
- risk 0.28cvss 5.4epss 0.00
fastify-reply-from is a Fastify plugin to forward the current HTTP request to another server. Prior to 12.5.0, by crafting a malicious URL, an attacker could access routes that are not allowed, even though the reply.from is defined for specific routes in @fastify/reply-from.…
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.00
An external service interaction vulnerability in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 15.11 prior to 17.6.5, 17.7 prior to 17.7.4, and 17.8 prior to 17.8.2 allows an attacker to send requests from the GitLab server to unintended services.
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.01
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in FileZilla Server up to 0.9.50. This affects an unknown part of the component PORT Handler. The manipulation leads to unintended intermediary. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version…
- risk 0.27cvss 4.2epss 0.00
Confused deputy in Fullscreen in Google Chrome prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process and leveraged social engineering to spoof UI elements via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)