VYPR

CWE-470

Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')

BaseDraft

Description

The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.

If the product uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the product to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the product's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the product's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the product.

Hierarchy (View 1000)

Children

none

Related attack patterns (CAPEC)

CAPEC-138

CVEs mapped to this weakness (108)

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  • CVE-2022-26469HigSep 6, 2022
    risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00

    In MtkEmail, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to fragment injection. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07216598; Issue ID: ALPS07216598.

  • CVE-2018-5511HigApr 13, 2018
    risk 0.51cvss 7.2epss 0.14

    On F5 BIG-IP 13.1.0-13.1.0.3 or 13.0.0, when authenticated administrative users execute commands in the Traffic Management User Interface (TMUI), also referred to as the BIG-IP Configuration utility, restrictions on allowed commands may not be enforced.

  • CVE-2026-61599HigSep 16, 2026
    risk 0.50cvss —epss 0.00

    djust provides Phoenix LiveView-style reactive server-side rendering for Django with Rust-powered performance. Prior to version 1.0.7, the djust live transport resolves the LiveView to mount from a client-supplied dotted path by calling `__import__(module_path, ...)`. The module…

  • CVE-2026-86792HigSep 16, 2026
    risk 0.50cvss 8.8epss 0.01

    Apache Airflow Apache Kafka provider versions 1.15.0 before 2.0.0 resolve dotted-path strings found in a Kafka connection's `extra` field into Python callables via `import_string`, with no allowlist, and hand them to the confluent-kafka client which invokes them. Deployments…

  • CVE-2026-79987HigSep 10, 2026
    risk 0.50cvss 8.8epss 0.00

    A remote, authenticated, non-admin Craft CMS Control Panel user with only the accessCp permission can execute operating system commands as the PHP web worker.

  • CVE-2026-65608HigJul 23, 2026
    risk 0.50cvss 8.8epss 0.01

    Grav versions >= 1.7.0 and before 2.0.9 contain a remote code execution vulnerability. FlexDirectory::dynamicDataField() resolves blueprint data-*@: directives by calling call_user_func_array() on attacker-influenced input, validating only that the target is callable…

  • CVE-2026-44174HigJul 16, 2026
    risk 0.50cvss —epss 0.00

    Kirby is an open-source content management system. Prior to 4.9.1 and 5.4.1, Kirby did not validate the model attributes that were used in its collection queries, allowing attackers to include arbitrary model methods in their queries. This includes methods with sensitive data…

  • CVE-2026-44795HigJul 10, 2026
    risk 0.50cvss 8.8epss 0.01

    Spinnaker is an open source, multi-cloud continuous delivery platform. Prior to 2026.1.0, 2026.0.3, 2025.4.4, and 2025.3.3, unsafe YAML processing bypasses safe deserialization when using CloudFormation deployments or CloudFoundry baking. The use of a non-safe constructor allows…

  • CVE-2026-14380HigJul 7, 2026
    risk 0.50cvss 8.8epss 0.01

    DBI versions before 1.650 for Perl are vulnerable to code injection via caller-influenced Profile. When a string is assigned to a DBI handle's Profile attribute, DBI splits it into path, package and arguments, and interpolates the package part in a string eval with no…

  • CVE-2025-3600HigMay 14, 2025
    risk 0.50cvss 7.5epss 0.24

    In Progress® Telerik® UI for AJAX, versions 2011.2.712 to 2025.1.218, an unsafe reflection vulnerability exists that may lead to an unhandled exception resulting in a crash of the hosting process and denial of service.

  • CVE-2024-28121HigMar 12, 2024
    risk 0.50cvss 8.8epss 0.02

    stimulus_reflex is a system to extend the capabilities of both Rails and Stimulus by intercepting user interactions and passing them to Rails over real-time websockets. In affected versions more methods than expected can be called on reflex instances. Being able to call some of…

  • CVE-2019-10174HigNov 25, 2019
    risk 0.50cvss 8.8epss 0.03

    A vulnerability was found in Infinispan such that the invokeAccessibly method from the public class ReflectionUtil allows any application class to invoke private methods in any class with Infinispan's privileges. The attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious…

  • CVE-2026-10853HigSep 18, 2026
    risk 0.49cvss 7.5epss 0.00

    IBM MQ could allow an authenticated attacker with cluster access to cause a denial of service or potentially execute arbitrary code due to improper validation of cluster command message lengths.

  • CVE-2026-48517HigJun 22, 2026
    risk 0.49cvss 7.5epss 0.00

    MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePack-CSharp's typeless deserialization includes MessagePackSerializerOptions.ThrowIfDeserializingTypeIsDisallowed(Type) as a safety check for dangerous types. The default implementation…

  • CVE-2026-48502HigJun 22, 2026
    risk 0.49cvss 7.5epss 0.00

    MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePackReader.ReadDateTime() can allocate stack memory based on an attacker-controlled MessagePack extension length. In the slow path for timestamp extension parsing, the computed tokenSize…

  • CVE-2026-44011HigMay 12, 2026
    risk 0.49cvss —epss 0.00

    Craft CMS is a content management system (CMS). From 4.0.0 to before 4.17.12 and 5.9.18, Craft CMS which contains an input-handling flaw in a Yii object creation path that let any authenticated user inject malicious configuration and execute arbitrary commands on the server. The…

  • CVE-2026-44339HigMay 8, 2026
    risk 0.49cvss 8.6epss 0.00

    PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37, praisonaiagents resolves unresolved tool names against module globals and __main__ after it fails to match the declared tool list and the registry. With the default…

  • CVE-2020-7857HigApr 20, 2021
    risk 0.49cvss 7.5epss 0.01

    A vulnerability of XPlatform could allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary command. This vulnerability exists due to insufficient validation of improper classes. This issue affects: Tobesoft XPlatform versions prior to 9.2.2.280.

  • CVE-2026-76825HigSep 16, 2026
    risk 0.48cvss 8.4epss 0.01

    RestrictedPython is a tool that helps define a subset of the Python language for accepting program input in a trusted environment. Prior to 8.4, RestrictedPython could allow a sandbox escape when a custom import policy or globals exposed the standard library string module, the…

  • CVE-2019-3834HigOct 3, 2019
    risk 0.48cvss 7.3epss 0.01

    It was found that the fix for CVE-2014-0114 had been reverted in JBoss Operations Network 3 (JON). This flaw allows attackers to manipulate ClassLoader properties on a vulnerable server. Exploits that have been published rely on ClassLoader properties that are exposed such as…