CWE-74
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
ClassIncompleteLikelihood: High
Description
The product constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-10 · CAPEC-101 · CAPEC-105 · CAPEC-108 · CAPEC-120 · CAPEC-13 · CAPEC-135 · CAPEC-14 · CAPEC-24 · CAPEC-250 · CAPEC-267 · CAPEC-273 · CAPEC-28 · CAPEC-3 · CAPEC-34 · CAPEC-42 · CAPEC-43 · CAPEC-45 · CAPEC-46 · CAPEC-47 · CAPEC-51 · CAPEC-52 · CAPEC-53 · CAPEC-6 · CAPEC-64 · CAPEC-67 · CAPEC-7 · CAPEC-71 · CAPEC-72 · CAPEC-76 · CAPEC-78 · CAPEC-79 · CAPEC-8 · CAPEC-80 · CAPEC-83 · CAPEC-84 · CAPEC-9
CVEs mapped to this weakness (2,523)
page 114 of 127| CVE | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-3008 | Med | 0.36 | 5.5 | 0.00 | Mar 31, 2025 | A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Novastar CX40 up to 2.44.0. Affected is the function system/popen of the file /usr/nova/bin/netconfig of the component NetFilter Utility. The manipulation leads to command injection. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. | |
| CVE-2024-40137 | Med | 0.36 | 5.5 | 0.00 | Jul 24, 2024 | Dolibarr ERP CRM before 19.0.2-php8.2 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the Computed field parameter under the Users Module Setup function. | |
| CVE-2016-3695 | Med | 0.36 | 5.5 | 0.00 | Dec 29, 2017 | The einj_error_inject function in drivers/acpi/apei/einj.c in the Linux kernel allows local users to simulate hardware errors and consequently cause a denial of service by leveraging failure to disable APEI error injection through EINJ when securelevel is set. | |
| CVE-2026-42838 | Med | 0.35 | 5.4 | 0.00 | May 12, 2026 | Improper neutralization of special elements in output used by a downstream component ('injection') in Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. | |
| CVE-2026-41885 | Med | 0.35 | 6.5 | 0.00 | May 8, 2026 | i18next-locize-backend is a simple i18next backend for locize.com which can be used in Node.js, in the browser and for Deno. Prior to version 9.0.2, i18next-locize-backend interpolates lng, ns, projectId, and version directly into the configured loadPath / privatePath / addPath / updatePath / getLanguagesPath URL templates with no path-component validation and no encoding. When an application exposes any of these values to user-controlled input (?lng= / ?ns= query parameters via i18next-browser-languagedetector, cookies, request headers, or a URL-derived projectId), a crafted value can change the structure of the outgoing request URL. Affected call sites in lib/index.js (pre-patch): the interpolate() helper is used at the five URL-build sites — _readAny/read (line 415 for private, 426 for public), getLanguages (lines 271 and 296), and writePage (lines 616 and 622) for the missing-key and update POST paths. The helper interpolate in lib/utils.js substitutes raw values with no encoding. This issue has been patched in version 9.0.2. | |
| CVE-2026-41691 | Med | 0.35 | 6.5 | 0.00 | May 7, 2026 | Copilot said: i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds website internationalization via a script tag, without source code changes. Versions prior to 3.0.5 interpolate the lng and ns values directly into the configured loadPath / addPath URL template without any encoding, validation, or path sanitisation. When an application exposes the language-code selection to user-controlled input (the default — i18next-browser-languagedetector reads ?lng= query params, cookies, localStorage, and request headers), an attacker can inject characters that change the structure of the outgoing request URL. This is a single URL-injection vulnerability. The attacker-controlled value is neutralised before it is used as part of an output URL string; the attack shape covers both path traversal and broader URL-structure injection — both are closed by the one interpolateUrl sanitisation fix. This issue has been fixed in version 3.0.5. If users cannot upgrade immediately, they can work around the issue by sanitising lng / ns before they reach i18next (strip .., /, \, ?, #, %, whitespace, and control characters; cap the length). | |
| CVE-2026-0972 | Med | 0.35 | 5.4 | 0.00 | Apr 21, 2026 | HTML injection is possible in system generated emails in Fortra's GoAnywhere MFT prior to 7.10.0. Note: The title, details, and description of this CVE were corrected post-publishing. | |
| CVE-2026-27022 | Med | 0.35 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Feb 20, 2026 | @langchain/langgraph-checkpoint-redis is the Redis checkpoint and store implementation for LangGraph. A query injection vulnerability exists in the @langchain/langgraph-checkpoint-redis package's filter handling. The RedisSaver and ShallowRedisSaver classes construct RediSearch queries by directly interpolating user-provided filter keys and values without proper escaping. RediSearch has special syntax characters that can modify query behavior, and when user-controlled data contains these characters, the query logic can be manipulated to bypass intended access controls. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.0.2. | |
| CVE-2025-8518 | Med | 0.35 | 4.7 | 0.20 | Aug 4, 2025 | A vulnerability was found in givanz Vvveb 1.0.5. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function Save of the file admin/controller/editor/code.php of the component Code Editor. The manipulation leads to code injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.0.6 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is f684f3e374d04db715730fc4796e102f5ebcacb2. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. | |
| CVE-2024-1128 | Med | 0.35 | 5.4 | 0.00 | Feb 29, 2024 | The Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to HTML Injection in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.0. This is due to insufficient sanitization of HTML input in the Q&A functionality. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Student access and above, to inject arbitrary HTML onto a site, though it does not allow Cross-Site Scripting | |
| CVE-2025-8154 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.00 | May 11, 2026 | In Webhook API invocations, the component accepts user-supplied input for HTTP request headers without sufficient validation or sanitization, allowing these headers to be injected into HTTP responses. By exploiting this vulnerability, a malicious actor can inject or overwrite arbitrary HTTP response headers. This can lead to various adverse effects, including the manipulation of browser caching, alteration of security-related headers, and the injection of sensitive information such as cookie values, potentially enabling session hijacking or other malicious activities. | |
| CVE-2026-8210 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.01 | May 9, 2026 | A security vulnerability has been detected in aandrew-me tgpt up to 2.11.1 on Linux/macOS. Affected by this vulnerability is the function helper.Update of the file helper.go of the component Update Handler. The manipulation leads to command injection. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. | |
| CVE-2026-7580 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.00 | May 1, 2026 | A vulnerability was detected in Exiftool up to 13.53. Impacted is the function Process_mrld of the file lib/Image/ExifTool/GM.pm of the component JPEG/QuickTime/MOV/MP4. The manipulation of the argument -ee results in code injection. Attacking locally is a requirement. Upgrading to version 13.54 is recommended to address this issue. The patch is identified as 5a8b6b6ead12b39e3f32f978a4efd0233facbb01. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component. The fix in the source code mentions: "[J]ust to be safe, probably never happen". | |
| CVE-2026-7045 | Med | 0.34 | 6.3 | 0.00 | Apr 26, 2026 | A vulnerability was determined in baomidou dynamic-datasource 2.5.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function DsSpelExpressionProcessor#doDetermineDatasource of the file dynamic-datasource-spring/src/main/java/com/baomidou/dynamic/datasource/processor/DsSpelExpressionProcessor.java of the component StandardEvaluationContext/SpelExpressionParser. This manipulation causes injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. Patch name: 273fcedaee984c08197c0890f14190b86ab7e0b8. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. | |
| CVE-2026-5797 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.00 | Apr 17, 2026 | The Quiz And Survey Master plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary Shortcode Execution in versions up to and including 11.1.0. This is due to insufficient input sanitization and the execution of do_shortcode() on user-submitted quiz answer text. User-submitted answers pass through sanitize_text_field() and htmlspecialchars(), which only strip HTML tags but do not encode or remove shortcode brackets [ and ]. When quiz results are displayed, the plugin calls do_shortcode() on the entire results page output (including user answers), causing any injected shortcodes to be executed. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary WordPress shortcodes such as [qsm_result id=X] to access other users' quiz submissions without authorization, as the qsm_result shortcode lacks any authorization checks. | |
| CVE-2026-6219 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.00 | Apr 13, 2026 | A vulnerability was determined in aandrew-me ytDownloader up to 3.20.2. This affects the function child_process.exec of the file src/compressor.js of the component Compressor Feature. This manipulation causes command injection. The attack can only be executed locally. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure. | |
| CVE-2026-4530 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.00 | Mar 22, 2026 | A security flaw has been discovered in apconw Aix-DB up to 1.2.3. This impacts an unknown function of the file agent/text2sql/rag/terminology_retriever.py. Performing a manipulation of the argument Description results in sql injection. The attack requires a local approach. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. | |
| CVE-2026-4199 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.00 | Mar 16, 2026 | A vulnerability was identified in bazinga012 mcp_code_executor up to 0.3.0. Affected by this issue is the function installDependencies of the file src/index.ts. Such manipulation leads to command injection. The attack can only be performed from a local environment. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet. | |
| CVE-2026-4198 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.00 | Mar 16, 2026 | A vulnerability was determined in hypermodel-labs mcp-server-auto-commit 1.0.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function getGitChanges of the file index.ts. This manipulation causes command injection. The attack can only be executed locally. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Patch name: f7d992c830c5f2ec5749852e66c0195e3ed7fe30. Applying a patch is the recommended action to fix this issue. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet. | |
| CVE-2026-2178 | Med | 0.34 | 6.3 | 0.00 | Feb 8, 2026 | A vulnerability was found in r-huijts xcode-mcp-server up to f3419f00117aa9949e326f78cc940166c88f18cb. This affects the function registerXcodeTools of the file src/tools/xcode/index.ts of the component run_lldb. The manipulation of the argument args results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This product takes the approach of rolling releases to provide continious delivery. Therefore, version details for affected and updated releases are not available. The patch is identified as 11f8d6bacadd153beee649f92a78a9dad761f56f. Applying a patch is advised to resolve this issue. |