CWE-444
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Description
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Parents
Children
none
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-273 · CAPEC-33
CVEs mapped to this weakness (429)
page 10 of 22| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2026-11710 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Sep 18, 2026 | IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5 is affected by an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability due to improper handling of Content-Length headers. | ||
| CVE-2026-93573 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.01 | Sep 18, 2026 | A flaw was found in Netty's HTTP/1.1 decoder. This vulnerability allows a remote attacker to bypass `Transfer-Encoding` header validation by splitting the `Transfer-Encoding` field across multiple headers, with the last field containing a non-final transfer coding like `gzip` or… | ||
| CVE-2026-79713 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Sep 18, 2026 | The Breeze Cache WordPress plugin before 2.5.15 does not include a set of tracking-related query parameters in its page-cache key while still caching pages requested with them, allowing unauthenticated attackers to have a page rendered under their own request context stored… | ||
| CVE-2024-14029 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Sep 15, 2026 | Tornado before 6.4.1 ignores duplicate Transfer-Encoding: chunked headers, treating requests as having no message body and parsing the chunked body as a subsequent request. Attackers can exploit this inconsistency when Tornado is deployed behind proxies to perform HTTP request… | ||
| CVE-2023-54397 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Sep 15, 2026 | Tornado before 6.3.3 contains an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability due to improper parsing of Content-Length headers accepting non-standard characters. Attackers can send crafted HTTP requests with these characters to bypass proxy validation and smuggle requests when deployed… | ||
| CVE-2026-15634 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Sep 14, 2026 | IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 and IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty are vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling, caused by improper parsing of the HTTP transfer-encoding request header. By sending a specially crafted HTTP transfer-encoding request header,… | ||
| CVE-2026-15396 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Sep 14, 2026 | IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 and IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty are vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling, caused by improper parsing of the HTTP transfer-encoding request header. By sending a specially crafted HTTP transfer-encoding request header,… | ||
| CVE-2026-48743 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Jun 26, 2026 | Envoy is an open source edge and service proxy designed for cloud-native applications. Prior to 1.35.11, 1.36.7, 1.37.3, and 1.38.1, Envoy can translate a downstream HTTP/3 request that is complete at the transport layer (HEADERS with FIN / headers-only close) but still carries… | ||
| CVE-2026-48979 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Jun 17, 2026 | PHP Standard Library (PSL) is set of APIs covering async, collections, networking, I/O, cryptography, terminal UI, etc. In versions 6.1.0, 6.1.1 and 6.2.0, the Psl\H2\ServerConnection does not validate that the total bytes received in DATA frames match the content-length header… | ||
| CVE-2026-42585 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | May 13, 2026 | Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. Prior to 4.2.13.Final and 4.1.133.Final, Netty incorrectly parses malformed Transfer-Encoding, enabling request smuggling attacks. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.13.Final and 4.1.133.Final. | ||
| CVE-2026-42580 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | May 13, 2026 | Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. Prior to 4.2.13.Final and 4.1.133.Final, Netty's chunk size parser silently overflows int, enabling request smuggling attacks. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.13.Final and 4.1.133.Final. | ||
| CVE-2026-40560 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Apr 29, 2026 | Starman versions before 0.4018 for Perl allows HTTP Request Smuggling via Improper Header Precedence. Starman incorrectly prioritizes "Content-Length" over "Transfer-Encoding: chunked" when both headers are present in an HTTP request. Per RFC 7230 3.3.3, Transfer-Encoding must… | ||
| CVE-2026-24880 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Apr 9, 2026 | Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') vulnerability in Apache Tomcat via invalid chunk extension. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.18, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.52, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.115, from… | ||
| CVE-2025-65114 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Apr 2, 2026 | Apache Traffic Server allows request smuggling if chunked messages are malformed. This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 9.0.0 through 9.2.12, from 10.0.0 through 10.1.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.13 or 10.1.2, which fix the issue. | ||
| CVE-2026-33870 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Mar 27, 2026 | Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.132.Final and 4.2.10.Final, Netty incorrectly parses quoted strings in HTTP/1.1 chunked transfer encoding extension values, enabling request smuggling attacks. Versions 4.1.132.Final… | ||
| CVE-2025-59822 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Sep 23, 2025 | Http4s is a Scala interface for HTTP services. In versions from 1.0.0-M1 to before 1.0.0-M45 and before 0.23.31, http4s is vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to improper handling of HTTP trailer section. This vulnerability could enable attackers to bypass front-end servers… | ||
| CVE-2025-58056 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Sep 3, 2025 | Netty is an asynchronous event-driven network application framework for development of maintainable high performance protocol servers and clients. In versions 4.1.124.Final, and 4.2.0.Alpha3 through 4.2.4.Final, Netty incorrectly accepts standalone newline characters (LF) as a… | ||
| CVE-2025-53643 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Jul 14, 2025 | AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Prior to version 3.12.14, the Python parser is vulnerable to a request smuggling vulnerability due to not parsing trailer sections of an HTTP request. If a pure Python version of aiohttp is installed… | ||
| CVE-2025-49826 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Jul 3, 2025 | Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From versions 15.0.4-canary.51 to before 15.1.8, a cache poisoning bug leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition was found in Next.js. This issue does not impact customers hosted on Vercel. Under certain… | ||
| CVE-2025-23167 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.01 | May 19, 2025 | A flaw in Node.js 20's HTTP parser allows improper termination of HTTP/1 headers using `\r\n\rX` instead of the required `\r\n\r\n`. This inconsistency enables request smuggling, allowing attackers to bypass proxy-based access controls and submit unauthorized requests. The… |
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5 is affected by an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability due to improper handling of Content-Length headers.
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.01
A flaw was found in Netty's HTTP/1.1 decoder. This vulnerability allows a remote attacker to bypass `Transfer-Encoding` header validation by splitting the `Transfer-Encoding` field across multiple headers, with the last field containing a non-final transfer coding like `gzip` or…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
The Breeze Cache WordPress plugin before 2.5.15 does not include a set of tracking-related query parameters in its page-cache key while still caching pages requested with them, allowing unauthenticated attackers to have a page rendered under their own request context stored…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
Tornado before 6.4.1 ignores duplicate Transfer-Encoding: chunked headers, treating requests as having no message body and parsing the chunked body as a subsequent request. Attackers can exploit this inconsistency when Tornado is deployed behind proxies to perform HTTP request…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
Tornado before 6.3.3 contains an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability due to improper parsing of Content-Length headers accepting non-standard characters. Attackers can send crafted HTTP requests with these characters to bypass proxy validation and smuggle requests when deployed…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 and IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty are vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling, caused by improper parsing of the HTTP transfer-encoding request header. By sending a specially crafted HTTP transfer-encoding request header,…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 and IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty are vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling, caused by improper parsing of the HTTP transfer-encoding request header. By sending a specially crafted HTTP transfer-encoding request header,…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
Envoy is an open source edge and service proxy designed for cloud-native applications. Prior to 1.35.11, 1.36.7, 1.37.3, and 1.38.1, Envoy can translate a downstream HTTP/3 request that is complete at the transport layer (HEADERS with FIN / headers-only close) but still carries…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
PHP Standard Library (PSL) is set of APIs covering async, collections, networking, I/O, cryptography, terminal UI, etc. In versions 6.1.0, 6.1.1 and 6.2.0, the Psl\H2\ServerConnection does not validate that the total bytes received in DATA frames match the content-length header…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. Prior to 4.2.13.Final and 4.1.133.Final, Netty incorrectly parses malformed Transfer-Encoding, enabling request smuggling attacks. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.13.Final and 4.1.133.Final.
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. Prior to 4.2.13.Final and 4.1.133.Final, Netty's chunk size parser silently overflows int, enabling request smuggling attacks. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.13.Final and 4.1.133.Final.
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.01
Starman versions before 0.4018 for Perl allows HTTP Request Smuggling via Improper Header Precedence. Starman incorrectly prioritizes "Content-Length" over "Transfer-Encoding: chunked" when both headers are present in an HTTP request. Per RFC 7230 3.3.3, Transfer-Encoding must…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.01
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') vulnerability in Apache Tomcat via invalid chunk extension. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.18, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.52, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.115, from…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
Apache Traffic Server allows request smuggling if chunked messages are malformed. This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 9.0.0 through 9.2.12, from 10.0.0 through 10.1.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.13 or 10.1.2, which fix the issue.
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.01
Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.132.Final and 4.2.10.Final, Netty incorrectly parses quoted strings in HTTP/1.1 chunked transfer encoding extension values, enabling request smuggling attacks. Versions 4.1.132.Final…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
Http4s is a Scala interface for HTTP services. In versions from 1.0.0-M1 to before 1.0.0-M45 and before 0.23.31, http4s is vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to improper handling of HTTP trailer section. This vulnerability could enable attackers to bypass front-end servers…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.01
Netty is an asynchronous event-driven network application framework for development of maintainable high performance protocol servers and clients. In versions 4.1.124.Final, and 4.2.0.Alpha3 through 4.2.4.Final, Netty incorrectly accepts standalone newline characters (LF) as a…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Prior to version 3.12.14, the Python parser is vulnerable to a request smuggling vulnerability due to not parsing trailer sections of an HTTP request. If a pure Python version of aiohttp is installed…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.01
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From versions 15.0.4-canary.51 to before 15.1.8, a cache poisoning bug leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition was found in Next.js. This issue does not impact customers hosted on Vercel. Under certain…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.01
A flaw in Node.js 20's HTTP parser allows improper termination of HTTP/1 headers using `\r\n\rX` instead of the required `\r\n\r\n`. This inconsistency enables request smuggling, allowing attackers to bypass proxy-based access controls and submit unauthorized requests. The…