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CWE-367

Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

BaseIncompleteLikelihood: Medium

Description

The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.

Hierarchy (View 1000)

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Related attack patterns (CAPEC)

CAPEC-27 · CAPEC-29

CVEs mapped to this weakness (142)

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CVESevRiskCVSSEPSSKEVPublishedDescription
CVE-2024-29149Hig0.487.40.00May 7, 2024An issue was discovered in Alcatel-Lucent ALE NOE deskphones through 86x8_NOE-R300.1.40.12.4180 and SIP deskphones through 86x8_SIP-R200.1.01.10.728. Because of a time-of-check time-of-use vulnerability, an authenticated attacker is able to replace the verified firmware image with malicious firmware during the update process.
CVE-2026-41002Hig0.477.20.00May 7, 2026The base directory (`spring.cloud.config.server.git.basedir`) used by the Spring Cloud Config Server to clone Git repositories to is susceptible to time-of-check-time-of-use (TOCTOU) attacks. Spring Cloud Config 3.1.x: affected from 3.1.0 through 3.1.13 (inclusive); upgrade to 3.1.14 or greater (Enterprise Support Only). Spring Cloud Config 4.1.x: affected from 4.1.0 through 4.1.9 (inclusive); upgrade to 4.1.10 or greater (Enterprise Support Only). Spring Cloud Config 4.2.x: affected from 4.2.0 through 4.2.6 (inclusive); upgrade to 4.2.7 or greater (Enterprise Support Only). Spring Cloud Config 4.3.x: affected from 4.3.0 through 4.3.2 (inclusive); upgrade to 4.3.3 or greater. Spring Cloud Config 5.0.x: affected from 5.0.0 through 5.0.2 (inclusive); upgrade to 5.0.3 or greater.
CVE-2025-20037Hig0.477.20.00Aug 12, 2025Time-of-check time-of-use race condition in firmware for some Intel(R) Converged Security and Management Engine may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
CVE-2024-22185Hig0.477.20.00Nov 13, 2024Time-of-check Time-of-use Race Condition in some Intel(R) processors with Intel(R) ACTM may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
CVE-2024-48322Hig0.478.10.14Nov 11, 2024UsersController.php in Run.codes 1.5.2 and older has a reset password race condition vulnerability.
CVE-2023-32282Hig0.477.20.00Mar 14, 2024Race condition in BIOS firmware for some Intel(R) Processors may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
CVE-2026-34596Hig0.467.00.00May 5, 2026Sandboxie-Plus is an open source sandbox-based isolation software for Windows. In versions 1.17.2 and earlier, a Time-of-Check-to-Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition exists during addon installation. When a user installs an addon through the SandMan interface, UpdUtil.exe is spawned as SYSTEM by SbieSvc but stages files in the user-writable %TEMP%\sandboxie-updater directory. After UpdUtil verifies file hashes against the signed addon manifest, install.bat extracts files.cab and executes config.exe from its contents. Between hash verification and extraction, an unprivileged user can replace files.cab with a crafted cabinet containing a malicious executable, which is then run as SYSTEM. No UAC prompt is required. This issue has been fixed in version 1.17.3.
CVE-2026-35352Hig0.467.00.00Apr 22, 2026A Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition exists in the mkfifo utility of uutils coreutils. The utility creates a FIFO and then performs a path-based chmod to set permissions. A local attacker with write access to the parent directory can swap the newly created FIFO for a symbolic link between these two operations. This redirects the chmod call to an arbitrary file, potentially enabling privilege escalation if the utility is run with elevated privileges.
CVE-2026-41296Hig0.468.20.00Apr 21, 2026OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a time-of-check-time-of-use race condition in the remote filesystem bridge readFile function that allows sandbox escape. Attackers can exploit the separate path validation and file read operations to bypass sandbox restrictions and read arbitrary files.
CVE-2026-32093Hig0.467.00.00Apr 14, 2026Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Function Discovery Service (fdwsd.dll) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
CVE-2026-27929Hig0.467.00.00Apr 14, 2026Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows LUAFV allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
CVE-2026-0924Hig0.467.00.00Feb 2, 2026BuhoCleaner contains an insecure XPC service that allows local, unprivileged users to escalate their privileges to root via insecure functions.This issue affects BuhoCleaner: 1.15.2.
CVE-2025-23279Hig0.467.00.00Aug 2, 2025NVIDIA .run Installer for Linux and Solaris contains a vulnerability where an attacker could use a race condition to escalate privileges. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, denial of service, or data tampering.
CVE-2024-50592Hig0.467.00.00Nov 8, 2024An attacker with local access the to medical office computer can escalate his Windows user privileges to "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM" by exploiting a race condition in the Elefant Update Service during the repair or update process. When using the repair function, the service queries the server for a list of files and their hashes. In addition, instructions to execute binaries to finalize the repair process are included. The executables are executed as "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM" after they are copied over to the user writable installation folder (C:\Elefant1). This means that a user can overwrite either "PostESUUpdate.exe" or "Update_OpenJava.exe" in the time frame after the copy and before the execution of the final repair step. The overwritten executable is then executed as "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM".
CVE-2024-43882Hig0.467.00.00Aug 21, 2024In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: exec: Fix ToCToU between perm check and set-uid/gid usage When opening a file for exec via do_filp_open(), permission checking is done against the file's metadata at that moment, and on success, a file pointer is passed back. Much later in the execve() code path, the file metadata (specifically mode, uid, and gid) is used to determine if/how to set the uid and gid. However, those values may have changed since the permissions check, meaning the execution may gain unintended privileges. For example, if a file could change permissions from executable and not set-id: ---------x 1 root root 16048 Aug 7 13:16 target to set-id and non-executable: ---S------ 1 root root 16048 Aug 7 13:16 target it is possible to gain root privileges when execution should have been disallowed. While this race condition is rare in real-world scenarios, it has been observed (and proven exploitable) when package managers are updating the setuid bits of installed programs. Such files start with being world-executable but then are adjusted to be group-exec with a set-uid bit. For example, "chmod o-x,u+s target" makes "target" executable only by uid "root" and gid "cdrom", while also becoming setuid-root: -rwxr-xr-x 1 root cdrom 16048 Aug 7 13:16 target becomes: -rwsr-xr-- 1 root cdrom 16048 Aug 7 13:16 target But racing the chmod means users without group "cdrom" membership can get the permission to execute "target" just before the chmod, and when the chmod finishes, the exec reaches brpm_fill_uid(), and performs the setuid to root, violating the expressed authorization of "only cdrom group members can setuid to root". Re-check that we still have execute permissions in case the metadata has changed. It would be better to keep a copy from the perm-check time, but until we can do that refactoring, the least-bad option is to do a full inode_permission() call (under inode lock). It is understood that this is safe against dead-locks, but hardly optimal.
CVE-2024-26974Hig0.467.00.00May 1, 2024In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: qat - resolve race condition during AER recovery During the PCI AER system's error recovery process, the kernel driver may encounter a race condition with freeing the reset_data structure's memory. If the device restart will take more than 10 seconds the function scheduling that restart will exit due to a timeout, and the reset_data structure will be freed. However, this data structure is used for completion notification after the restart is completed, which leads to a UAF bug. This results in a KFENCE bug notice. BUG: KFENCE: use-after-free read in adf_device_reset_worker+0x38/0xa0 [intel_qat] Use-after-free read at 0x00000000bc56fddf (in kfence-#142): adf_device_reset_worker+0x38/0xa0 [intel_qat] process_one_work+0x173/0x340 To resolve this race condition, the memory associated to the container of the work_struct is freed on the worker if the timeout expired, otherwise on the function that schedules the worker. The timeout detection can be done by checking if the caller is still waiting for completion or not by using completion_done() function.
CVE-2021-33632Hig0.467.00.00Mar 25, 2024Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability in openEuler iSulad on Linux allows Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions. This vulnerability is associated with program files https://gitee.Com/openeuler/iSulad/blob/master/src/cmd/isulad/main.C. This issue affects iSulad: 2.0.18-13, from 2.1.4-1 through 2.1.4-2.
CVE-2025-8192Med0.45—0.00Jul 31, 2025There exists a TOCTOU race condition in TvSettings AppRestrictionsFragment.java that lead to start of attacker supplied activity in Settings’ context, i.e. system-uid context, thus lead to launchAnyWhere. The core idea is to utilize the time window between the check of Intent and the use to Intent to change the target component’s state, thus bypass the original security sanitize function.
CVE-2026-4878Med0.446.70.00Apr 9, 2026A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.
CVE-2025-9810Med0.446.80.00Sep 1, 2025TOCTOU  in linenoiseHistorySave in linenoise allows local attackers to overwrite arbitrary files and change permissions via a symlink race between fopen("w") on the history path and subsequent chmod() on the same path.