VYPR

CWE-470

Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')

BaseDraft

Description

The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.

If the product uses external inputs to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, then an attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the product to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the product's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the product's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the product.

Hierarchy (View 1000)

Children

none

Related attack patterns (CAPEC)

CAPEC-138

CVEs mapped to this weakness (108)

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  • CVE-2021-21985CriKEVMay 26, 2021
    risk 0.93cvss 9.8epss 1.00

    The vSphere Client (HTML5) contains a remote code execution vulnerability due to lack of input validation in the Virtual SAN Health Check plug-in which is enabled by default in vCenter Server. A malicious actor with network access to port 443 may exploit this issue to execute…

  • CVE-2026-82078CriKEVAug 28, 2026
    risk 0.67cvss 9.1epss 0.04

    An unsafe dynamic class loading vulnerability exists in the database connection utilities of PaperCut MF and PaperCut NG. The application instantiates database driver classes based on configurable driver names without validating against an allowlist of approved drivers. If an…

  • CVE-2025-53693CriSep 3, 2025
    risk 0.65cvss 9.8epss 0.15

    Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Sitecore Sitecore Experience Manager (XM), Sitecore Experience Platform (XP) allows Cache Poisoning.This issue affects Sitecore Experience Manager (XM): from 9.0 through 9.3, from…

  • CVE-2026-93762CriSep 18, 2026
    risk 0.64cvss 9.8epss 0.01

    Mongoid contains an unsafe reflection weakness in the query path used for embedded documents. An application that passes an externally supplied field name to certain in-memory query methods may allow an unauthenticated party to obtain unintended disclosure of stored document…

  • CVE-2026-41871CriSep 9, 2026
    risk 0.64cvss 9.8epss 0.01

    Missing Authorization, Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Apache Nutch Server (Nutch REST API). This issue affects Apache Nutch: from 1.10 through 1.22. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.23,…

  • CVE-2026-44416CriAug 10, 2026
    risk 0.64cvss 9.8epss 0.01

    Remote Code Execution via Arbitrary Class Instantiation in plugin-schema-registry component in Apache Ranger <= 2.8.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.9.0, which fixes this issue.

  • CVE-2026-46562CriJul 16, 2026
    risk 0.64cvss 9.8epss 0.01

    Yamcs is a mission control framework. Prior to 5.12.7, the Nashorn ScriptEngine used to evaluate user-supplied JavaScript algorithm text in yamcs-core/src/main/java/org/yamcs/algorithms/ScriptAlgorithmExecutorFactory.java was constructed without a ClassFilter, so a user with the…

  • CVE-2025-34393CriDec 10, 2025
    risk 0.64cvss 9.8epss 0.01

    Barracuda Service Center, as implemented in the RMM solution, in versions prior to 2025.1.1, does not correctly verify the name of an attacker-controlled WSDL service, leading to insecure reflection. This can result in remote code execution through either invocation of arbitrary…

  • CVE-2023-6943CriJan 30, 2024
    risk 0.64cvss 9.8epss 0.02

    Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Mitsubishi Electric Corporation EZSocket versions 3.0 to 5.92, GT Designer3 Version1(GOT1000) versions 1.325P and prior, GT Designer3 Version1(GOT2000) versions 1.320J and prior,…

  • CVE-2021-31522CriJan 6, 2022
    risk 0.64cvss 9.8epss 0.03

    Kylin can receive user input and load any class through Class.forName(...). This issue affects Apache Kylin 2 version 2.6.6 and prior versions; Apache Kylin 3 version 3.1.2 and prior versions; Apache Kylin 4 version 4.0.0 and prior versions.

  • CVE-2026-93765CriSep 18, 2026
    risk 0.59cvss 9.1epss 0.01

    Mongoid contains an unsafe reflection weakness in the document persistence layer of its object-document mapping code. Input whose keys are passed through from an unauthenticated party by an embedding application can cause unintended internal method invocation instead of the…

  • CVE-2026-13051CriAug 13, 2026
    risk 0.59cvss 9.1epss 0.01

    Form::Processor::Field::HtmlArea versions from 0.06 through 1.162360 for Perl allow attacker selected method dispatch and resource exhaustion via an HTML::Tidy diagnostic that validate passes to add_error as a Locale::Maketext template. validate runs HTML::Tidy over the…

  • CVE-2025-63690CriNov 7, 2025
    risk 0.59cvss 9.1epss 0.01

    In pig-mesh Pig versions 3.8.2 and below, when setting up scheduled tasks in the Quartz management function under the system management module, it is possible to execute any Java class with a parameterless constructor and its methods with parameter type String through…

  • CVE-2024-4990CriMar 20, 2025
    risk 0.59cvss 9.1epss 0.80

    In yiisoft/yii2 version 2.0.48, the base Component class contains a vulnerability where the `__set()` magic method does not validate that the value passed is a valid Behavior class name or configuration. This allows an attacker to instantiate arbitrary classes, passing…

  • CVE-2024-8015CriOct 9, 2024
    risk 0.59cvss 9.1epss 0.01

    In Progress Telerik Report Server versions prior to 2024 Q3 (10.2.24.924), a remote code execution attack is possible through object injection via an insecure type resolution vulnerability.

  • CVE-2023-32217CriJun 5, 2023
    risk 0.59cvss 9.0epss 0.01

    IdentityIQ 8.3 and all 8.3 patch levels prior to 8.3p3, IdentityIQ 8.2 and all 8.2 patch levels prior to 8.2p6, IdentityIQ 8.1 and all 8.1 patch levels prior to 8.1p7, IdentityIQ 8.0 and all 8.0 patch levels prior to 8.0p6 allow an authenticated user to invoke a Java…

  • CVE-2022-30287HigJul 28, 2022
    risk 0.58cvss 8.0epss 0.71

    Horde Groupware Webmail Edition through 5.2.22 allows a reflection injection attack through which an attacker can instantiate a driver class. This then leads to arbitrary deserialization of PHP objects.

  • CVE-2026-78030CriSep 19, 2026
    risk 0.57cvss 9.8epss 0.00

    DBI versions before 1.653 for Perl load arbitrary modules via unvalidated dbm_type and dbm_mldbm attributes in DBD::DBM. DBD::DBM passes the dbm_type and dbm_mldbm connect attributes to require without checking that the value names a module. require treats a path-shaped string…

  • CVE-2026-62379CriSep 15, 2026
    risk 0.57cvss 9.8epss 0.01

    Open Access Management (OpenAM) is an access management solution. Prior to 16.1.2, the pre-authentication /authservice PLL endpoint accepts a CustomCallback XML element whose className value selects an arbitrary Java class for AuthXMLUtils to load and instantiate without…

  • CVE-2026-41870HigSep 9, 2026
    risk 0.57cvss 8.8epss 0.01

    Missing Authorization, Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection'), Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources, Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Apache Nutch Server (Nutch REST API). …