CWE-348
Use of Less Trusted Source
Description
The product has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Parents
Children
none
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-141 · CAPEC-142 · CAPEC-73 · CAPEC-76 · CAPEC-85
CVEs mapped to this weakness (77)
page 1 of 4| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2026-48772 | Cri | 0.65 | 10.0 | 0.00 | Jun 19, 2026 | ProxySQL is a proxy for MySQL and its forks, as well as PostgreSQL. In versions 2.0.0 through 3.0.8, the ProxySQL MySQL frontend accepts the `PROXY UNKNOWN \r\n` PP1 frame as a well-formed PROXY protocol header. The HAProxy PROXY protocol v1… | ||
| CVE-2026-44183 | Cri | 0.64 | 9.8 | 0.00 | May 12, 2026 | Cleanuparr is a tool for automating the cleanup of unwanted or blocked files in Sonarr, Radarr, and supported download clients like qBittorrent. Prior to 2.9.10, TrustedNetworkAuthenticationHandler.ResolveClientIp parses the leftmost entry of the X-Forwarded-For header as the… | ||
| CVE-2022-31813 | Cri | 0.64 | 9.8 | 0.04 | Jun 9, 2022 | Apache HTTP Server 2.4.53 and earlier may not send the X-Forwarded-* headers to the origin server based on client side Connection header hop-by-hop mechanism. This may be used to bypass IP based authentication on the origin server/application. | ||
| CVE-2026-90711 | Cri | 0.59 | 9.1 | 0.00 | Sep 15, 2026 | proxy-addr is a Node.js module that determines a request's client address behind trusted reverse proxies, and it backs Express req.ip and req.ips. In versions 1.1.0 through 2.0.7, a trust subnet written in IPv4-mapped IPv6 notation with an IPv4-sized prefix, such as… | ||
| CVE-2026-16272 | Cri | 0.59 | 9.1 | 0.00 | Sep 9, 2026 | Use of less trusted source vulnerability in PayTR Payment and Electronic Money Institution Inc. PayTR Virtual Pos iFrame API (v9x) WHMCS Module allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers. This issue affects PayTR Virtual Pos iFrame API (v9x) WHMCS Module: from v9.0.0 before… | ||
| CVE-2026-61682 | Cri | 0.57 | 9.9 | 0.00 | Sep 18, 2026 | kcp is a Kubernetes-like control plane for form-factors and use-cases beyond Kubernetes and container workloads. Prior to 0.31.4 and 0.32.2, the kcp front-proxy does not remove inbound X-Remote-User, X-Remote-Group, or X-Remote-Extra-* identity headers before forwarding requests… | ||
| CVE-2024-45410 | Cri | 0.57 | 9.8 | 0.02 | Sep 19, 2024 | Traefik is a golang, Cloud Native Application Proxy. When a HTTP request is processed by Traefik, certain HTTP headers such as X-Forwarded-Host or X-Forwarded-Port are added by Traefik before the request is routed to the application. For a HTTP client, it should not be possible… | ||
| CVE-2024-27773 | Hig | 0.57 | 8.8 | 0.00 | Mar 18, 2024 | Unitronics Unistream Unilogic – Versions prior to 1.35.227 - CWE-348: Use of Less Trusted Source may allow RCE | ||
| CVE-2023-37265 | Cri | 0.57 | 9.8 | 0.07 | Jul 17, 2023 | CasaOS is an open-source Personal Cloud system. Due to a lack of IP address verification an unauthenticated attackers can execute arbitrary commands as `root` on CasaOS instances. The problem was addressed by improving the detection of client IP addresses in `391dd7f`. This… | ||
| CVE-2026-9561 | Hig | 0.53 | 8.2 | 0.00 | Jul 14, 2026 | Eclipse Kura versions prior to 5.6.2 trust the client-supplied X-Forwarded-For HTTP header as the authoritative source of the client IP address in audit log entries. The org.eclipse.kura.web2 (Web Console) and org.eclipse.kura.rest.provider (REST API) components use this header… | ||
| CVE-2026-92395 | Cri | 0.52 | 9.1 | 0.00 | Sep 16, 2026 | @fastify/proxy-addr is a Fastify plugin that determines a request's client address behind trusted reverse proxies, and it backs Fastify request.ip and request.ips. In versions 3.0.0 through 5.1.0, a trust subnet written in IPv4-mapped IPv6 notation with an IPv4-sized prefix,… | ||
| CVE-2026-12249 | Cri | 0.52 | 9.0 | 0.00 | Jun 22, 2026 | An issue was discovered in Canonical ADSys upstream versions through v0.16.2. During Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) certificate auto-enrollment via the vendored Samba client script (internal/policies/certificate/python/vendor_samba/gp/gp_cert_auto_enroll_ext.py),… | ||
| CVE-2025-48865 | Cri | 0.52 | 9.1 | 0.00 | May 30, 2025 | Fabio is an HTTP(S) and TCP router for deploying applications managed by consul. Prior to version 1.6.6, Fabio allows clients to remove X-Forwarded headers (except X-Forwarded-For) due to a vulnerability in how it processes hop-by-hop headers. Fabio adds HTTP headers like… | ||
| CVE-2025-69240 | Hig | 0.50 | 8.8 | 0.00 | Mar 16, 2026 | Raytha CMS allows an attacker to spoof `X-Forwarded-Host` or `Host` headers to attacker controlled domain. The attacker (who knows the victim's email address) can force the server to send an email with password reset link pointing to the domain from spoofed header. When victim… | ||
| CVE-2025-27913 | Hig | 0.49 | 7.5 | 0.00 | Mar 10, 2025 | Passbolt API before 5, if the server is misconfigured (with an incorrect installation process and disregarding of Health Check results), can send email messages with a domain name taken from an attacker-controlled HTTP Host header. | ||
| CVE-2024-23105 | Hig | 0.49 | 7.5 | 0.00 | May 14, 2024 | A Use Of Less Trusted Source [CWE-348] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiPortal version 7.0.0 through 7.0.6 and version 7.2.0 through 7.2.1 allows an unauthenticated attack to bypass IP protection through crafted HTTP or HTTPS packets. | ||
| CVE-2021-21373 | Hig | 0.49 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Mar 26, 2021 | Nimble is a package manager for the Nim programming language. In Nim release versions before versions 1.2.10 and 1.4.4, "nimble refresh" fetches a list of Nimble packages over HTTPS by default. In case of error it falls back to a non-TLS URL… | ||
| CVE-2026-46415 | Hig | 0.46 | 8.2 | 0.00 | Jul 20, 2026 | The Caddy Defender plugin is a middleware for Caddy that allows users to block or manipulate requests based on the client's IP address. Prior to version 0.10.1, Caddy Defender used `r.RemoteAddr` when evaluating whether a request should be blocked. `RemoteAddr` is the address of… | ||
| CVE-2026-55641 | Hig | 0.46 | 8.2 | 0.00 | Jul 10, 2026 | 9Router is an AI router & token saver. Prior to 0.5.2, 9router determines whether a /v1 LLM proxy request is local by reading the client-controlled Host header, allowing a remote unauthenticated attacker to send Host: localhost and bypass API-key authentication. In the default… | ||
| CVE-2025-47424 | Hig | 0.46 | 7.1 | 0.00 | May 9, 2025 | Retool (self-hosted) before 3.196.0 allows Host header injection. When the BASE_DOMAIN environment variable is not set, the HTTP host header can be manipulated. |
- risk 0.65cvss 10.0epss 0.00
ProxySQL is a proxy for MySQL and its forks, as well as PostgreSQL. In versions 2.0.0 through 3.0.8, the ProxySQL MySQL frontend accepts the `PROXY UNKNOWN \r\n` PP1 frame as a well-formed PROXY protocol header. The HAProxy PROXY protocol v1…
- risk 0.64cvss 9.8epss 0.00
Cleanuparr is a tool for automating the cleanup of unwanted or blocked files in Sonarr, Radarr, and supported download clients like qBittorrent. Prior to 2.9.10, TrustedNetworkAuthenticationHandler.ResolveClientIp parses the leftmost entry of the X-Forwarded-For header as the…
- risk 0.64cvss 9.8epss 0.04
Apache HTTP Server 2.4.53 and earlier may not send the X-Forwarded-* headers to the origin server based on client side Connection header hop-by-hop mechanism. This may be used to bypass IP based authentication on the origin server/application.
- risk 0.59cvss 9.1epss 0.00
proxy-addr is a Node.js module that determines a request's client address behind trusted reverse proxies, and it backs Express req.ip and req.ips. In versions 1.1.0 through 2.0.7, a trust subnet written in IPv4-mapped IPv6 notation with an IPv4-sized prefix, such as…
- risk 0.59cvss 9.1epss 0.00
Use of less trusted source vulnerability in PayTR Payment and Electronic Money Institution Inc. PayTR Virtual Pos iFrame API (v9x) WHMCS Module allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers. This issue affects PayTR Virtual Pos iFrame API (v9x) WHMCS Module: from v9.0.0 before…
- risk 0.57cvss 9.9epss 0.00
kcp is a Kubernetes-like control plane for form-factors and use-cases beyond Kubernetes and container workloads. Prior to 0.31.4 and 0.32.2, the kcp front-proxy does not remove inbound X-Remote-User, X-Remote-Group, or X-Remote-Extra-* identity headers before forwarding requests…
- risk 0.57cvss 9.8epss 0.02
Traefik is a golang, Cloud Native Application Proxy. When a HTTP request is processed by Traefik, certain HTTP headers such as X-Forwarded-Host or X-Forwarded-Port are added by Traefik before the request is routed to the application. For a HTTP client, it should not be possible…
- risk 0.57cvss 8.8epss 0.00
Unitronics Unistream Unilogic – Versions prior to 1.35.227 - CWE-348: Use of Less Trusted Source may allow RCE
- risk 0.57cvss 9.8epss 0.07
CasaOS is an open-source Personal Cloud system. Due to a lack of IP address verification an unauthenticated attackers can execute arbitrary commands as `root` on CasaOS instances. The problem was addressed by improving the detection of client IP addresses in `391dd7f`. This…
- risk 0.53cvss 8.2epss 0.00
Eclipse Kura versions prior to 5.6.2 trust the client-supplied X-Forwarded-For HTTP header as the authoritative source of the client IP address in audit log entries. The org.eclipse.kura.web2 (Web Console) and org.eclipse.kura.rest.provider (REST API) components use this header…
- risk 0.52cvss 9.1epss 0.00
@fastify/proxy-addr is a Fastify plugin that determines a request's client address behind trusted reverse proxies, and it backs Fastify request.ip and request.ips. In versions 3.0.0 through 5.1.0, a trust subnet written in IPv4-mapped IPv6 notation with an IPv4-sized prefix,…
- risk 0.52cvss 9.0epss 0.00
An issue was discovered in Canonical ADSys upstream versions through v0.16.2. During Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) certificate auto-enrollment via the vendored Samba client script (internal/policies/certificate/python/vendor_samba/gp/gp_cert_auto_enroll_ext.py),…
- risk 0.52cvss 9.1epss 0.00
Fabio is an HTTP(S) and TCP router for deploying applications managed by consul. Prior to version 1.6.6, Fabio allows clients to remove X-Forwarded headers (except X-Forwarded-For) due to a vulnerability in how it processes hop-by-hop headers. Fabio adds HTTP headers like…
- risk 0.50cvss 8.8epss 0.00
Raytha CMS allows an attacker to spoof `X-Forwarded-Host` or `Host` headers to attacker controlled domain. The attacker (who knows the victim's email address) can force the server to send an email with password reset link pointing to the domain from spoofed header. When victim…
- risk 0.49cvss 7.5epss 0.00
Passbolt API before 5, if the server is misconfigured (with an incorrect installation process and disregarding of Health Check results), can send email messages with a domain name taken from an attacker-controlled HTTP Host header.
- risk 0.49cvss 7.5epss 0.00
A Use Of Less Trusted Source [CWE-348] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiPortal version 7.0.0 through 7.0.6 and version 7.2.0 through 7.2.1 allows an unauthenticated attack to bypass IP protection through crafted HTTP or HTTPS packets.
- risk 0.49cvss 7.5epss 0.01
Nimble is a package manager for the Nim programming language. In Nim release versions before versions 1.2.10 and 1.4.4, "nimble refresh" fetches a list of Nimble packages over HTTPS by default. In case of error it falls back to a non-TLS URL…
- risk 0.46cvss 8.2epss 0.00
The Caddy Defender plugin is a middleware for Caddy that allows users to block or manipulate requests based on the client's IP address. Prior to version 0.10.1, Caddy Defender used `r.RemoteAddr` when evaluating whether a request should be blocked. `RemoteAddr` is the address of…
- risk 0.46cvss 8.2epss 0.00
9Router is an AI router & token saver. Prior to 0.5.2, 9router determines whether a /v1 LLM proxy request is local by reading the client-controlled Host header, allowing a remote unauthenticated attacker to send Host: localhost and bypass API-key authentication. In the default…
- risk 0.46cvss 7.1epss 0.00
Retool (self-hosted) before 3.196.0 allows Host header injection. When the BASE_DOMAIN environment variable is not set, the HTTP host header can be manipulated.