CWE-78

Tophat is a mobile applications testing harness. Prior to 2.5.1, Tophat is affected by remote code execution via crafted tophat:// or http://localhost:29070 URLs. The arguments query parameter flows unsanitized from URL parsing through to /bin/bash -c execution, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on a developer's macOS workstation. Any developer with Tophat installed is vulnerable. For previously trusted build hosts, no confirmation dialog appears. Attacker commands run with the user's permissions. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.1.

FTLDNS (pihole-FTL) provides an interactive API and also generates statistics for Pi-hole's Web interface. From 6.0 to before 6.6, the Pi-hole FTL engine contains a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in the DHCP hosts configuration parameter (dhcp.hosts). This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary dnsmasq configuration directives through newline characters, ultimately achieving command execution on the underlying system. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.6.

FTLDNS (pihole-FTL) provides an interactive API and also generates statistics for Pi-hole's Web interface. From 6.0 to before 6.6, the Pi-hole FTL engine contains a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in the DHCP lease time configuration parameter (dhcp.leaseTime). This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary dnsmasq configuration directives through newline characters, ultimately achieving command execution on the underlying system. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.6.

FTLDNS (pihole-FTL) provides an interactive API and also generates statistics for Pi-hole's Web interface. From 6.0 to before 6.6, the Pi-hole FTL engine contains a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in the DNS host record configuration parameter (dns.hostRecord). This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary dnsmasq configuration directives through newline characters, ultimately achieving command execution on the underlying system. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.6.

FTLDNS (pihole-FTL) provides an interactive API and also generates statistics for Pi-hole's Web interface. From 6.0 to before 6.6, the Pi-hole FTL engine contains a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in the DNS CNAME records configuration parameter (dns.cnameRecords). This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary dnsmasq configuration directives through newline characters, ultimately achieving command execution on the underlying system. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.6.

FTLDNS (pihole-FTL) provides an interactive API and also generates statistics for Pi-hole's Web interface. From 6.0 to before 6.6, the Pi-hole FTL engine contains a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in the upstream DNS servers configuration parameter (dns.upstreams). This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary dnsmasq configuration directives through newline characters, ultimately achieving command execution on the underlying system. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.6.

Unsanitized input in the FileBrowser API in AWS Research and Engineering Studio (RES) version 2024.10 through 2025.12.01 might allow a remote authenticated actor to execute arbitrary commands on the cluster-manager EC2 instance via crafted input when using the FileBrowser functionality. To remediate this issue, users are advised to upgrade to RES version 2026.03 or apply the corresponding mitigation patch to their existing environment.

Unsanitized input in an OS command in the virtual desktop session name handling in AWS Research and Engineering Studio (RES) version 2025.03 through 2025.12.01 might allow a remote authenticated actor to execute arbitrary commands as root on the virtual desktop host via a crafted session name. To remediate this issue, users are advised to upgrade to RES version 2026.03 or apply the corresponding mitigation patch to their existing environment.

Aperi'Solve is an open-source steganalysis web platform. Prior to 3.2.1, when uploading a JPEG, a user can specify an optional password to accompany the JPEG. This password is then directly passed into an expect command, which is then subsequently passed into a bash -c command, without any form of sanitization or validation. An unauthenticated attacker can achieve root-level RCE inside the worker container with a single HTTP request, enabling full read/write access to all user-uploaded images, analysis results, and plaintext steganography passwords stored on disk. Because the container shares a Docker network with PostgreSQL and Redis (no authentication on either), the attacker can pivot to dump the entire database or manipulate the job queue to poison results for other users. If Docker socket mounting or host volume mounts are present, this could escalate to full host compromise. This would also include defacement of the website itself. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.2.1.

KubeAI is an AI inference operator for kubernetes. Prior to 0.23.2, the ollamaStartupProbeScript() function in internal/modelcontroller/engine_ollama.go constructs a shell command string using fmt.Sprintf with unsanitized model URL components (ref, modelParam). This shell command is executed via bash -c as a Kubernetes startup probe. An attacker who can create or update Model custom resources can inject arbitrary shell commands that execute inside model server pods. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.23.2.

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.5.97, SubprocessSandbox in all modes (BASIC, STRICT, NETWORK_ISOLATED) calls subprocess.run() with shell=True and relies solely on string-pattern matching to block dangerous commands. The blocklist does not include sh or bash as standalone executables, allowing trivial sandbox escape in STRICT mode via sh -c '<command>'. This issue has been patched in version 4.5.97.

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From version 4.5.15 to before version 4.5.69, the --mcp CLI argument is passed directly to shlex.split() and forwarded through the call chain to anyio.open_process() with no validation, allowlist check, or sanitization at any hop, allowing arbitrary OS command execution as the process user. This issue has been patched in version 4.5.69.

RAGFlow is an open-source RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) engine. In versions 0.24.0 and prior, a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in RAGFlow's Agent workflow Text Processing (StringTransform) and Message components. These components use Python's jinja2.Template (unsandboxed) to render user-supplied templates, allowing any authenticated user to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the server. At time of publication, there are no publicly available patches.

Budibase is an open-source low-code platform. Prior to version 3.33.4, the bash automation step executes user-provided commands using execSync without proper sanitization or validation. User input is processed through processStringSync which allows template interpolation, potentially allowing arbitrary command execution. This issue has been patched in version 3.33.4.

Endian Firewall version 3.3.25 and prior allow authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands via the DATE parameter to /cgi-bin/logs_smtp.cgi. The DATE parameter value is used to construct a file path that is passed to a Perl open() call, which allows command injection due to an incomplete regular expression validation.

Endian Firewall version 3.3.25 and prior allow authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands via the DATE parameter to /cgi-bin/logs_openvpn.cgi. The DATE parameter value is used to construct a file path that is passed to a Perl open() call, which allows command injection due to an incomplete regular expression validation.

Endian Firewall version 3.3.25 and prior allow authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands via the DATE parameter to /cgi-bin/logs_log.cgi. The DATE parameter value is used to construct a file path that is passed to a Perl open() call, which allows command injection due to an incomplete regular expression validation.

Endian Firewall version 3.3.25 and prior allow authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands via the DATE parameter to /cgi-bin/logs_ids.cgi. The DATE parameter value is used to construct a file path that is passed to a Perl open() call, which allows command injection due to an incomplete regular expression validation.

Endian Firewall version 3.3.25 and prior allow authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands via the DATE parameter to /cgi-bin/logs_firewall.cgi. The DATE parameter value is used to construct a file path that is passed to a Perl open() call, which allows command injection due to an incomplete regular expression validation.

Endian Firewall version 3.3.25 and prior allow authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands via the DATE parameter to /cgi-bin/logs_clamav.cgi. The DATE parameter value is used to construct a file path that is passed to a Perl open() call, which allows command injection due to an incomplete regular expression validation.