CWE-116
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Description
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-104 · CAPEC-73 · CAPEC-81 · CAPEC-85
CVEs mapped to this weakness (510)
page 20 of 26| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2026-40483 | Med | 0.28 | 5.4 | 0.00 | Apr 18, 2026 | ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. In versions prior to 7.2.0, the Pledge Editor renders donation comment values directly into HTML input value attributes without escaping via htmlspecialchars(). An authenticated user with Finance permissions can inject HTML… | ||
| CVE-2026-40021 | Med | 0.28 | 5.3 | 0.01 | Apr 10, 2026 | Apache Log4net's XmlLayout https://logging.apache.org/log4net/manual/configuration/layouts.html#layout-list and XmlLayoutSchemaLog4J https://logging.apache.org/log4net/manual/configuration/layouts.html#layout-list , in versions before 3.3.0, fail to sanitize characters… | ||
| CVE-2026-35208 | Med | 0.28 | 5.4 | 0.00 | Apr 6, 2026 | lichess.org is the forever free, adless and open source chess server. Any approved streamer can inject arbitrary HTML into /streamer and the homepage “Live streams” widget by placing markup in their Twitch/YouTube stream title. CSP is present and blocks inline script… | ||
| CVE-2026-33628 | Med | 0.28 | 5.4 | 0.00 | Mar 26, 2026 | Invoice Ninja is a source-available invoice, quote, project and time-tracking app built with Laravel. Invoice line item descriptions in Invoice Ninja v5.13.0 bypass the XSS denylist filter, allowing stored XSS payloads to execute when invoices are rendered in the PDF preview or… | ||
| CVE-2026-27016 | Med | 0.28 | 5.4 | 0.00 | Feb 20, 2026 | LibreNMS is an auto-discovering PHP/MySQL/SNMP based network monitoring tool. Versions 24.10.0 through 26.1.1 are vulnerable to Stored XSS via the unit parameter in Custom OID. The Custom OID functionality lacks strip_tags() sanitization while other fields (name, oid, datatype)… | ||
| CVE-2026-0818 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.00 | Jan 28, 2026 | When a user explicitly requested Thunderbird to decrypt an inline OpenPGP message that was embedded in a text section of an email that was formatted and styled with HTML and CSS, then the decrypted contents were rendered in a context in which the CSS styles from the outer… | ||
| CVE-2026-22712 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.00 | Jan 9, 2026 | Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output due to magic word replacement in ParserAfterTidy vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - ApprovedRevs Extension allows Input Data Manipulation.This issue affects Mediawiki - ApprovedRevs Extension: 1.45, 1.44, 1.43, 1.39. | ||
| CVE-2025-0607 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.00 | Oct 6, 2025 | Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Logo Software Inc. Logo Cloud allows Phishing. This issue affects Logo Cloud: before 2.57. | ||
| CVE-2025-8276 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.00 | Sep 16, 2025 | Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting'), Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output, Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') vulnerability in Patika Global Technologies… | ||
| CVE-2025-3942 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.00 | May 22, 2025 | Improper Output Neutralization for Logs vulnerability in Tridium Niagara Framework on Windows, Linux, QNX, Tridium Niagara Enterprise Security on Windows, Linux, QNX allows Input Data Manipulation. This issue affects Niagara Framework: before 4.14.2, before 4.15.1, before… | ||
| CVE-2024-21499 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.01 | Feb 17, 2024 | All versions of the package github.com/greenpau/caddy-security are vulnerable to HTTP Header Injection via the X-Forwarded-Proto header due to redirecting to the injected protocol.Exploiting this vulnerability could lead to bypass of security mechanisms or confusion in handling… | ||
| CVE-2023-40014 | Med | 0.28 | 5.3 | 0.01 | Aug 10, 2023 | OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. Starting in version 4.0.0 and prior to version 4.9.3, contracts using `ERC2771Context` along with a custom trusted forwarder may see `_msgSender` return `address(0)` in calls that originate from the… | ||
| CVE-2023-3552 | Med | 0.28 | 5.4 | 0.01 | Jul 8, 2023 | Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output in GitHub repository nilsteampassnet/teampass prior to 3.0.10. | ||
| CVE-2015-10040 | Med | 0.28 | 5.4 | 0.01 | Jan 13, 2023 | A vulnerability was found in gitlearn. It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects the function getGrade/getOutOf of the file scripts/config.sh of the component Escape Sequence Handler. The manipulation leads to injection. The attack can be initiated… | ||
| CVE-2022-2619 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.00 | Aug 12, 2022 | Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Settings in Google Chrome prior to 104.0.5112.79 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to inject scripts or HTML into a privileged page via a crafted HTML page. | ||
| CVE-2021-23266 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.01 | May 16, 2022 | An anonymous user can craft a URL with text that ends up in the log viewer as is. The text can then include textual messages to mislead the administrator. | ||
| CVE-2020-27958 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.01 | Feb 26, 2022 | The Job Composer app in Ohio Supercomputer Center Open OnDemand before 1.7.19 and 1.8.x before 1.8.18 allows remote authenticated users to provide crafted input in a job template. | ||
| CVE-2021-38751 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.02 | Aug 16, 2021 | A HTTP Host header attack exists in ExponentCMS 2.6 and below in /exponent_constants.php. A modified HTTP header can change links on the webpage to an arbitrary value, leading to a possible attack vector for MITM. | ||
| CVE-2021-30589 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.02 | Aug 3, 2021 | Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Sharing in Google Chrome prior to 92.0.4515.107 allowed a remote attacker to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted click-to-call link. | ||
| CVE-2020-4282 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.01 | Apr 8, 2020 | IBM Security Information Queue (ISIQ) 1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.2, 1.0.3, 1.0.4, and 1.0.5 could allow an authenticated user to perform unauthorized actions by bypassing illegal character restrictions. X-Force ID: 176205. |
- risk 0.28cvss 5.4epss 0.00
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. In versions prior to 7.2.0, the Pledge Editor renders donation comment values directly into HTML input value attributes without escaping via htmlspecialchars(). An authenticated user with Finance permissions can inject HTML…
- risk 0.28cvss 5.3epss 0.01
Apache Log4net's XmlLayout https://logging.apache.org/log4net/manual/configuration/layouts.html#layout-list and XmlLayoutSchemaLog4J https://logging.apache.org/log4net/manual/configuration/layouts.html#layout-list , in versions before 3.3.0, fail to sanitize characters…
- risk 0.28cvss 5.4epss 0.00
lichess.org is the forever free, adless and open source chess server. Any approved streamer can inject arbitrary HTML into /streamer and the homepage “Live streams” widget by placing markup in their Twitch/YouTube stream title. CSP is present and blocks inline script…
- risk 0.28cvss 5.4epss 0.00
Invoice Ninja is a source-available invoice, quote, project and time-tracking app built with Laravel. Invoice line item descriptions in Invoice Ninja v5.13.0 bypass the XSS denylist filter, allowing stored XSS payloads to execute when invoices are rendered in the PDF preview or…
- risk 0.28cvss 5.4epss 0.00
LibreNMS is an auto-discovering PHP/MySQL/SNMP based network monitoring tool. Versions 24.10.0 through 26.1.1 are vulnerable to Stored XSS via the unit parameter in Custom OID. The Custom OID functionality lacks strip_tags() sanitization while other fields (name, oid, datatype)…
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.00
When a user explicitly requested Thunderbird to decrypt an inline OpenPGP message that was embedded in a text section of an email that was formatted and styled with HTML and CSS, then the decrypted contents were rendered in a context in which the CSS styles from the outer…
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.00
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output due to magic word replacement in ParserAfterTidy vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - ApprovedRevs Extension allows Input Data Manipulation.This issue affects Mediawiki - ApprovedRevs Extension: 1.45, 1.44, 1.43, 1.39.
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.00
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Logo Software Inc. Logo Cloud allows Phishing. This issue affects Logo Cloud: before 2.57.
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.00
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting'), Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output, Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') vulnerability in Patika Global Technologies…
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.00
Improper Output Neutralization for Logs vulnerability in Tridium Niagara Framework on Windows, Linux, QNX, Tridium Niagara Enterprise Security on Windows, Linux, QNX allows Input Data Manipulation. This issue affects Niagara Framework: before 4.14.2, before 4.15.1, before…
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.01
All versions of the package github.com/greenpau/caddy-security are vulnerable to HTTP Header Injection via the X-Forwarded-Proto header due to redirecting to the injected protocol.Exploiting this vulnerability could lead to bypass of security mechanisms or confusion in handling…
- risk 0.28cvss 5.3epss 0.01
OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for secure smart contract development. Starting in version 4.0.0 and prior to version 4.9.3, contracts using `ERC2771Context` along with a custom trusted forwarder may see `_msgSender` return `address(0)` in calls that originate from the…
- risk 0.28cvss 5.4epss 0.01
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output in GitHub repository nilsteampassnet/teampass prior to 3.0.10.
- risk 0.28cvss 5.4epss 0.01
A vulnerability was found in gitlearn. It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects the function getGrade/getOutOf of the file scripts/config.sh of the component Escape Sequence Handler. The manipulation leads to injection. The attack can be initiated…
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.00
Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Settings in Google Chrome prior to 104.0.5112.79 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to inject scripts or HTML into a privileged page via a crafted HTML page.
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.01
An anonymous user can craft a URL with text that ends up in the log viewer as is. The text can then include textual messages to mislead the administrator.
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.01
The Job Composer app in Ohio Supercomputer Center Open OnDemand before 1.7.19 and 1.8.x before 1.8.18 allows remote authenticated users to provide crafted input in a job template.
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.02
A HTTP Host header attack exists in ExponentCMS 2.6 and below in /exponent_constants.php. A modified HTTP header can change links on the webpage to an arbitrary value, leading to a possible attack vector for MITM.
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.02
Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Sharing in Google Chrome prior to 92.0.4515.107 allowed a remote attacker to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted click-to-call link.
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.01
IBM Security Information Queue (ISIQ) 1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.2, 1.0.3, 1.0.4, and 1.0.5 could allow an authenticated user to perform unauthorized actions by bypassing illegal character restrictions. X-Force ID: 176205.