VYPR

CWE-470

Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')

BaseDraft

Description

The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.

If the product uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the product to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the product's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the product's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the product.

Hierarchy (View 1000)

Children

none

Related attack patterns (CAPEC)

CAPEC-138

CVEs mapped to this weakness (84)

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  • CVE-2019-3834HigOct 3, 2019
    risk 0.48cvss 7.3epss 0.01

    It was found that the fix for CVE-2014-0114 had been reverted in JBoss Operations Network 3 (JON). This flaw allows attackers to manipulate ClassLoader properties on a vulnerable server. Exploits that have been published rely on ClassLoader properties that are exposed such as…

  • CVE-2026-17593HigAug 7, 2026
    risk 0.47cvss epss 0.00

    An account holding the nexus:settings:update permission in Nexus Repository 3 (or the equivalent nexus:settings permission in the legacy Nexus Repository 2) could submit arbitrary values as realm identifiers through an internal configuration API that did not validate them…

  • CVE-2026-6020HigAug 5, 2026
    risk 0.47cvss 7.2epss 0.01

    The ShopLentor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary function execution via the woolentoropt/v1/custom-action REST API endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.7. This is due to the handle_action() method passing user-supplied input directly to…

  • CVE-2023-34102HigJun 5, 2023
    risk 0.47cvss 8.3epss 0.02

    Avo is an open source ruby on rails admin panel creation framework. The polymorphic field type stores the classes to operate on when updating a record with user input, and does not validate them in the back end. This can lead to unexpected behavior, remote code execution, or…

  • CVE-2026-8178HigMay 8, 2026
    risk 0.46cvss 8.1epss 0.01

    An issue exists in Amazon Redshift JDBC Driver versions prior to 2.2.2. Under certain conditions, the driver could load and execute arbitrary classes when processing JDBC connection URL parameters. An actor who can influence the connection URL could potentially execute code in…

  • CVE-2026-41175HigApr 22, 2026
    risk 0.46cvss 8.1epss 0.00

    Statamic is a Laravel and Git powered content management system (CMS). Prior to versions 5.73.20 and 6.13.0, manipulating query parameters on Control Panel and REST API endpoints, or arguments in GraphQL queries, could result in the loss of content, assets, and user accounts.…

  • CVE-2024-53850HigDec 26, 2024
    risk 0.46cvss 8.2epss 0.01

    The Addressing GLPI plugin enables you to create IP reports for visualize IP addresses used and free on a given network.. Starting with 3.0.0 and before 3.0.3, a poor security check allows an unauthenticated attacker to determine whether data exists (by name) in GLPI.

  • CVE-2026-23923MedMar 24, 2026
    risk 0.45cvss epss 0.00

    An unauthenticated attacker can exploit the Frontend 'validate' action to blindly instantiate arbitrary PHP classes. The impact depends on environment setup but appears limited at this time.

  • CVE-2025-12967HigNov 10, 2025
    risk 0.45cvss 8.0epss 0.00

    An issue in AWS Wrappers for Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL may allow for privilege escalation to rds_superuser role. A low privilege authenticated user can create a crafted function that could be executed with permissions of other Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) users. We…

  • CVE-2026-58659HigJul 15, 2026
    risk 0.44cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    PyTorch Lightning through 2.6.5, fixed in commit d710d68, contains a remote code execution vulnerability in the _load_state function that imports and executes attacker-controlled module names from checkpoint _instantiator hyperparameters. Attackers can craft malicious checkpoint…

  • CVE-2024-1574MedJul 4, 2024
    risk 0.44cvss 6.7epss 0.00

    Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in the licensing feature of Mitsubishi Electric GENESIS64 versions 10.97.2 and prior, Mitsubishi Electric ICONICS Suite versions 10.97.2 and prior, Mitsubishi Electric Hyper…

  • CVE-2021-21327MedMar 8, 2021
    risk 0.44cvss 6.8epss 0.02

    GLPI is an open-source asset and IT management software package that provides ITIL Service Desk features, licenses tracking and software auditing. In GLPI before version 9.5.4 non-authenticated user can remotely instantiate object of any class existing in the GLPI environment…

  • CVE-2026-34216MedMay 19, 2026
    risk 0.43cvss 6.6epss 0.01

    CtrlPanel is open-source billing software for hosting providers. In versions 1.1.1 and prior, the admin settings update endpoint accepted a fully qualified class name directly from user-supplied request input and used it for dynamic static method calls and object instantiation…

  • CVE-2026-61536HigJul 30, 2026
    risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00

    Banks generates meaningful LLM prompts using a simple template language. In versions prior to 2.4.3, banks parses Tool JSON objects from the rendered body of {% completion %} blocks and later resolves their import_path field through importlib.import_module(...) + getattr(...) to…

  • CVE-2026-55153HigJul 1, 2026
    risk 0.42cvss 7.1epss 0.00

    mchange-commons-java is a Java library of shared utility classes used by mchange projects like the c3p0 connection pool. Prior to version 0.6.0, its JNDI ObjectFactory implementation (com.mchange.v2.naming.JavaBeanObjectFactory) will construct objects of arbitrary classes and…

  • CVE-2025-31119HigApr 3, 2025
    risk 0.42cvss 7.6epss 0.00

    generator-jhipster-entity-audit is a JHipster module to enable entity audit and audit log page. Prior to 5.9.1, generator-jhipster-entity-audit allows unsafe reflection when having Javers selected as Entity Audit Framework. If an attacker manages to place some malicious classes…

  • CVE-2023-37207MedJul 5, 2023
    risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.01

    A website could have obscured the fullscreen notification by using a URL with a scheme handled by an external program, such as a mailto URL. This could have led to user confusion and possible spoofing attacks. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 115, Firefox ESR < 102.13, and…

  • CVE-2026-49287HigJun 19, 2026
    risk 0.41cvss 7.4epss 0.00

    Statamic is a Laravel and Git powered content management system (CMS). Prior to 5.73.23 and 6.20.0, the fix for CVE-2026-41175 was incomplete. It addressed the issue in the query builder, but the same protection was not applied to in-memory collection sorting. Manipulating sort…

  • CVE-2018-25239MedApr 4, 2026
    risk 0.40cvss 6.2epss 0.00

    Smart VPN 1.1.3.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows local attackers to crash the application by submitting oversized input through the search interface. Attackers can paste a buffer of 2100 characters into the top right search bar to trigger an unhandled…

  • CVE-2026-33157HigMar 24, 2026
    risk 0.40cvss 7.2epss 0.01

    Craft CMS is a content management system (CMS). From version 5.6.0 to before version 5.9.13, a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in Craft CMS, it can be exploited by any authenticated user with control panel access. This is a bypass of a previous fix. The existing…