CWE-776
Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Description
The product uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-197
CVEs mapped to this weakness (105)
page 5 of 6| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2021-31842 | Med | 0.33 | 5.0 | 0.00 | Sep 17, 2021 | XML Entity Expansion injection vulnerability in McAfee Endpoint Security (ENS) for Windows prior to 10.7.0 September 2021 Update allows a local user to initiate high CPU and memory consumption resulting in a Denial of Service attack through carefully editing the EPDeploy.xml… | ||
| CVE-2026-27807 | Med | 0.32 | 4.9 | 0.00 | Mar 6, 2026 | MarkUs is a web application for the submission and grading of student assignments. Prior to version 2.9.4, MarkUs allows course instructors to upload YAML files to create/update various entities (e.g., assignment settings). These YAML files are parsed with aliases enabled. This… | ||
| CVE-2025-5466 | Med | 0.32 | 4.9 | 0.01 | Aug 12, 2025 | XEE in Ivanti Connect Secure before 22.7R2.8 or 22.8R2, Ivanti Policy Secure before 22.7R1.5, Ivanti ZTA Gateway before 22.8R2.3-723 and Ivanti Neurons for Secure Access before 22.8R1.4 (Fix deployed on 02-Aug-2025) allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to… | ||
| CVE-2023-3569 | Med | 0.32 | 4.9 | 0.01 | Aug 8, 2023 | In PHOENIX CONTACTs TC ROUTER and TC CLOUD CLIENT in versions prior to 2.07.2 as well as CLOUD CLIENT 1101T-TX/TX prior to 2.06.10 an authenticated remote attacker with admin privileges could upload a crafted XML file which causes a denial-of-service. | ||
| CVE-2024-43398 | Med | 0.31 | 5.9 | 0.01 | Aug 22, 2024 | REXML is an XML toolkit for Ruby. The REXML gem before 3.3.6 has a DoS vulnerability when it parses an XML that has many deep elements that have same local name attributes. If you need to parse untrusted XMLs with tree parser API like REXML::Document.new, you may be impacted to… | ||
| CVE-2024-1455 | Med | 0.31 | 5.9 | 0.01 | Mar 26, 2024 | A vulnerability in the langchain-ai/langchain repository allows for a Billion Laughs Attack, a type of XML External Entity (XXE) exploitation. By nesting multiple layers of entities within an XML document, an attacker can cause the XML parser to consume excessive CPU and memory… | ||
| CVE-2025-20369 | Med | 0.30 | 4.6 | 0.00 | Oct 1, 2025 | In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.4, 9.3.6, and 9.2.8, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.3.2411.108, 9.3.2408.118 and 9.2.2406.123, a low privilege user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could perform an extensible markup language (XML)… | ||
| CVE-2026-44018 | Med | 0.29 | 5.5 | 0.00 | Jun 26, 2026 | Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.45.0 until 2.91.0, the METS-GBS backend's XML parsing and the input document format detection lacked security controls. An attacker could craft… | ||
| CVE-2021-1267 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.01 | Jan 13, 2021 | A vulnerability in the dashboard widget of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to improper restrictions on XML entities. An… | ||
| CVE-2012-3340 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.01 | Sep 1, 2020 | IBM InfoSphere Guardium 8.0, 8.01, and 8.2 is vulnerable to XML external entity injection, caused by improper validation of user-supplied input. A remote authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 78291. | ||
| CVE-2026-40260 | Med | 0.27 | 5.3 | 0.00 | Apr 17, 2026 | pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. In versions prior to 6.10.0, manipulated XMP metadata entity declarations can exhaust RAM. An attacker who exploits this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires parsing the XMP… | ||
| CVE-2025-58767 | Med | 0.27 | 5.3 | 0.00 | Sep 17, 2025 | REXML is an XML toolkit for Ruby. The REXML gems from 3.3.3 to 3.4.1 has a DoS vulnerability when parsing XML containing multiple XML declarations. If you need to parse untrusted XMLs, you may be impacted to these vulnerabilities. The REXML gem 3.4.2 or later include the patches… | ||
| CVE-2019-8126 | Med | 0.25 | 4.9 | 0.01 | Nov 5, 2019 | An XML entity injection vulnerability exists in Magento 2.2 prior to 2.2.10, Magento 2.3 prior to 2.3.3 or 2.3.2-p1. An authenticated admin user can craft document type definition for an XML representing XML layout. The crafted document type definition and XML layout allow… | ||
| CVE-2020-5227 | Med | 0.22 | 4.4 | 0.02 | Jan 28, 2020 | Feedgen (python feedgen) before 0.9.0 is susceptible to XML Denial of Service attacks. The *feedgen* library allows supplying XML as content for some of the available fields. This XML will be parsed and integrated into the existing XML tree. During this process, feedgen is… | ||
| CVE-2019-11253 | Hig | 0.02 | 7.5 | 0.26 | Oct 17, 2019 | Improper input validation in the Kubernetes API server in versions v1.0-1.12 and versions prior to v1.13.12, v1.14.8, v1.15.5, and v1.16.2 allows authorized users to send malicious YAML or JSON payloads, causing the API server to consume excessive CPU or memory, potentially… | ||
| CVE-2019-15903 | Hig | 0.01 | 7.5 | 0.07 | Sep 4, 2019 | In libexpat before 2.2.8, crafted XML input could fool the parser into changing from DTD parsing to document parsing too early; a consecutive call to XML_GetCurrentLineNumber (or XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber) then resulted in a heap-based buffer over-read. | ||
| CVE-2015-1819 | 0.01 | — | 0.06 | Aug 14, 2015 | The xmlreader in libxml allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via crafted XML data, related to an XML Entity Expansion (XEE) attack. | |||
| CVE-2024-28757 | Hig | 0.00 | 7.5 | 0.02 | Mar 10, 2024 | libexpat through 2.6.1 allows an XML Entity Expansion attack when there is isolated use of external parsers (created via XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate). | ||
| CVE-2023-52426 | Med | 0.00 | 5.5 | 0.00 | Feb 4, 2024 | libexpat through 2.5.0 allows recursive XML Entity Expansion if XML_DTD is undefined at compile time. | ||
| CVE-2015-5161 | 0.00 | — | 0.10 | Aug 25, 2015 | The Zend_Xml_Security::scan in ZendXml before 1.0.1 and Zend Framework before 1.12.14, 2.x before 2.4.6, and 2.5.x before 2.5.2, when running under PHP-FPM in a threaded environment, allows remote attackers to bypass security checks and conduct XML external entity (XXE) and XML… |
- risk 0.33cvss 5.0epss 0.00
XML Entity Expansion injection vulnerability in McAfee Endpoint Security (ENS) for Windows prior to 10.7.0 September 2021 Update allows a local user to initiate high CPU and memory consumption resulting in a Denial of Service attack through carefully editing the EPDeploy.xml…
- risk 0.32cvss 4.9epss 0.00
MarkUs is a web application for the submission and grading of student assignments. Prior to version 2.9.4, MarkUs allows course instructors to upload YAML files to create/update various entities (e.g., assignment settings). These YAML files are parsed with aliases enabled. This…
- risk 0.32cvss 4.9epss 0.01
XEE in Ivanti Connect Secure before 22.7R2.8 or 22.8R2, Ivanti Policy Secure before 22.7R1.5, Ivanti ZTA Gateway before 22.8R2.3-723 and Ivanti Neurons for Secure Access before 22.8R1.4 (Fix deployed on 02-Aug-2025) allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to…
- risk 0.32cvss 4.9epss 0.01
In PHOENIX CONTACTs TC ROUTER and TC CLOUD CLIENT in versions prior to 2.07.2 as well as CLOUD CLIENT 1101T-TX/TX prior to 2.06.10 an authenticated remote attacker with admin privileges could upload a crafted XML file which causes a denial-of-service.
- risk 0.31cvss 5.9epss 0.01
REXML is an XML toolkit for Ruby. The REXML gem before 3.3.6 has a DoS vulnerability when it parses an XML that has many deep elements that have same local name attributes. If you need to parse untrusted XMLs with tree parser API like REXML::Document.new, you may be impacted to…
- risk 0.31cvss 5.9epss 0.01
A vulnerability in the langchain-ai/langchain repository allows for a Billion Laughs Attack, a type of XML External Entity (XXE) exploitation. By nesting multiple layers of entities within an XML document, an attacker can cause the XML parser to consume excessive CPU and memory…
- risk 0.30cvss 4.6epss 0.00
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.4, 9.3.6, and 9.2.8, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.3.2411.108, 9.3.2408.118 and 9.2.2406.123, a low privilege user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could perform an extensible markup language (XML)…
- risk 0.29cvss 5.5epss 0.00
Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.45.0 until 2.91.0, the METS-GBS backend's XML parsing and the input document format detection lacked security controls. An attacker could craft…
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.01
A vulnerability in the dashboard widget of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to improper restrictions on XML entities. An…
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.01
IBM InfoSphere Guardium 8.0, 8.01, and 8.2 is vulnerable to XML external entity injection, caused by improper validation of user-supplied input. A remote authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information. IBM X-Force ID: 78291.
- risk 0.27cvss 5.3epss 0.00
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. In versions prior to 6.10.0, manipulated XMP metadata entity declarations can exhaust RAM. An attacker who exploits this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires parsing the XMP…
- risk 0.27cvss 5.3epss 0.00
REXML is an XML toolkit for Ruby. The REXML gems from 3.3.3 to 3.4.1 has a DoS vulnerability when parsing XML containing multiple XML declarations. If you need to parse untrusted XMLs, you may be impacted to these vulnerabilities. The REXML gem 3.4.2 or later include the patches…
- risk 0.25cvss 4.9epss 0.01
An XML entity injection vulnerability exists in Magento 2.2 prior to 2.2.10, Magento 2.3 prior to 2.3.3 or 2.3.2-p1. An authenticated admin user can craft document type definition for an XML representing XML layout. The crafted document type definition and XML layout allow…
- risk 0.22cvss 4.4epss 0.02
Feedgen (python feedgen) before 0.9.0 is susceptible to XML Denial of Service attacks. The *feedgen* library allows supplying XML as content for some of the available fields. This XML will be parsed and integrated into the existing XML tree. During this process, feedgen is…
- risk 0.02cvss 7.5epss 0.26
Improper input validation in the Kubernetes API server in versions v1.0-1.12 and versions prior to v1.13.12, v1.14.8, v1.15.5, and v1.16.2 allows authorized users to send malicious YAML or JSON payloads, causing the API server to consume excessive CPU or memory, potentially…
- risk 0.01cvss 7.5epss 0.07
In libexpat before 2.2.8, crafted XML input could fool the parser into changing from DTD parsing to document parsing too early; a consecutive call to XML_GetCurrentLineNumber (or XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber) then resulted in a heap-based buffer over-read.
- CVE-2015-1819Aug 14, 2015risk 0.01cvss —epss 0.06
The xmlreader in libxml allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via crafted XML data, related to an XML Entity Expansion (XEE) attack.
- risk 0.00cvss 7.5epss 0.02
libexpat through 2.6.1 allows an XML Entity Expansion attack when there is isolated use of external parsers (created via XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate).
- risk 0.00cvss 5.5epss 0.00
libexpat through 2.5.0 allows recursive XML Entity Expansion if XML_DTD is undefined at compile time.
- CVE-2015-5161Aug 25, 2015risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.10
The Zend_Xml_Security::scan in ZendXml before 1.0.1 and Zend Framework before 1.12.14, 2.x before 2.4.6, and 2.5.x before 2.5.2, when running under PHP-FPM in a threaded environment, allows remote attackers to bypass security checks and conduct XML external entity (XXE) and XML…