CWE-116
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Description
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-104 · CAPEC-73 · CAPEC-81 · CAPEC-85
CVEs mapped to this weakness (510)
page 11 of 26| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2026-34481 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Apr 10, 2026 | Apache Log4j's JsonTemplateLayout https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/json-template-layout.html , in versions up to and including 2.25.3, produces invalid JSON output when log events contain non-finite floating-point values (NaN, Infinity, or -Infinity), which are… | ||
| CVE-2026-34480 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Apr 10, 2026 | Apache Log4j Core's XmlLayout https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/layouts.html#XmlLayout , in versions up to and including 2.25.3, fails to sanitize characters forbidden by the XML 1.0 specification https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#charsets producing invalid XML output… | ||
| CVE-2026-34479 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Apr 10, 2026 | The Log4j1XmlLayout from the Apache Log4j 1-to-Log4j 2 bridge fails to escape characters forbidden by the XML 1.0 standard, producing malformed XML output. Conforming XML parsers are required to reject documents containing such characters with a fatal error, which may cause… | ||
| CVE-2026-34483 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Apr 9, 2026 | Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in the JsonAccessLogValve component of Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.20, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.53, from 9.0.40 through 9.0.116. Users are recommended to upgrade to… | ||
| CVE-2026-35534 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.6 | 0.00 | Apr 7, 2026 | ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability exists in PersonView.php due to incorrect use of sanitizeText() as an output sanitizer for HTML attribute context. The function only strips HTML tags, it does not… | ||
| CVE-2026-26027 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Apr 6, 2026 | GLPI is a free asset and IT management software package. From 11.0.0 to before 11.0.6, an unauthenticated user can store an XSS payload through the inventory endpoint. This vulnerability is fixed in 11.0.6. | ||
| CVE-2026-3644 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Mar 16, 2026 | The fix for CVE-2026-0672, which rejected control characters in http.cookies.Morsel, was incomplete. The Morsel.update(), |= operator, and unpickling paths were not patched, allowing control characters to bypass input validation. Additionally, BaseCookie.js_output() lacked the… | ||
| CVE-2026-27013 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.6 | 0.00 | Feb 19, 2026 | Fabric.js is a Javascript HTML5 canvas library. Prior to version 7.2.0, Fabric.js applies `escapeXml()` to text content during SVG export (`src/shapes/Text/TextSVGExportMixin.ts:186`) but fails to apply it to other user-controlled string values that are interpolated into SVG… | ||
| CVE-2026-24439 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Jan 26, 2026 | Shenzhen Tenda W30E V2 firmware versions up to and including V16.01.0.19(5037) fail to include the X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff response header on web management interfaces. As a result, browsers that perform MIME sniffing may incorrectly interpret attacker-influenced… | ||
| CVE-2025-48007 | Med | 0.42 | 6.4 | 0.00 | Sep 19, 2025 | Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Hallo Welt! GmbH BlueSpice (Extension:BlueSpiceAvatars) allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). This issue affects BlueSpice: from 5 through 5.1.1. | ||
| CVE-2025-46703 | Med | 0.42 | 6.4 | 0.00 | Sep 19, 2025 | Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Hallo Welt! GmbH BlueSpice (Extension:AtMentions) allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). This issue affects BlueSpice: from 5 through 5.1.1. | ||
| CVE-2025-6429 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Jun 24, 2025 | Firefox could have incorrectly parsed a URL and rewritten it to the youtube.com domain when parsing the URL specified in an `embed` tag. This could have bypassed website security checks that restricted which domains users were allowed to embed. This vulnerability was fixed in… | ||
| CVE-2025-5271 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | May 27, 2025 | Previewing a response in Devtools ignored CSP headers, which could have allowed content injection attacks. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 139 and Thunderbird 139. | ||
| CVE-2024-9606 | Hig | 0.42 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Mar 20, 2025 | In berriai/litellm before version 1.44.12, the `litellm/litellm_core_utils/litellm_logging.py` file contains a vulnerability where the API key masking code only masks the first 5 characters of the key. This results in the leakage of almost the entire API key in the logs,… | ||
| CVE-2024-47224 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Oct 21, 2024 | A vulnerability in the AWV (Audio, Web and Video Conferencing) component of Mitel MiCollab through 9.8 SP1 FP2 (9.8.1.201) could allow an unauthenticated attacker to conduct a CRLF injection attack due to inadequate encoding of user input in URLs. A successful exploit could… | ||
| CVE-2023-45359 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Oct 9, 2024 | An issue was discovered in the Vector Skin component for MediaWiki before 1.39.5 and 1.40.x before 1.40.1. vector-toc-toggle-button-label is not escaped, but should be, because the line param can have markup. | ||
| CVE-2024-45808 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Sep 20, 2024 | Envoy is a cloud-native high-performance edge/middle/service proxy. A vulnerability has been identified in Envoy that allows malicious attackers to inject unexpected content into access logs. This is achieved by exploiting the lack of validation for the `REQUESTED_SERVER_NAME`… | ||
| CVE-2024-39736 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.00 | Jul 15, 2024 | IBM Datacap Navigator 9.1.5, 9.1.6, 9.1.7, 9.1.8, and 9.1.9 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting,… | ||
| CVE-2024-29156 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.01 | Mar 18, 2024 | In OpenStack Murano through 16.0.0, when YAQL before 3.0.0 is used, the Murano service's MuranoPL extension to the YAQL language fails to sanitize the supplied environment, leading to potential leakage of sensitive service account information. | ||
| CVE-2023-40453 | Med | 0.42 | 6.5 | 0.01 | Nov 7, 2023 | Docker Machine through 0.16.2 allows an attacker, who has control of a worker node, to provide crafted version data, which might potentially trick an administrator into performing an unsafe action (via escape sequence injection), or might have a data size that causes a denial of… |
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.01
Apache Log4j's JsonTemplateLayout https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/json-template-layout.html , in versions up to and including 2.25.3, produces invalid JSON output when log events contain non-finite floating-point values (NaN, Infinity, or -Infinity), which are…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.01
Apache Log4j Core's XmlLayout https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/layouts.html#XmlLayout , in versions up to and including 2.25.3, fails to sanitize characters forbidden by the XML 1.0 specification https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#charsets producing invalid XML output…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.01
The Log4j1XmlLayout from the Apache Log4j 1-to-Log4j 2 bridge fails to escape characters forbidden by the XML 1.0 standard, producing malformed XML output. Conforming XML parsers are required to reject documents containing such characters with a fatal error, which may cause…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in the JsonAccessLogValve component of Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.20, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.53, from 9.0.40 through 9.0.116. Users are recommended to upgrade to…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.6epss 0.00
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability exists in PersonView.php due to incorrect use of sanitizeText() as an output sanitizer for HTML attribute context. The function only strips HTML tags, it does not…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
GLPI is a free asset and IT management software package. From 11.0.0 to before 11.0.6, an unauthenticated user can store an XSS payload through the inventory endpoint. This vulnerability is fixed in 11.0.6.
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.00
The fix for CVE-2026-0672, which rejected control characters in http.cookies.Morsel, was incomplete. The Morsel.update(), |= operator, and unpickling paths were not patched, allowing control characters to bypass input validation. Additionally, BaseCookie.js_output() lacked the…
- risk 0.42cvss 7.6epss 0.00
Fabric.js is a Javascript HTML5 canvas library. Prior to version 7.2.0, Fabric.js applies `escapeXml()` to text content during SVG export (`src/shapes/Text/TextSVGExportMixin.ts:186`) but fails to apply it to other user-controlled string values that are interpolated into SVG…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Shenzhen Tenda W30E V2 firmware versions up to and including V16.01.0.19(5037) fail to include the X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff response header on web management interfaces. As a result, browsers that perform MIME sniffing may incorrectly interpret attacker-influenced…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.4epss 0.00
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Hallo Welt! GmbH BlueSpice (Extension:BlueSpiceAvatars) allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). This issue affects BlueSpice: from 5 through 5.1.1.
- risk 0.42cvss 6.4epss 0.00
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Hallo Welt! GmbH BlueSpice (Extension:AtMentions) allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). This issue affects BlueSpice: from 5 through 5.1.1.
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Firefox could have incorrectly parsed a URL and rewritten it to the youtube.com domain when parsing the URL specified in an `embed` tag. This could have bypassed website security checks that restricted which domains users were allowed to embed. This vulnerability was fixed in…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Previewing a response in Devtools ignored CSP headers, which could have allowed content injection attacks. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 139 and Thunderbird 139.
- risk 0.42cvss 7.5epss 0.01
In berriai/litellm before version 1.44.12, the `litellm/litellm_core_utils/litellm_logging.py` file contains a vulnerability where the API key masking code only masks the first 5 characters of the key. This results in the leakage of almost the entire API key in the logs,…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
A vulnerability in the AWV (Audio, Web and Video Conferencing) component of Mitel MiCollab through 9.8 SP1 FP2 (9.8.1.201) could allow an unauthenticated attacker to conduct a CRLF injection attack due to inadequate encoding of user input in URLs. A successful exploit could…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
An issue was discovered in the Vector Skin component for MediaWiki before 1.39.5 and 1.40.x before 1.40.1. vector-toc-toggle-button-label is not escaped, but should be, because the line param can have markup.
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
Envoy is a cloud-native high-performance edge/middle/service proxy. A vulnerability has been identified in Envoy that allows malicious attackers to inject unexpected content into access logs. This is achieved by exploiting the lack of validation for the `REQUESTED_SERVER_NAME`…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.00
IBM Datacap Navigator 9.1.5, 9.1.6, 9.1.7, 9.1.8, and 9.1.9 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting,…
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.01
In OpenStack Murano through 16.0.0, when YAQL before 3.0.0 is used, the Murano service's MuranoPL extension to the YAQL language fails to sanitize the supplied environment, leading to potential leakage of sensitive service account information.
- risk 0.42cvss 6.5epss 0.01
Docker Machine through 0.16.2 allows an attacker, who has control of a worker node, to provide crafted version data, which might potentially trick an administrator into performing an unsafe action (via escape sequence injection), or might have a data size that causes a denial of…