CWE-116
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Description
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-104 · CAPEC-73 · CAPEC-81 · CAPEC-85
CVEs mapped to this weakness (216)
page 3 of 11| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-61084 | Hig | 0.46 | 7.1 | 0.00 | Nov 5, 2025 | MDaemon Mail Server 23.5.2 validates SPF, DKIM, and DMARC using the email enclosed in angle brackets (<>) in the From: header of SMTP DATA. An attacker can craft a From: header with multiple invisible Unicode thin spaces to display a spoofed sender while passing validation,… | ||
| CVE-2025-61773 | Hig | 0.46 | 8.1 | 0.00 | Oct 9, 2025 | pyLoad is a free and open-source download manager written in Python. In versions prior to 0.5.0b3.dev91, pyLoad web interface contained insufficient input validation in both the Captcha script endpoint and the Click'N'Load (CNL) Blueprint. This flaw allowed untrusted user input… | ||
| CVE-2025-24338 | Hig | 0.46 | 7.1 | 0.00 | Apr 30, 2025 | A vulnerability in the “Manages app data” functionality of the web application of ctrlX OS allows a remote authenticated (lowprivileged) attacker to execute arbitrary client-side code in the context of another user's browser via multiple crafted HTTP requests. | ||
| CVE-2025-32078 | Med | 0.45 | — | 0.00 | Apr 11, 2025 | Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - Version Compare Extension allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).This issue affects Mediawiki - Version Compare Extension: from 1.39 through 1.43. | ||
| CVE-2025-32072 | Med | 0.45 | — | 0.00 | Apr 11, 2025 | Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki Core - Feed Utils allows WebView Injection.This issue affects Mediawiki Core - Feed Utils: from 1.39 through 1.43. | ||
| CVE-2019-6109 | Med | 0.45 | 6.8 | 0.04 | Jan 31, 2019 | An issue was discovered in OpenSSH 7.9. Due to missing character encoding in the progress display, a malicious server (or Man-in-The-Middle attacker) can employ crafted object names to manipulate the client output, e.g., by using ANSI control codes to hide additional files being… | ||
| CVE-2026-8795 | Hig | 0.44 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Jun 9, 2026 | A YAML injection vulnerability exists in the Windows.Collectors.Remapping artifact of Rapid7 Velociraptor before version 0.76.6. The hostname field in client_info.json inside a collection ZIP is inserted into a YAML template via Go's text/template without escaping. An attacker… | ||
| CVE-2024-27629 | Hig | 0.44 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Jun 28, 2024 | An issue in dc2niix before v.1.0.20240202 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the generated file name is not properly escaped and injected into a system call when certain types of compression are used. | ||
| CVE-2026-42558 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.6 | 0.00 | Jun 10, 2026 | Xibo is an open source digital signage platform with a web content management system and Windows display player software. Prior to 4.4.2, a vulnerability chain consisting of Stored XSS and Iframe Sandbox escape in the Xibo CMS allows users with DataSet permissions to use the… | ||
| CVE-2026-9354 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | May 24, 2026 | A vulnerability was detected in NousResearch hermes-agent up to 2026.4.16. The affected element is an unknown function of the component Slack Agent/Mattermost Agent. The manipulation of the argument format_message results in escaping of output. The attack can be executed… | ||
| CVE-2026-46367 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.6 | 0.00 | May 15, 2026 | phpMyFAQ before 4.1.2 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in Utils::parseUrl() that allows authenticated users to inject JavaScript via malformed URLs in comments. Attackers can craft URLs with unescaped quotes to inject event handlers, stealing admin session… | ||
| CVE-2026-34481 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Apr 10, 2026 | Apache Log4j's JsonTemplateLayout https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/json-template-layout.html , in versions up to and including 2.25.3, produces invalid JSON output when log events contain non-finite floating-point values (NaN, Infinity, or -Infinity), which are… | ||
| CVE-2026-34480 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Apr 10, 2026 | Apache Log4j Core's XmlLayout https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/layouts.html#XmlLayout , in versions up to and including 2.25.3, fails to sanitize characters forbidden by the XML 1.0 specification https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#charsets producing invalid XML output… | ||
| CVE-2026-34479 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Apr 10, 2026 | The Log4j1XmlLayout from the Apache Log4j 1-to-Log4j 2 bridge fails to escape characters forbidden by the XML 1.0 standard, producing malformed XML output. Conforming XML parsers are required to reject documents containing such characters with a fatal error, which may cause… | ||
| CVE-2026-34483 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Apr 9, 2026 | Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in the JsonAccessLogValve component of Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.20, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.53, from 9.0.40 through 9.0.116. Users are recommended to upgrade to… | ||
| CVE-2026-35534 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.6 | 0.00 | Apr 7, 2026 | ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability exists in PersonView.php due to incorrect use of sanitizeText() as an output sanitizer for HTML attribute context. The function only strips HTML tags, it does not… | ||
| CVE-2026-26027 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Apr 6, 2026 | GLPI is a free asset and IT management software package. From 11.0.0 to before 11.0.6, an unauthenticated user can store an XSS payload through the inventory endpoint. This vulnerability is fixed in 11.0.6. | ||
| CVE-2026-3644 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Mar 16, 2026 | The fix for CVE-2026-0672, which rejected control characters in http.cookies.Morsel, was incomplete. The Morsel.update(), |= operator, and unpickling paths were not patched, allowing control characters to bypass input validation. Additionally, BaseCookie.js_output() lacked the… | ||
| CVE-2025-6429 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Jun 24, 2025 | Firefox could have incorrectly parsed a URL and rewritten it to the youtube.com domain when parsing the URL specified in an `embed` tag. This could have bypassed website security checks that restricted which domains users were allowed to embed. This vulnerability was fixed in… | ||
| CVE-2025-5271 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | May 27, 2025 | Previewing a response in Devtools ignored CSP headers, which could have allowed content injection attacks. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 139 and Thunderbird 139. |
- risk 0.46cvss 7.1epss 0.00
MDaemon Mail Server 23.5.2 validates SPF, DKIM, and DMARC using the email enclosed in angle brackets (<>) in the From: header of SMTP DATA. An attacker can craft a From: header with multiple invisible Unicode thin spaces to display a spoofed sender while passing validation,…
- risk 0.46cvss 8.1epss 0.00
pyLoad is a free and open-source download manager written in Python. In versions prior to 0.5.0b3.dev91, pyLoad web interface contained insufficient input validation in both the Captcha script endpoint and the Click'N'Load (CNL) Blueprint. This flaw allowed untrusted user input…
- risk 0.46cvss 7.1epss 0.00
A vulnerability in the “Manages app data” functionality of the web application of ctrlX OS allows a remote authenticated (lowprivileged) attacker to execute arbitrary client-side code in the context of another user's browser via multiple crafted HTTP requests.
- risk 0.45cvss —epss 0.00
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - Version Compare Extension allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).This issue affects Mediawiki - Version Compare Extension: from 1.39 through 1.43.
- risk 0.45cvss —epss 0.00
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki Core - Feed Utils allows WebView Injection.This issue affects Mediawiki Core - Feed Utils: from 1.39 through 1.43.
- risk 0.45cvss 6.8epss 0.04
An issue was discovered in OpenSSH 7.9. Due to missing character encoding in the progress display, a malicious server (or Man-in-The-Middle attacker) can employ crafted object names to manipulate the client output, e.g., by using ANSI control codes to hide additional files being…
- risk 0.44cvss 7.8epss 0.00
A YAML injection vulnerability exists in the Windows.Collectors.Remapping artifact of Rapid7 Velociraptor before version 0.76.6. The hostname field in client_info.json inside a collection ZIP is inserted into a YAML template via Go's text/template without escaping. An attacker…
- risk 0.44cvss 7.8epss 0.00
An issue in dc2niix before v.1.0.20240202 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the generated file name is not properly escaped and injected into a system call when certain types of compression are used.
- risk 0.42cvss 7.6epss 0.00
Xibo is an open source digital signage platform with a web content management system and Windows display player software. Prior to 4.4.2, a vulnerability chain consisting of Stored XSS and Iframe Sandbox escape in the Xibo CMS allows users with DataSet permissions to use the…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
A vulnerability was detected in NousResearch hermes-agent up to 2026.4.16. The affected element is an unknown function of the component Slack Agent/Mattermost Agent. The manipulation of the argument format_message results in escaping of output. The attack can be executed…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.6epss 0.00
phpMyFAQ before 4.1.2 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in Utils::parseUrl() that allows authenticated users to inject JavaScript via malformed URLs in comments. Attackers can craft URLs with unescaped quotes to inject event handlers, stealing admin session…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.01
Apache Log4j's JsonTemplateLayout https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/json-template-layout.html , in versions up to and including 2.25.3, produces invalid JSON output when log events contain non-finite floating-point values (NaN, Infinity, or -Infinity), which are…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.01
Apache Log4j Core's XmlLayout https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/layouts.html#XmlLayout , in versions up to and including 2.25.3, fails to sanitize characters forbidden by the XML 1.0 specification https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#charsets producing invalid XML output…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.01
The Log4j1XmlLayout from the Apache Log4j 1-to-Log4j 2 bridge fails to escape characters forbidden by the XML 1.0 standard, producing malformed XML output. Conforming XML parsers are required to reject documents containing such characters with a fatal error, which may cause…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in the JsonAccessLogValve component of Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.20, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.53, from 9.0.40 through 9.0.116. Users are recommended to upgrade to…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.6epss 0.00
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability exists in PersonView.php due to incorrect use of sanitizeText() as an output sanitizer for HTML attribute context. The function only strips HTML tags, it does not…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
GLPI is a free asset and IT management software package. From 11.0.0 to before 11.0.6, an unauthenticated user can store an XSS payload through the inventory endpoint. This vulnerability is fixed in 11.0.6.
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
The fix for CVE-2026-0672, which rejected control characters in http.cookies.Morsel, was incomplete. The Morsel.update(), |= operator, and unpickling paths were not patched, allowing control characters to bypass input validation. Additionally, BaseCookie.js_output() lacked the…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Firefox could have incorrectly parsed a URL and rewritten it to the youtube.com domain when parsing the URL specified in an `embed` tag. This could have bypassed website security checks that restricted which domains users were allowed to embed. This vulnerability was fixed in…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Previewing a response in Devtools ignored CSP headers, which could have allowed content injection attacks. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 139 and Thunderbird 139.