Implicit override for built-in materializations from installed packages in dbt-core

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+kind: Features
+body: Move flags from UserConfig in profiles.yml to flags in dbt_project.yml
+time: 2023-12-18T19:58:54.075811-05:00
+custom:
+  Author: gshank
+  Issue: "9183"

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+kind: Features
+body: Add require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations to dbt_project.yml flags, which can be used to opt-out of overriding built-in materializations from packages
+time: 2024-04-22T17:37:03.892268-04:00
+custom:
+  Author: michelleark
+  Issue: "10007"

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+kind: Under the Hood
+body: Raise deprecation warning if installed package overrides built-in materialization
+time: 2024-04-18T17:25:28.37886-04:00
+custom:
+  Author: michelleark
+  Issue: "9971"

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from importlib import import_module
 from multiprocessing import get_context
+from pathlib import Path
 from pprint import pformat as pf
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Union
 
@@ -11,8 +12,8 @@
 from dbt.cli.exceptions import DbtUsageException
 from dbt.cli.resolvers import default_log_path, default_project_dir
 from dbt.cli.types import Command as CliCommand
-from dbt.config.profile import read_user_config
-from dbt.contracts.project import UserConfig
+from dbt.config.project import read_project_flags
+from dbt.contracts.project import ProjectFlags
 from dbt.exceptions import DbtInternalError
 from dbt.deprecations import renamed_env_var
 from dbt.helper_types import WarnErrorOptions
@@ -24,7 +25,8 @@
 FLAGS_DEFAULTS = {
     "INDIRECT_SELECTION": "eager",
     "TARGET_PATH": None,
-    # Cli args without user_config or env var option.
+    "WARN_ERROR": None,
+    # Cli args without project_flags or env var option.
     "FULL_REFRESH": False,
     "STRICT_MODE": False,
     "STORE_FAILURES": False,
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ class Flags:
     """Primary configuration artifact for running dbt"""
 
     def __init__(
-        self, ctx: Optional[Context] = None, user_config: Optional[UserConfig] = None
+        self, ctx: Optional[Context] = None, project_flags: Optional[ProjectFlags] = None
     ) -> None:
 
         # Set the default flags.
@@ -201,27 +203,40 @@ def _assign_params(
                 invoked_subcommand_ctx, params_assigned_from_default, deprecated_env_vars
             )
 
-        if not user_config:
+        if not project_flags:
+            project_dir = getattr(self, "PROJECT_DIR", str(default_project_dir()))
             profiles_dir = getattr(self, "PROFILES_DIR", None)
-            user_config = read_user_config(profiles_dir) if profiles_dir else None
+            if profiles_dir and project_dir:
+                project_flags = read_project_flags(project_dir, profiles_dir)
+            else:
+                project_flags = None
 
         # Add entire invocation command to flags
         object.__setattr__(self, "INVOCATION_COMMAND", "dbt " + " ".join(sys.argv[1:]))
 
-        # Overwrite default assignments with user config if available.
-        if user_config:
+        if project_flags:
+            # Overwrite default assignments with project flags if available.
             param_assigned_from_default_copy = params_assigned_from_default.copy()
             for param_assigned_from_default in params_assigned_from_default:
-                user_config_param_value = getattr(user_config, param_assigned_from_default, None)
-                if user_config_param_value is not None:
+                project_flags_param_value = getattr(
+                    project_flags, param_assigned_from_default, None
+                )
+                if project_flags_param_value is not None:
                     object.__setattr__(
                         self,
                         param_assigned_from_default.upper(),
-                        convert_config(param_assigned_from_default, user_config_param_value),
+                        convert_config(param_assigned_from_default, project_flags_param_value),
                     )
                     param_assigned_from_default_copy.remove(param_assigned_from_default)
             params_assigned_from_default = param_assigned_from_default_copy
 
+            # Add project-level flags that are not available as CLI options / env vars
+            for (
+                project_level_flag_name,
+                project_level_flag_value,
+            ) in project_flags.project_only_flags.items():
+                object.__setattr__(self, project_level_flag_name.upper(), project_level_flag_value)
+
         # Set hard coded flags.
         object.__setattr__(self, "WHICH", invoked_subcommand_name or ctx.info_name)
         object.__setattr__(self, "MP_CONTEXT", get_context("spawn"))
@@ -235,9 +250,11 @@ def _assign_params(
         # Starting in v1.5, if `log-path` is set in `dbt_project.yml`, it will raise a deprecation warning,
         # with the possibility of removing it in a future release.
         if getattr(self, "LOG_PATH", None) is None:
-            project_dir = getattr(self, "PROJECT_DIR", default_project_dir())
+            project_dir = getattr(self, "PROJECT_DIR", str(default_project_dir()))
             version_check = getattr(self, "VERSION_CHECK", True)
-            object.__setattr__(self, "LOG_PATH", default_log_path(project_dir, version_check))
+            object.__setattr__(
+                self, "LOG_PATH", default_log_path(Path(project_dir), version_check)
+            )
 
         # Support console DO NOT TRACK initiative.
         if os.getenv("DO_NOT_TRACK", "").lower() in ("1", "t", "true", "y", "yes"):

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # all these are just exports, they need "noqa" so flake8 will not complain.
-from .profile import Profile, read_user_config  # noqa
+from .profile import Profile  # noqa
 from .project import Project, IsFQNResource, PartialProject  # noqa
 from .runtime import RuntimeConfig  # noqa

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from dbt.clients.system import load_file_contents
 from dbt.clients.yaml_helper import load_yaml_text
 from dbt.contracts.connection import Credentials, HasCredentials
-from dbt.contracts.project import ProfileConfig, UserConfig
+from dbt.contracts.project import ProfileConfig
 from dbt.exceptions import (
     CompilationError,
     DbtProfileError,
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 )
 from dbt.events.types import MissingProfileTarget
 from dbt.events.functions import fire_event
-from dbt.utils import coerce_dict_str
 
 from .renderer import ProfileRenderer
 
@@ -51,27 +50,13 @@ def read_profile(profiles_dir: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     return {}
 
 
-def read_user_config(directory: str) -> UserConfig:
-    try:
-        profile = read_profile(directory)
-        if profile:
-            user_config = coerce_dict_str(profile.get("config", {}))
-            if user_config is not None:
-                UserConfig.validate(user_config)
-                return UserConfig.from_dict(user_config)
-    except (DbtRuntimeError, ValidationError):
-        pass
-    return UserConfig()
-
-
 # The Profile class is included in RuntimeConfig, so any attribute
 # additions must also be set where the RuntimeConfig class is created
 # `init=False` is a workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue45081
 @dataclass(init=False)
 class Profile(HasCredentials):
     profile_name: str
     target_name: str
-    user_config: UserConfig
     threads: int
     credentials: Credentials
     profile_env_vars: Dict[str, Any]
@@ -80,7 +65,6 @@ def __init__(
         self,
         profile_name: str,
         target_name: str,
-        user_config: UserConfig,
         threads: int,
         credentials: Credentials,
     ):
@@ -89,7 +73,6 @@ def __init__(
         """
         self.profile_name = profile_name
         self.target_name = target_name
-        self.user_config = user_config
         self.threads = threads
         self.credentials = credentials
         self.profile_env_vars = {}  # never available on init
@@ -106,12 +89,10 @@ def to_profile_info(self, serialize_credentials: bool = False) -> Dict[str, Any]
         result = {
             "profile_name": self.profile_name,
             "target_name": self.target_name,
-            "user_config": self.user_config,
             "threads": self.threads,
             "credentials": self.credentials,
         }
         if serialize_credentials:
-            result["user_config"] = self.user_config.to_dict(omit_none=True)
             result["credentials"] = self.credentials.to_dict(omit_none=True)
         return result
 
@@ -124,7 +105,6 @@ def to_target_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
                 "name": self.target_name,
                 "target_name": self.target_name,
                 "profile_name": self.profile_name,
-                "config": self.user_config.to_dict(omit_none=True),
             }
         )
         return target
@@ -246,7 +226,6 @@ def from_credentials(
         threads: int,
         profile_name: str,
         target_name: str,
-        user_config: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
     ) -> "Profile":
         """Create a profile from an existing set of Credentials and the
         remaining information.
@@ -255,20 +234,13 @@ def from_credentials(
         :param threads: The number of threads to use for connections.
         :param profile_name: The profile name used for this profile.
         :param target_name: The target name used for this profile.
-        :param user_config: The user-level config block from the
-            raw profiles, if specified.
         :raises DbtProfileError: If the profile is invalid.
         :returns: The new Profile object.
         """
-        if user_config is None:
-            user_config = {}
-        UserConfig.validate(user_config)
-        user_config_obj: UserConfig = UserConfig.from_dict(user_config)
 
         profile = cls(
             profile_name=profile_name,
             target_name=target_name,
-            user_config=user_config_obj,
             threads=threads,
             credentials=credentials,
         )
@@ -316,7 +288,6 @@ def from_raw_profile_info(
         raw_profile: Dict[str, Any],
         profile_name: str,
         renderer: ProfileRenderer,
-        user_config: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
         target_override: Optional[str] = None,
         threads_override: Optional[int] = None,
     ) -> "Profile":
@@ -328,8 +299,6 @@ def from_raw_profile_info(
             disk as yaml and its values rendered with jinja.
         :param profile_name: The profile name used.
         :param renderer: The config renderer.
-        :param user_config: The global config for the user, if it
-            was present.
         :param target_override: The target to use, if provided on
             the command line.
         :param threads_override: The thread count to use, if
@@ -338,9 +307,6 @@ def from_raw_profile_info(
             target could not be found
         :returns: The new Profile object.
         """
-        # user_config is not rendered.
-        if user_config is None:
-            user_config = raw_profile.get("config")
         # TODO: should it be, and the values coerced to bool?
         target_name, profile_data = cls.render_profile(
             raw_profile, profile_name, target_override, renderer
@@ -361,7 +327,6 @@ def from_raw_profile_info(
             profile_name=profile_name,
             target_name=target_name,
             threads=threads,
-            user_config=user_config,
         )
 
     @classmethod
@@ -396,13 +361,11 @@ def from_raw_profiles(
         if not raw_profile:
             msg = f"Profile {profile_name} in profiles.yml is empty"
             raise DbtProfileError(INVALID_PROFILE_MESSAGE.format(error_string=msg))
-        user_config = raw_profiles.get("config")
 
         return cls.from_raw_profile_info(
             raw_profile=raw_profile,
             profile_name=profile_name,
             renderer=renderer,
-            user_config=user_config,
             target_override=target_override,
             threads_override=threads_override,
         )

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 from dbt.flags import get_flags
 from dbt import deprecations
-from dbt.constants import DEPENDENCIES_FILE_NAME, PACKAGES_FILE_NAME
+from dbt.constants import DEPENDENCIES_FILE_NAME, PACKAGES_FILE_NAME, DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME
 from dbt.clients.system import path_exists, resolve_path_from_base, load_file_contents
 from dbt.clients.yaml_helper import load_yaml_text
 from dbt.contracts.connection import QueryComment
@@ -31,12 +31,13 @@
 from dbt.helper_types import NoValue
 from dbt.semver import VersionSpecifier, versions_compatible
 from dbt.version import get_installed_version
-from dbt.utils import MultiDict, md5
+from dbt.utils import MultiDict, md5, coerce_dict_str
 from dbt.node_types import NodeType
 from dbt.config.selectors import SelectorDict
 from dbt.contracts.project import (
     Project as ProjectContract,
     SemverString,
+    ProjectFlags,
 )
 from dbt.contracts.project import PackageConfig, ProjectPackageMetadata
 from dbt.dataclass_schema import ValidationError
@@ -77,8 +78,8 @@
 """
 
 MISSING_DBT_PROJECT_ERROR = """\
-No dbt_project.yml found at expected path {path}
-Verify that each entry within packages.yml (and their transitive dependencies) contains a file named dbt_project.yml
+No {DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME} found at expected path {path}
+Verify that each entry within packages.yml (and their transitive dependencies) contains a file named {DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME}
 """
 
 
@@ -183,16 +184,20 @@ def value_or(value: Optional[T], default: T) -> T:
 def load_raw_project(project_root: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
 
     project_root = os.path.normpath(project_root)
-    project_yaml_filepath = os.path.join(project_root, "dbt_project.yml")
+    project_yaml_filepath = os.path.join(project_root, DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME)
 
     # get the project.yml contents
     if not path_exists(project_yaml_filepath):
-        raise DbtProjectError(MISSING_DBT_PROJECT_ERROR.format(path=project_yaml_filepath))
+        raise DbtProjectError(
+            MISSING_DBT_PROJECT_ERROR.format(
+                path=project_yaml_filepath, DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME=DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME
+            )
+        )
 
     project_dict = _load_yaml(project_yaml_filepath)
 
     if not isinstance(project_dict, dict):
-        raise DbtProjectError("dbt_project.yml does not parse to a dictionary")
+        raise DbtProjectError(f"{DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME} does not parse to a dictionary")
 
     return project_dict
 
@@ -307,21 +312,21 @@ def get_rendered(
             selectors_dict=rendered_selectors,
         )
 
-    # Called by Project.from_project_root (not PartialProject.from_project_root!)
+    # Called by Project.from_project_root which first calls PartialProject.from_project_root
     def render(self, renderer: DbtProjectYamlRenderer) -> "Project":
         try:
             rendered = self.get_rendered(renderer)
             return self.create_project(rendered)
         except DbtProjectError as exc:
             if exc.path is None:
-                exc.path = os.path.join(self.project_root, "dbt_project.yml")
+                exc.path = os.path.join(self.project_root, DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME)
             raise
 
     def render_package_metadata(self, renderer: PackageRenderer) -> ProjectPackageMetadata:
         packages_data = renderer.render_data(self.packages_dict)
         packages_config = package_config_from_data(packages_data)
         if not self.project_name:
-            raise DbtProjectError("Package dbt_project.yml must have a name!")
+            raise DbtProjectError(f"Package defined in {DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME} must have a name!")
         return ProjectPackageMetadata(self.project_name, packages_config.packages)
 
     def check_config_path(
@@ -332,7 +337,7 @@ def check_config_path(
                 msg = (
                     "{deprecated_path} and {expected_path} cannot both be defined. The "
                     "`{deprecated_path}` config has been deprecated in favor of `{expected_path}`. "
-                    "Please update your `dbt_project.yml` configuration to reflect this "
+                    f"Please update your `{DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME}` configuration to reflect this "
                     "change."
                 )
                 raise DbtProjectError(
@@ -404,11 +409,11 @@ def create_project(self, rendered: RenderComponents) -> "Project":
 
         docs_paths: List[str] = value_or(cfg.docs_paths, all_source_paths)
         asset_paths: List[str] = value_or(cfg.asset_paths, [])
-        flags = get_flags()
+        global_flags = get_flags()
 
-        flag_target_path = str(flags.TARGET_PATH) if flags.TARGET_PATH else None
+        flag_target_path = str(global_flags.TARGET_PATH) if global_flags.TARGET_PATH else None
         target_path: str = flag_or(flag_target_path, cfg.target_path, "target")
-        log_path: str = str(flags.LOG_PATH)
+        log_path: str = str(global_flags.LOG_PATH)
 
         clean_targets: List[str] = value_or(cfg.clean_targets, [target_path])
         packages_install_path: str = value_or(cfg.packages_install_path, "dbt_packages")
@@ -545,6 +550,12 @@ def from_project_root(
             packages_specified_path,
         ) = package_and_project_data_from_root(project_root)
         selectors_dict = selector_data_from_root(project_root)
+
+        if "flags" in project_dict:
+            # We don't want to include "flags" in the Project,
+            # it goes in ProjectFlags
+            project_dict.pop("flags")
+
         return cls.from_dicts(
             project_root=project_root,
             project_dict=project_dict,
@@ -681,7 +692,6 @@ def to_project_config(self, with_packages=False):
                 "exposures": self.exposures,
                 "vars": self.vars.to_dict(),
                 "require-dbt-version": [v.to_version_string() for v in self.dbt_version],
-                "config-version": self.config_version,
                 "restrict-access": self.restrict_access,
                 "dbt-cloud": self.dbt_cloud,
             }
@@ -745,3 +755,52 @@ def get_macro_search_order(self, macro_namespace: str):
     def project_target_path(self):
         # If target_path is absolute, project_root will not be included
         return os.path.join(self.project_root, self.target_path)
+
+
+def read_project_flags(project_dir: str, profiles_dir: str) -> ProjectFlags:
+    try:
+        project_flags: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        # Read project_flags from dbt_project.yml first
+        # Flags are instantiated before the project, so we don't
+        # want to throw an error for non-existence of dbt_project.yml here
+        # because it breaks things.
+        project_root = os.path.normpath(project_dir)
+        project_yaml_filepath = os.path.join(project_root, DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME)
+        if path_exists(project_yaml_filepath):
+            try:
+                project_dict = load_raw_project(project_root)
+                if "flags" in project_dict:
+                    project_flags = project_dict.pop("flags")
+            except Exception:
+                # This is probably a yaml load error.The error will be reported
+                # later, when the project loads.
+                pass
+
+        from dbt.config.profile import read_profile
+
+        profile = read_profile(profiles_dir)
+        profile_project_flags: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = {}
+        if profile:
+            profile_project_flags = coerce_dict_str(profile.get("config", {}))
+
+        if project_flags and profile_project_flags:
+            raise DbtProjectError(
+                f"Do not specify both 'config' in profiles.yml and 'flags' in {DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME}. "
+                "Using 'config' in profiles.yml is deprecated."
+            )
+
+        if profile_project_flags:
+            # This can't use WARN_ERROR or WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS because they're in
+            # the config that we're loading. Uses special "warn" method.
+            deprecations.warn("project-flags-moved")
+            project_flags = profile_project_flags
+
+        if project_flags is not None:
+            ProjectFlags.validate(project_flags)
+            return ProjectFlags.from_dict(project_flags)
+    except (DbtProjectError) as exc:
+        # We don't want to eat the DbtProjectError for UserConfig to ProjectFlags
+        raise exc
+    except (DbtRuntimeError, ValidationError):
+        pass
+    return ProjectFlags()

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 from dbt.config.project import load_raw_project
 from dbt.contracts.connection import AdapterRequiredConfig, Credentials, HasCredentials
 from dbt.contracts.graph.manifest import ManifestMetadata
-from dbt.contracts.project import Configuration, UserConfig
+from dbt.contracts.project import Configuration
 from dbt.contracts.relation import ComponentName
 from dbt.dataclass_schema import ValidationError
 from dbt.events.functions import warn_or_error
@@ -176,7 +176,6 @@ def from_parts(
             profile_env_vars=profile.profile_env_vars,
             profile_name=profile.profile_name,
             target_name=profile.target_name,
-            user_config=profile.user_config,
             threads=profile.threads,
             credentials=profile.credentials,
             args=args,
@@ -428,7 +427,6 @@ def _connection_keys(self):
 class UnsetProfile(Profile):
     def __init__(self):
         self.credentials = UnsetCredentials()
-        self.user_config = UserConfig()  # This will be read in _get_rendered_profile
         self.profile_name = ""
         self.target_name = ""
         self.threads = -1

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
     "https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/package-management#section-specifying-package-versions"
 )
 
+DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME = "dbt_project.yml"
 PACKAGES_FILE_NAME = "packages.yml"
 DEPENDENCIES_FILE_NAME = "dependencies.yml"
 MANIFEST_FILE_NAME = "manifest.json"

@@ -181,17 +181,9 @@ def __post_serialize__(self, dct):
         return dct
 
 
-class UserConfigContract(Protocol):
-    send_anonymous_usage_stats: bool
-    use_colors: Optional[bool] = None
-    partial_parse: Optional[bool] = None
-    printer_width: Optional[int] = None
-
-
 class HasCredentials(Protocol):
     credentials: Credentials
     profile_name: str
-    user_config: UserConfigContract
     target_name: str
     threads: int
 

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 )
 from typing_extensions import Protocol
 from uuid import UUID
-
 from dbt.contracts.graph.nodes import (
     BaseNode,
     Documentation,
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@
 from dbt.events.contextvars import get_node_info
 from dbt.node_types import NodeType, AccessType
 from dbt.flags import get_flags, MP_CONTEXT
-from dbt import tracking
+from dbt import tracking, deprecations
 import dbt.utils
 
 
@@ -562,11 +561,29 @@ def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
 
 
 class CandidateList(List[M]):
-    def last(self) -> Optional[Macro]:
+    def last_candidate(
+        self, valid_localities: Optional[List[Locality]] = None
+    ) -> Optional[MacroCandidate]:
+        """
+        Obtain the last (highest precedence) MacroCandidate from the CandidateList of any locality in valid_localities.
+        If valid_localities is not specified, return the last MacroCandidate of any locality.
+        """
         if not self:
             return None
         self.sort()
-        return self[-1].macro
+
+        if valid_localities is None:
+            return self[-1]
+
+        for candidate in reversed(self):
+            if candidate.locality in valid_localities:
+                return candidate
+
+        return None
+
+    def last(self) -> Optional[Macro]:
+        last_candidate = self.last_candidate()
+        return last_candidate.macro if last_candidate is not None else None
 
 
 def _get_locality(macro: Macro, root_project_name: str, internal_packages: Set[str]) -> Locality:
@@ -850,7 +867,33 @@ def find_materialization_macro_by_name(
                 for specificity, atype in enumerate(self._get_parent_adapter_types(adapter_type))
             )
         )
-        return candidates.last()
+        core_candidates = [
+            candidate for candidate in candidates if candidate.locality == Locality.Core
+        ]
+
+        materialization_candidate = candidates.last_candidate()
+        # If an imported materialization macro was found that also had a core candidate, fire a deprecation
+        if (
+            materialization_candidate is not None
+            and materialization_candidate.locality == Locality.Imported
+            and core_candidates
+        ):
+            # preserve legacy behaviour - allow materialization override
+            if (
+                get_flags().require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations
+                is False
+            ):
+                deprecations.warn(
+                    "package-materialization-override",
+                    package_name=materialization_candidate.macro.package_name,
+                    materialization_name=materialization_name,
+                )
+            else:
+                materialization_candidate = candidates.last_candidate(
+                    valid_localities=[Locality.Core, Locality.Root]
+                )
+
+        return materialization_candidate.macro if materialization_candidate else None
 
     def get_resource_fqns(self) -> Mapping[str, PathSet]:
         resource_fqns: Dict[str, Set[Tuple[str, ...]]] = {}

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from dbt.contracts.util import Replaceable, Mergeable, list_str, Identifier
-from dbt.contracts.connection import QueryComment, UserConfigContract
+from dbt.contracts.connection import QueryComment
 from dbt.helper_types import NoValue
 from dbt.dataclass_schema import (
     dbtClassMixin,
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ def validate(cls, data):
 
 
 @dataclass
-class UserConfig(ExtensibleDbtClassMixin, Replaceable, UserConfigContract):
+class ProjectFlags(ExtensibleDbtClassMixin, Replaceable):
     cache_selected_only: Optional[bool] = None
     debug: Optional[bool] = None
     fail_fast: Optional[bool] = None
@@ -260,6 +260,7 @@ class UserConfig(ExtensibleDbtClassMixin, Replaceable, UserConfigContract):
     partial_parse: Optional[bool] = None
     populate_cache: Optional[bool] = None
     printer_width: Optional[int] = None
+    require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations: bool = False
     send_anonymous_usage_stats: bool = DEFAULT_SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS
     static_parser: Optional[bool] = None
     use_colors: Optional[bool] = None
@@ -270,12 +271,17 @@ class UserConfig(ExtensibleDbtClassMixin, Replaceable, UserConfigContract):
     warn_error_options: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None
     write_json: Optional[bool] = None
 
+    @property
+    def project_only_flags(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {
+            "require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations": self.require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations,
+        }
+
 
 @dataclass
 class ProfileConfig(HyphenatedDbtClassMixin, Replaceable):
     profile_name: str = field(metadata={"preserve_underscore": True})
     target_name: str = field(metadata={"preserve_underscore": True})
-    user_config: UserConfig = field(metadata={"preserve_underscore": True})
     threads: int
     # TODO: make this a dynamic union of some kind?
     credentials: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

@@ -96,6 +96,25 @@ class CollectFreshnessReturnSignature(DBTDeprecation):
     _event = "CollectFreshnessReturnSignature"
 
 
+class ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation(DBTDeprecation):
+    _name = "project-flags-moved"
+    _event = "ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation"
+
+    def show(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        if self.name not in active_deprecations:
+            event = self.event(**kwargs)
+            # We can't do warn_or_error because the ProjectFlags
+            # is where that is set up and we're just reading it.
+            dbt.events.functions.fire_event(event)
+            self.track_deprecation_warn()
+            active_deprecations.add(self.name)
+
+
+class PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation(DBTDeprecation):
+    _name = "package-materialization-override"
+    _event = "PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation"
+
+
 def renamed_env_var(old_name: str, new_name: str):
     class EnvironmentVariableRenamed(DBTDeprecation):
         _name = f"environment-variable-renamed:{old_name}"
@@ -134,6 +153,8 @@ def warn(name, *args, **kwargs):
     ConfigLogPathDeprecation(),
     ConfigTargetPathDeprecation(),
     CollectFreshnessReturnSignature(),
+    ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation(),
+    PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation(),
 ]
 
 deprecations: Dict[str, DBTDeprecation] = {d.name: d for d in deprecations_list}

@@ -394,6 +394,26 @@ message CollectFreshnessReturnSignatureMsg {
     CollectFreshnessReturnSignature data = 2;
 }
 
+// D013
+message ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation {
+}
+
+message ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecationMsg {
+    EventInfo info = 1;
+    ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation data = 2;
+}
+
+// D016
+message PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation {
+    string package_name = 1;
+    string materialization_name = 2;
+}
+
+message PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecationMsg {
+    EventInfo info = 1;
+    PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation data = 2;
+}
+
 // E - DB Adapter
 
 // E001

@@ -797,6 +797,29 @@ def message(self) -> str:
         return line_wrap_message(warning_tag(msg))
 
 
+class ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation(WarnLevel):
+    def code(self) -> str:
+        return "D013"
+
+    def message(self) -> str:
+        description = (
+            "User config should be moved from the 'config' key in profiles.yml to the 'flags' "
+            "key in dbt_project.yml."
+        )
+        # Can't use line_wrap_message here because flags.printer_width isn't available yet
+        return warning_tag(f"Deprecated functionality\n\n{description}")
+
+
+class PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation(WarnLevel):
+    def code(self) -> str:
+        return "D016"
+
+    def message(self) -> str:
+        description = f"Installed package '{self.package_name}' is overriding the built-in materialization '{self.materialization_name}'. Overrides of built-in materializations from installed packages will be deprecated in future versions of dbt. Please refer to https://docs.getdbt.com/reference/global-configs/legacy-behaviors#require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations for detailed documentation and suggested workarounds."
+
+        return line_wrap_message(warning_tag(description))
+
+
 # =======================================================
 # I - Project parsing
 # =======================================================

@@ -39,23 +39,24 @@ def get_flags():
     return GLOBAL_FLAGS
 
 
-def set_from_args(args: Namespace, user_config):
+def set_from_args(args: Namespace, project_flags):
     global GLOBAL_FLAGS
     from dbt.cli.main import cli
     from dbt.cli.flags import Flags, convert_config
 
-    # we set attributes of args after initialize the flags, but user_config
+    # we set attributes of args after initialize the flags, but project_flags
     # is being read in the Flags constructor, so we need to read it here and pass in
-    # to make sure we use the correct user_config
-    if (hasattr(args, "PROFILES_DIR") or hasattr(args, "profiles_dir")) and not user_config:
-        from dbt.config.profile import read_user_config
+    # to make sure we use the correct project_flags
+    profiles_dir = getattr(args, "PROFILES_DIR", None) or getattr(args, "profiles_dir", None)
+    project_dir = getattr(args, "PROJECT_DIR", None) or getattr(args, "project_dir", None)
+    if profiles_dir and project_dir:
+        from dbt.config.project import read_project_flags
 
-        profiles_dir = getattr(args, "PROFILES_DIR", None) or getattr(args, "profiles_dir")
-        user_config = read_user_config(profiles_dir)
+        project_flags = read_project_flags(project_dir, profiles_dir)
 
     # make a dummy context to get the flags, totally arbitrary
     ctx = cli.make_context("run", ["run"])
-    flags = Flags(ctx, user_config)
+    flags = Flags(ctx, project_flags)
     for arg_name, args_param_value in vars(args).items():
         args_param_value = convert_config(arg_name, args_param_value)
         object.__setattr__(flags, arg_name.upper(), args_param_value)

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # name or the intended use of these models
 name: '{project_name}'
 version: '1.0.0'
-config-version: 2
 
 # This setting configures which "profile" dbt uses for this project.
 profile: '{profile_name}'

@@ -142,7 +142,6 @@ def profiles_config_update():
 @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
 def dbt_profile_data(unique_schema, dbt_profile_target, profiles_config_update):
     profile = {
-        "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
         "test": {
             "outputs": {
                 "default": {},
@@ -181,6 +180,7 @@ def dbt_project_yml(project_root, project_config_update):
     project_config = {
         "name": "test",
         "profile": "test",
+        "flags": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
     }
     if project_config_update:
         if isinstance(project_config_update, dict):

@@ -471,7 +471,6 @@ def process(self, record):
 
 
 def initialize_from_flags(send_anonymous_usage_stats, profiles_dir):
-    # Setting these used to be in UserConfig, but had to be moved here
     global active_user
     if send_anonymous_usage_stats:
         active_user = User(profiles_dir)

@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ def _connection_exception_retry(fn, max_attempts: int, attempt: int = 0):
 def args_to_dict(args):
     var_args = vars(args).copy()
     # update the args with the flags, which could also come from environment
-    # variables or user_config
+    # variables or project_flags
     flag_dict = flags.get_flag_dict()
     var_args.update(flag_dict)
     dict_args = {}

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ def models():
 def dbt_profile_data(unique_schema):
 
     return {
-        "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
         "test": {
             "outputs": {
                 "default": {

@@ -77,11 +77,16 @@ def test_dbt_cloud(self, project):
         conf = yaml.safe_load(
             Path(os.path.join(project.project_root, "dbt_project.yml")).read_text()
         )
-        assert conf == {"name": "test", "profile": "test"}
+        assert conf == {
+            "name": "test",
+            "profile": "test",
+            "flags": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
+        }
 
         config = {
             "name": "test",
             "profile": "test",
+            "flags": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
             "dbt-cloud": {
                 "account_id": "123",
                 "application": "test",

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ class TestDisabledConfigs(BaseConfigProject):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def dbt_profile_data(self, unique_schema):
         return {
-            "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
             "test": {
                 "outputs": {
                     "default": {

@@ -253,6 +253,10 @@ class TestSimpleDependencyNoVersionCheckConfig(BaseDependencyTest):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def project_config_update(self):
         return {
+            "flags": {
+                "send_anonymous_usage_stats": False,
+                "version_check": False,
+            },
             "models": {
                 "schema": "dbt_test",
             },
@@ -261,15 +265,6 @@ def project_config_update(self):
             },
         }
 
-    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
-    def profiles_config_update(self):
-        return {
-            "config": {
-                "send_anonymous_usage_stats": False,
-                "version_check": False,
-            }
-        }
-
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def macros(self):
         return {"macro.sql": macros__macro_override_schema_sql}

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 
 from dbt import deprecations
 import dbt.exceptions
-from dbt.tests.util import run_dbt
+from dbt.tests.util import run_dbt, write_file
+import yaml
 
 
 models__already_exists_sql = """
@@ -157,3 +158,31 @@ def test_exposure_name_fail(self, project):
         exc_str = " ".join(str(exc.value).split())  # flatten all whitespace
         expected_msg = "Starting in v1.3, the 'name' of an exposure should contain only letters, numbers, and underscores."
         assert expected_msg in exc_str
+
+
+class TestPrjectFlagsMovedDeprecation:
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def profiles_config_update(self):
+        return {
+            "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
+        }
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def dbt_project_yml(self, project_root, project_config_update):
+        project_config = {
+            "name": "test",
+            "profile": "test",
+        }
+        write_file(yaml.safe_dump(project_config), project_root, "dbt_project.yml")
+        return project_config
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def models(self):
+        return {"my_model.sql": "select 1 as fun"}
+
+    def test_profile_config_deprecation(self, project):
+        deprecations.reset_deprecations()
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == set()
+        run_dbt(["parse"])
+        expected = {"project-flags-moved"}
+        assert expected == deprecations.active_deprecations

@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@ def test_fail_fast_run(
 
 class TestFailFastFromConfig(FailFastBase):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
-    def profiles_config_update(self):
+    def project_config_update(self):
         return {
-            "config": {
+            "flags": {
                 "send_anonymous_usage_stats": False,
                 "fail_fast": True,
             }
         }
 
-    def test_fail_fast_run_user_config(
+    def test_fail_fast_run_project_flags(
         self,
         project,
         models,  # noqa: F811

@@ -67,9 +67,7 @@ def test_init_task_in_project_with_existing_profiles_yml(
         with open(os.path.join(project.profiles_dir, "profiles.yml"), "r") as f:
             assert (
                 f.read()
-                == """config:
-  send_anonymous_usage_stats: false
-test:
+                == """test:
   outputs:
     dev:
       dbname: test_db
@@ -369,9 +367,7 @@ def test_init_task_in_project_with_invalid_profile_template(
         with open(os.path.join(project.profiles_dir, "profiles.yml"), "r") as f:
             assert (
                 f.read()
-                == """config:
-  send_anonymous_usage_stats: false
-test:
+                == """test:
   outputs:
     dev:
       dbname: test_db
@@ -408,7 +404,6 @@ class TestInitOutsideOfProject(TestInitOutsideOfProjectBase):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def dbt_profile_data(self, unique_schema):
         return {
-            "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
             "test": {
                 "outputs": {
                     "default2": {
@@ -491,9 +486,7 @@ def test_init_task_outside_of_project(
         with open(os.path.join(project.profiles_dir, "profiles.yml"), "r") as f:
             assert (
                 f.read()
-                == f"""config:
-  send_anonymous_usage_stats: false
-{project_name}:
+                == f"""{project_name}:
   outputs:
     dev:
       dbname: test_db
@@ -538,7 +531,6 @@ def test_init_task_outside_of_project(
 # name or the intended use of these models
 name: '{project_name}'
 version: '1.0.0'
-config-version: 2
 
 # This setting configures which "profile" dbt uses for this project.
 profile: '{project_name}'
@@ -657,7 +649,6 @@ def test_init_provided_project_name_and_skip_profile_setup(
 # name or the intended use of these models
 name: '{project_name}'
 version: '1.0.0'
-config-version: 2
 
 # This setting configures which "profile" dbt uses for this project.
 profile: '{project_name}'

@@ -325,6 +325,21 @@
 {%- endmaterialization -%}
 """
 
+custom_materialization_dep__dbt_project_yml = """
+name: custom_materialization_default
+macro-paths: ['macros']
+"""
+
+custom_materialization_sql = """
+{% materialization custom_materialization, default %}
+    {%- set target_relation = this.incorporate(type='table') %}
+    {% call statement('main') -%}
+        select 1 as column1
+    {%- endcall %}
+    {{ return({'relations': [target_relation]}) }}
+{% endmaterialization %}
+"""
+
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
 def override_view_adapter_pass_dep(project_root):
@@ -368,3 +383,12 @@ def override_view_return_no_relation(project_root):
         },
     }
     write_project_files(project_root, "override-view-return-no-relation", files)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+def custom_materialization_dep(project_root):
+    files = {
+        "dbt_project.yml": custom_materialization_dep__dbt_project_yml,
+        "macros": {"custom_materialization.sql": custom_materialization_sql},
+    }
+    write_project_files(project_root, "custom-materialization-dep", files)

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 from dbt.tests.util import run_dbt
-
+from dbt import deprecations
 
 models__model_sql = """
 {{ config(materialized='view') }}
@@ -10,34 +10,196 @@
 """
 
 
+models_custom_materialization__model_sql = """
+{{ config(materialized='custom_materialization') }}
+select 1 as id
+
+"""
+
+
 @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
 def models():
     return {"model.sql": models__model_sql}
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+def set_up_deprecations():
+    deprecations.reset_deprecations()
+    assert deprecations.active_deprecations == set()
+
+
 class TestOverrideAdapterDependency:
     # make sure that if there's a dependency with an adapter-specific
     # materialization, we honor that materialization
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def packages(self):
         return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-adapter-dep"}]}
 
-    def test_adapter_dependency(self, project, override_view_adapter_dep):
+    def test_adapter_dependency(self, project, override_view_adapter_dep, set_up_deprecations):
+        run_dbt(["deps"])
+        # this should error because the override is buggy
+        run_dbt(["run"], expect_pass=False)
+
+        # overriding a built-in materialization scoped to adapter from package is deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == {"package-materialization-override"}
+
+
+class TestOverrideAdapterDependencyDeprecated:
+    # make sure that if there's a dependency with an adapter-specific
+    # materialization, we honor that materialization
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def packages(self):
+        return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-adapter-dep"}]}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def project_config_update(self):
+        return {
+            "flags": {
+                "require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations": True,
+            },
+        }
+
+    def test_adapter_dependency_deprecate_overrides(
+        self, project, override_view_adapter_dep, set_up_deprecations
+    ):
+        run_dbt(["deps"])
+        # this should pass because the override is buggy and unused
+        run_dbt(["run"])
+
+        # no deprecation warning -- flag used correctly
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == set()
+
+
+class TestOverrideAdapterDependencyLegacy:
+    # make sure that if there's a dependency with an adapter-specific
+    # materialization, we honor that materialization
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def packages(self):
+        return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-adapter-dep"}]}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def project_config_update(self):
+        return {
+            "flags": {
+                "require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations": False,
+            },
+        }
+
+    def test_adapter_dependency(self, project, override_view_adapter_dep, set_up_deprecations):
         run_dbt(["deps"])
         # this should error because the override is buggy
         run_dbt(["run"], expect_pass=False)
 
+        # overriding a built-in materialization scoped to adapter from package is deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == {"package-materialization-override"}
+
 
 class TestOverrideDefaultDependency:
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def packages(self):
         return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-default-dep"}]}
 
-    def test_default_dependency(self, project, override_view_default_dep):
+    def test_default_dependency(self, project, override_view_default_dep, set_up_deprecations):
+        run_dbt(["deps"])
+        # this should error because the override is buggy
+        run_dbt(["run"], expect_pass=False)
+
+        # overriding a built-in materialization from package is deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == {"package-materialization-override"}
+
+
+class TestOverrideDefaultDependencyDeprecated:
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def packages(self):
+        return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-default-dep"}]}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def project_config_update(self):
+        return {
+            "flags": {
+                "require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations": True,
+            },
+        }
+
+    def test_default_dependency_deprecated(
+        self, project, override_view_default_dep, set_up_deprecations
+    ):
+        run_dbt(["deps"])
+        # this should pass because the override is buggy and unused
+        run_dbt(["run"])
+
+        # overriding a built-in materialization from package is deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == set()
+
+
+class TestOverrideDefaultDependencyLegacy:
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def packages(self):
+        return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-default-dep"}]}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def project_config_update(self):
+        return {
+            "flags": {
+                "require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations": False,
+            },
+        }
+
+    def test_default_dependency(self, project, override_view_default_dep, set_up_deprecations):
+        run_dbt(["deps"])
+        # this should error because the override is buggy
+        run_dbt(["run"], expect_pass=False)
+
+        # overriding a built-in materialization from package is deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == {"package-materialization-override"}
+
+
+root_view_override_macro = """
+{% materialization view, default %}
+ {{ return(view_default_override.materialization_view_default()) }}
+{% endmaterialization %}
+"""
+
+
+class TestOverrideDefaultDependencyRootOverride:
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def packages(self):
+        return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-default-dep"}]}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def macros(self):
+        return {"my_view.sql": root_view_override_macro}
+
+    def test_default_dependency_with_root_override(
+        self, project, override_view_default_dep, set_up_deprecations
+    ):
         run_dbt(["deps"])
         # this should error because the override is buggy
         run_dbt(["run"], expect_pass=False)
 
+        # using an package-overriden built-in materialization in a root matereialization is _not_ deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == set()
+
+
+class TestCustomMaterializationDependency:
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def models(self):
+        return {"model.sql": models_custom_materialization__model_sql}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def packages(self):
+        return {"packages": [{"local": "custom-materialization-dep"}]}
+
+    def test_custom_materialization_deopendency(
+        self, project, custom_materialization_dep, set_up_deprecations
+    ):
+        run_dbt(["deps"])
+        # custom materilization is valid
+        run_dbt(["run"])
+
+        # using a custom materialization is from an installed package is _not_ deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == set()
+
 
 class TestOverrideAdapterDependencyPassing:
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ def setup(self, project):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def dbt_profile_data(self, unique_schema):
         return {
-            "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
             "test": {
                 "outputs": {
                     "default": {

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ def macros(self):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def dbt_profile_data(self, unique_schema):
         return {
-            "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
             "test": {
                 "outputs": {
                     "default": {

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 from dbt.cli.flags import Flags
 from dbt.cli.main import cli
 from dbt.cli.types import Command
-from dbt.contracts.project import UserConfig
+from dbt.contracts.project import ProjectFlags
 from dbt.exceptions import DbtInternalError
 from dbt.helper_types import WarnErrorOptions
 from dbt.tests.util import rm_file, write_file
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ def run_context(self) -> click.Context:
         return self.make_dbt_context("run", ["run"])
 
     @pytest.fixture
-    def user_config(self) -> UserConfig:
-        return UserConfig()
+    def project_flags(self) -> ProjectFlags:
+        return ProjectFlags()
 
     def test_which(self, run_context):
         flags = Flags(run_context)
@@ -110,35 +110,35 @@ def test_anonymous_usage_state(
         flags = Flags(run_context)
         assert flags.SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS == expected_anonymous_usage_stats
 
-    def test_empty_user_config_uses_default(self, run_context, user_config):
-        flags = Flags(run_context, user_config)
+    def test_empty_project_flags_uses_default(self, run_context, project_flags):
+        flags = Flags(run_context, project_flags)
         assert flags.USE_COLORS == run_context.params["use_colors"]
 
-    def test_none_user_config_uses_default(self, run_context):
+    def test_none_project_flags_uses_default(self, run_context):
         flags = Flags(run_context, None)
         assert flags.USE_COLORS == run_context.params["use_colors"]
 
-    def test_prefer_user_config_to_default(self, run_context, user_config):
-        user_config.use_colors = False
+    def test_prefer_project_flags_to_default(self, run_context, project_flags):
+        project_flags.use_colors = False
         # ensure default value is not the same as user config
-        assert run_context.params["use_colors"] is not user_config.use_colors
+        assert run_context.params["use_colors"] is not project_flags.use_colors
 
-        flags = Flags(run_context, user_config)
-        assert flags.USE_COLORS == user_config.use_colors
+        flags = Flags(run_context, project_flags)
+        assert flags.USE_COLORS == project_flags.use_colors
 
-    def test_prefer_param_value_to_user_config(self):
-        user_config = UserConfig(use_colors=False)
+    def test_prefer_param_value_to_project_flags(self):
+        project_flags = ProjectFlags(use_colors=False)
         context = self.make_dbt_context("run", ["--use-colors", "True", "run"])
 
-        flags = Flags(context, user_config)
+        flags = Flags(context, project_flags)
         assert flags.USE_COLORS
 
-    def test_prefer_env_to_user_config(self, monkeypatch, user_config):
-        user_config.use_colors = False
+    def test_prefer_env_to_project_flags(self, monkeypatch, project_flags):
+        project_flags.use_colors = False
         monkeypatch.setenv("DBT_USE_COLORS", "True")
         context = self.make_dbt_context("run", ["run"])
 
-        flags = Flags(context, user_config)
+        flags = Flags(context, project_flags)
         assert flags.USE_COLORS
 
     def test_mutually_exclusive_options_passed_separately(self):
@@ -163,14 +163,14 @@ def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_cli(self):
             Flags(context)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("warn_error", [True, False])
-    def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_user_config(self, warn_error, user_config):
-        user_config.warn_error = warn_error
+    def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_project_flags(self, warn_error, project_flags):
+        project_flags.warn_error = warn_error
         context = self.make_dbt_context(
             "run", ["--warn-error-options", '{"include": "all"}', "run"]
         )
 
         with pytest.raises(DbtUsageException):
-            Flags(context, user_config)
+            Flags(context, project_flags)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("warn_error", ["True", "False"])
     def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_envvar(self, warn_error, monkeypatch):
@@ -182,14 +182,16 @@ def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_envvar(self, warn_error, monkeypatch):
             Flags(context)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("warn_error", [True, False])
-    def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_cli_and_user_config(self, warn_error, user_config):
-        user_config.warn_error = warn_error
+    def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_cli_and_project_flags(
+        self, warn_error, project_flags
+    ):
+        project_flags.warn_error = warn_error
         context = self.make_dbt_context(
             "run", ["--warn-error-options", '{"include": "all"}', "run"]
         )
 
         with pytest.raises(DbtUsageException):
-            Flags(context, user_config)
+            Flags(context, project_flags)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("warn_error", ["True", "False"])
     def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_cli_and_envvar(self, warn_error, monkeypatch):
@@ -202,15 +204,15 @@ def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_cli_and_envvar(self, warn_error, monkey
             Flags(context)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("warn_error", ["True", "False"])
-    def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_user_config_and_envvar(
-        self, user_config, warn_error, monkeypatch
+    def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_project_flags_and_envvar(
+        self, project_flags, warn_error, monkeypatch
     ):
-        user_config.warn_error = warn_error
+        project_flags.warn_error = warn_error
         monkeypatch.setenv("DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS", '{"include": "all"}')
         context = self.make_dbt_context("run", ["run"])
 
         with pytest.raises(DbtUsageException):
-            Flags(context, user_config)
+            Flags(context, project_flags)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "cli_colors,cli_colors_file,flag_colors,flag_colors_file",
@@ -319,10 +321,10 @@ def test_log_format_interaction(
         assert flags.LOG_FORMAT_FILE == flag_log_format_file
 
     def test_log_settings_from_config(self):
-        """Test that values set in UserConfig for log settings will set flags as expected"""
+        """Test that values set in ProjectFlags for log settings will set flags as expected"""
         context = self.make_dbt_context("run", ["run"])
 
-        config = UserConfig(log_format="json", log_level="warn", use_colors=False)
+        config = ProjectFlags(log_format="json", log_level="warn", use_colors=False)
 
         flags = Flags(context, config)
 
@@ -334,11 +336,11 @@ def test_log_settings_from_config(self):
         assert flags.USE_COLORS_FILE is False
 
     def test_log_file_settings_from_config(self):
-        """Test that values set in UserConfig for log *file* settings will set flags as expected, leaving the console
+        """Test that values set in ProjectFlags for log *file* settings will set flags as expected, leaving the console
         logging flags with their default values"""
         context = self.make_dbt_context("run", ["run"])
 
-        config = UserConfig(log_format_file="json", log_level_file="warn", use_colors_file=False)
+        config = ProjectFlags(log_format_file="json", log_level_file="warn", use_colors_file=False)
 
         flags = Flags(context, config)
 
@@ -369,6 +371,14 @@ def test_global_flag_at_child_context(self):
 
         assert flags_a.USE_COLORS == flags_b.USE_COLORS
 
+    def test_set_project_only_flags(self, project_flags, run_context):
+        flags = Flags(run_context, project_flags)
+
+        for project_only_flag, project_only_flag_value in project_flags.project_only_flags.items():
+            assert getattr(flags, project_only_flag) == project_only_flag_value
+            # sanity check: ensure project_only_flag is not part of the click context
+            assert project_only_flag not in run_context.params
+
     def _create_flags_from_dict(self, cmd, d):
         write_file("", "profiles.yml")
         result = Flags.from_dict(cmd, d)
@@ -409,3 +419,38 @@ def test_from_dict_0_value(self):
         args_dict = {"log_file_max_bytes": 0}
         flags = Flags.from_dict(Command.RUN, args_dict)
         assert flags.LOG_FILE_MAX_BYTES == 0
+
+
+def test_project_flag_defaults():
+    flags = ProjectFlags()
+    # From # 9183: Let's add a unit test that ensures that:
+    # every attribute of ProjectFlags that has a corresponding click option
+    # in params.py should be set to None by default (except for anon user
+    # tracking). Going forward, flags can have non-None defaults if they
+    # do not have a corresponding CLI option/env var. These will be used
+    # to control backwards incompatible interface or behaviour changes.
+
+    # List of all flags except send_anonymous_usage_stats
+    project_flags = [
+        "cache_selected_only",
+        "debug",
+        "fail_fast",
+        "indirect_selection",
+        "log_format",
+        "log_format_file",
+        "log_level",
+        "log_level_file",
+        "partial_parse",
+        "populate_cache",
+        "printer_width",
+        "static_parser",
+        "use_colors",
+        "use_colors_file",
+        "use_experimental_parser",
+        "version_check",
+        "warn_error",
+        "warn_error_options",
+        "write_json",
+    ]
+    for flag in project_flags:
+        assert getattr(flags, flag) is None

@@ -119,12 +119,17 @@ class BaseConfigTest(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def setUp(self):
+        # Write project
+        self.project_dir = normalize(tempfile.mkdtemp())
         self.default_project_data = {
             "version": "0.0.1",
             "name": "my_test_project",
             "profile": "default",
-            "config-version": 2,
         }
+        self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
+
+        # Write profile
+        self.profiles_dir = normalize(tempfile.mkdtemp())
         self.default_profile_data = {
             "default": {
                 "outputs": {
@@ -176,6 +181,8 @@ def setUp(self):
             },
             "empty_profile_data": {},
         }
+        self.write_profile(self.default_profile_data)
+
         self.args = Namespace(
             profiles_dir=self.profiles_dir,
             cli_vars={},
@@ -203,13 +210,6 @@ def assertRaisesOrReturns(self, exc):
         else:
             return self.assertRaises(exc)
 
-
-class BaseFileTest(BaseConfigTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.project_dir = normalize(tempfile.mkdtemp())
-        self.profiles_dir = normalize(tempfile.mkdtemp())
-        super().setUp()
-
     def tearDown(self):
         try:
             shutil.rmtree(self.project_dir)
@@ -248,11 +248,6 @@ def write_empty_profile(self):
 
 
 class TestProfile(BaseConfigTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.profiles_dir = "/invalid-path"
-        self.project_dir = "/invalid-project-path"
-        super().setUp()
-
     def from_raw_profiles(self):
         renderer = empty_profile_renderer()
         return dbt.config.Profile.from_raw_profiles(self.default_profile_data, "default", renderer)
@@ -262,8 +257,6 @@ def test_from_raw_profiles(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
         self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.threads, 7)
-        self.assertTrue(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(profile.credentials, PostgresCredentials))
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.type, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.host, "postgres-db-hostname")
@@ -273,29 +266,6 @@ def test_from_raw_profiles(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.schema, "postgres-schema")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.database, "postgres-db-name")
 
-    def test_config_override(self):
-        self.default_profile_data["config"] = {
-            "send_anonymous_usage_stats": False,
-            "use_colors": False,
-        }
-        profile = self.from_raw_profiles()
-        self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
-        self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "postgres")
-        self.assertFalse(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertFalse(profile.user_config.use_colors)
-
-    def test_partial_config_override(self):
-        self.default_profile_data["config"] = {
-            "send_anonymous_usage_stats": False,
-            "printer_width": 60,
-        }
-        profile = self.from_raw_profiles()
-        self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
-        self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "postgres")
-        self.assertFalse(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
-        self.assertEqual(profile.user_config.printer_width, 60)
-
     def test_missing_type(self):
         del self.default_profile_data["default"]["outputs"]["postgres"]["type"]
         with self.assertRaises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProfileError) as exc:
@@ -337,7 +307,7 @@ def test_extra_path(self):
             }
         )
         with self.assertRaises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProjectError) as exc:
-            project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+            project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir)
 
         self.assertIn("source-paths and model-paths", str(exc.exception))
         self.assertIn("cannot both be defined.", str(exc.exception))
@@ -403,11 +373,7 @@ def test_invalid_env_vars(self):
         self.assertIn("Could not convert value 'hello' into type 'number'", str(exc.exception))
 
 
-class TestProfileFile(BaseFileTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        super().setUp()
-        self.write_profile(self.default_profile_data)
-
+class TestProfileFile(BaseConfigTest):
     def from_raw_profile_info(self, raw_profile=None, profile_name="default", **kwargs):
         if raw_profile is None:
             raw_profile = self.default_profile_data["default"]
@@ -438,8 +404,6 @@ def test_profile_simple(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
         self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.threads, 7)
-        self.assertTrue(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(profile.credentials, PostgresCredentials))
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.type, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.host, "postgres-db-hostname")
@@ -464,8 +428,6 @@ def test_profile_override(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "other")
         self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "other-postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.threads, 3)
-        self.assertTrue(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(profile.credentials, PostgresCredentials))
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.type, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.host, "other-postgres-db-hostname")
@@ -485,8 +447,6 @@ def test_env_vars(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
         self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "with-vars")
         self.assertEqual(profile.threads, 1)
-        self.assertTrue(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.type, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.host, "env-postgres-host")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.port, 6543)
@@ -505,8 +465,6 @@ def test_env_vars_env_target(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
         self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "with-vars")
         self.assertEqual(profile.threads, 1)
-        self.assertTrue(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.type, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.host, "env-postgres-host")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.port, 6543)
@@ -537,8 +495,6 @@ def test_cli_and_env_vars(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
         self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "cli-and-env-vars")
         self.assertEqual(profile.threads, 1)
-        self.assertTrue(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.type, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.host, "cli-postgres-host")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.port, 6543)
@@ -567,18 +523,19 @@ def test_profile_with_empty_profile_data(self):
 
 
 def project_from_config_norender(
-    cfg, packages=None, path="/invalid-root-path", verify_version=False
+    cfg, packages=None, project_root="/invalid-root-path", verify_version=False
 ):
     if packages is None:
         packages = {}
     partial = dbt.config.project.PartialProject.from_dicts(
-        path,
+        project_root,
         project_dict=cfg,
         packages_dict=packages,
         selectors_dict={},
         verify_version=verify_version,
     )
-    # no rendering
+    # no rendering ... Why?
+    partial.project_dict["project-root"] = project_root
     rendered = dbt.config.project.RenderComponents(
         project_dict=partial.project_dict,
         packages_dict=partial.packages_dict,
@@ -590,14 +547,14 @@ def project_from_config_norender(
 def project_from_config_rendered(
     cfg,
     packages=None,
-    path="/invalid-root-path",
+    project_root="/invalid-root-path",
     verify_version=False,
     packages_specified_path=PACKAGES_FILE_NAME,
 ):
     if packages is None:
         packages = {}
     partial = dbt.config.project.PartialProject.from_dicts(
-        path,
+        project_root,
         project_dict=cfg,
         packages_dict=packages,
         selectors_dict={},
@@ -608,18 +565,14 @@ def project_from_config_rendered(
 
 
 class TestProject(BaseConfigTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.profiles_dir = "/invalid-profiles-path"
-        self.project_dir = "/invalid-root-path"
-        super().setUp()
-        self.default_project_data["project-root"] = self.project_dir
-
     def test_defaults(self):
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.project_name, "my_test_project")
         self.assertEqual(project.version, "0.0.1")
         self.assertEqual(project.profile_name, "default")
-        self.assertEqual(project.project_root, "/invalid-root-path")
+        self.assertEqual(project.project_root, self.project_dir)
         self.assertEqual(project.model_paths, ["models"])
         self.assertEqual(project.macro_paths, ["macros"])
         self.assertEqual(project.seed_paths, ["seeds"])
@@ -645,30 +598,38 @@ def test_defaults(self):
         str(project)
 
     def test_eq(self):
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
-        other = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
+        other = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project, other)
 
     def test_neq(self):
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertNotEqual(project, object())
 
     def test_implicit_overrides(self):
         self.default_project_data.update(
             {
                 "model-paths": ["other-models"],
-                "target-path": "other-target",
             }
         )
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(
             set(project.docs_paths),
             set(["other-models", "seeds", "snapshots", "analyses", "macros"]),
         )
-        self.assertEqual(project.clean_targets, ["other-target"])
 
     def test_hashed_name(self):
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.hashed_name(), "754cd47eac1d6f50a5f7cd399ec43da4")
 
     def test_all_overrides(self):
@@ -682,7 +643,6 @@ def test_all_overrides(self):
                 "analysis-paths": ["other-analyses"],
                 "docs-paths": ["docs"],
                 "asset-paths": ["other-assets"],
-                "target-path": "other-target",
                 "clean-targets": ["another-target"],
                 "packages-install-path": "other-dbt_packages",
                 "quoting": {"identifier": False},
@@ -731,19 +691,19 @@ def test_all_overrides(self):
                 {"git": "git@example.com:dbt-labs/dbt-utils.git", "revision": "test-rev"},
             ],
         }
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data, packages=packages)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir, packages=packages
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.project_name, "my_test_project")
         self.assertEqual(project.version, "0.0.1")
         self.assertEqual(project.profile_name, "default")
-        self.assertEqual(project.project_root, "/invalid-root-path")
         self.assertEqual(project.model_paths, ["other-models"])
         self.assertEqual(project.macro_paths, ["other-macros"])
         self.assertEqual(project.seed_paths, ["other-seeds"])
         self.assertEqual(project.test_paths, ["other-tests"])
         self.assertEqual(project.analysis_paths, ["other-analyses"])
         self.assertEqual(project.docs_paths, ["docs"])
         self.assertEqual(project.asset_paths, ["other-assets"])
-        self.assertEqual(project.target_path, "other-target")
         self.assertEqual(project.clean_targets, ["another-target"])
         self.assertEqual(project.packages_install_path, "other-dbt_packages")
         self.assertEqual(project.quoting, {"identifier": False})
@@ -815,11 +775,12 @@ def test_string_run_hooks(self):
     def test_invalid_project_name(self):
         self.default_project_data["name"] = "invalid-project-name"
         with self.assertRaises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProjectError) as exc:
-            project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+            project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir)
 
         self.assertIn("invalid-project-name", str(exc.exception))
 
     def test_no_project(self):
+        os.remove(os.path.join(self.project_dir, "dbt_project.yml"))
         renderer = empty_project_renderer()
         with self.assertRaises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProjectError) as exc:
             dbt.config.Project.from_project_root(self.project_dir, renderer)
@@ -829,12 +790,12 @@ def test_no_project(self):
     def test_invalid_version(self):
         self.default_project_data["require-dbt-version"] = "hello!"
         with self.assertRaises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProjectError):
-            project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+            project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir)
 
     def test_unsupported_version(self):
         self.default_project_data["require-dbt-version"] = ">99999.0.0"
         # allowed, because the RuntimeConfig checks, not the Project itself
-        project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir)
 
     def test_none_values(self):
         self.default_project_data.update(
@@ -884,7 +845,9 @@ def test_query_comment_disabled(self):
                 "query-comment": None,
             }
         )
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.comment, "")
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.append, False)
 
@@ -893,12 +856,16 @@ def test_query_comment_disabled(self):
                 "query-comment": "",
             }
         )
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.comment, "")
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.append, False)
 
     def test_default_query_comment(self):
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment, QueryComment())
 
     def test_default_query_comment_append(self):
@@ -907,7 +874,9 @@ def test_default_query_comment_append(self):
                 "query-comment": {"append": True},
             }
         )
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.comment, DEFAULT_QUERY_COMMENT)
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.append, True)
 
@@ -917,7 +886,9 @@ def test_custom_query_comment_append(self):
                 "query-comment": {"comment": "run by user test", "append": True},
             }
         )
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.comment, "run by user test")
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.append, True)
 
@@ -939,17 +910,13 @@ def test_packages_from_dependencies(self):
         assert git_package.git == "{{ env_var('some_package') }}"
 
 
-class TestProjectFile(BaseFileTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        super().setUp()
-        self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
-        # and after the fact, add the project root
-        self.default_project_data["project-root"] = self.project_dir
-
+class TestProjectFile(BaseConfigTest):
     def test_from_project_root(self):
         renderer = empty_project_renderer()
         project = dbt.config.Project.from_project_root(self.project_dir, renderer)
-        from_config = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        from_config = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project, from_config)
         self.assertEqual(project.version, "0.0.1")
         self.assertEqual(project.project_name, "my_test_project")
@@ -966,12 +933,7 @@ def run(self):
         pass
 
 
-class TestConfiguredTask(BaseFileTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        super().setUp()
-        self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
-        self.write_profile(self.default_profile_data)
-
+class TestConfiguredTask(BaseConfigTest):
     def tearDown(self):
         super().tearDown()
         # These tests will change the directory to the project path,
@@ -990,15 +952,13 @@ def test_configured_task_dir_change_with_bad_path(self):
             InheritsFromConfiguredTask.from_args(self.args)
 
 
-class TestVariableProjectFile(BaseFileTest):
+class TestVariableProjectFile(BaseConfigTest):
     def setUp(self):
         super().setUp()
         self.default_project_data["version"] = "{{ var('cli_version') }}"
         self.default_project_data["name"] = "blah"
         self.default_project_data["profile"] = "{{ env_var('env_value_profile') }}"
         self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
-        # and after the fact, add the project root
-        self.default_project_data["project-root"] = self.project_dir
 
     def test_cli_and_env_vars(self):
         renderer = dbt.config.renderer.DbtProjectYamlRenderer(None, {"cli_version": "0.1.2"})
@@ -1015,15 +975,11 @@ def test_cli_and_env_vars(self):
 
 
 class TestRuntimeConfig(BaseConfigTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.profiles_dir = "/invalid-profiles-path"
-        self.project_dir = "/invalid-root-path"
-        super().setUp()
-        self.default_project_data["project-root"] = self.project_dir
-
     def get_project(self):
         return project_from_config_norender(
-            self.default_project_data, verify_version=self.args.version_check
+            self.default_project_data,
+            project_root=self.project_dir,
+            verify_version=self.args.version_check,
         )
 
     def get_profile(self):
@@ -1072,14 +1028,6 @@ def test_str(self):
         # to make sure nothing terrible happens
         str(config)
 
-    def test_validate_fails(self):
-        project = self.get_project()
-        profile = self.get_profile()
-        # invalid - must be boolean
-        profile.user_config.use_colors = 100
-        with self.assertRaises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProjectError):
-            dbt.config.RuntimeConfig.from_parts(project, profile, {})
-
     def test_supported_version(self):
         self.default_project_data["require-dbt-version"] = ">0.0.0"
         conf = self.from_parts()
@@ -1203,7 +1151,9 @@ def setUp(self):
         }
 
     def get_project(self):
-        return project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data, verify_version=True)
+        return project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir, verify_version=True
+        )
 
     def get_profile(self):
         renderer = empty_profile_renderer()
@@ -1235,14 +1185,7 @@ def test__warn_for_unused_resource_config_paths(self):
             assert expected_msg in msg
 
 
-class TestRuntimeConfigFiles(BaseFileTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        super().setUp()
-        self.write_profile(self.default_profile_data)
-        self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
-        # and after the fact, add the project root
-        self.default_project_data["project-root"] = self.project_dir
-
+class TestRuntimeConfigFiles(BaseConfigTest):
     def test_from_args(self):
         with temp_cd(self.project_dir):
             config = dbt.config.RuntimeConfig.from_args(self.args)
@@ -1272,7 +1215,7 @@ def test_from_args(self):
         self.assertEqual(config.project_name, "my_test_project")
 
 
-class TestVariableRuntimeConfigFiles(BaseFileTest):
+class TestVariableRuntimeConfigFiles(BaseConfigTest):
     def setUp(self):
         super().setUp()
         self.default_project_data.update(
@@ -1304,9 +1247,6 @@ def setUp(self):
             }
         )
         self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
-        self.write_profile(self.default_profile_data)
-        # and after the fact, add the project root
-        self.default_project_data["project-root"] = self.project_dir
 
     def test_cli_and_env_vars(self):
         self.args.target = "cli-and-env-vars"
@@ -1380,3 +1320,30 @@ def test_lookups(self):
         for node, key, expected_value in expected:
             value = vars_provider.vars_for(node, "postgres").get(key)
             assert value == expected_value
+
+
+class TestMultipleProjectFlags(BaseConfigTest):
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+
+        self.default_project_data.update(
+            {
+                "flags": {
+                    "send_anonymous_usage_data": False,
+                }
+            }
+        )
+        self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
+
+        self.default_profile_data.update(
+            {
+                "config": {
+                    "send_anonymous_usage_data": False,
+                }
+            }
+        )
+        self.write_profile(self.default_profile_data)
+
+    def test_setting_multiple_flags(self):
+        with pytest.raises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProjectError):
+            set_from_args(self.args, None)

@@ -138,6 +138,10 @@ def test_event_codes(self):
     types.ConfigLogPathDeprecation(deprecated_path=""),
     types.ConfigTargetPathDeprecation(deprecated_path=""),
     types.CollectFreshnessReturnSignature(),
+    types.ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation(),
+    types.PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation(
+        package_name="my_package", materialization_name="view"
+    ),
     # E - DB Adapter ======================
     types.AdapterEventDebug(),
     types.AdapterEventInfo(),

@@ -1,340 +0,0 @@
-import os
-from unittest import TestCase
-from argparse import Namespace
-import pytest
-
-from dbt import flags
-from dbt.contracts.project import UserConfig
-from dbt.graph.selector_spec import IndirectSelection
-from dbt.helper_types import WarnErrorOptions
-
-# Skip due to interface for flag updated
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.skip
-
-
-class TestFlags(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.args = Namespace()
-        self.user_config = UserConfig()
-
-    def test__flags(self):
-
-        # use_experimental_parser
-        self.user_config.use_experimental_parser = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.USE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.USE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "use_experimental_parser", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.USE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER")
-        delattr(self.args, "use_experimental_parser")
-        flags.USE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER = False
-        self.user_config.use_experimental_parser = None
-
-        # static_parser
-        self.user_config.static_parser = False
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.STATIC_PARSER, False)
-        os.environ["DBT_STATIC_PARSER"] = "true"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.STATIC_PARSER, True)
-        setattr(self.args, "static_parser", False)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.STATIC_PARSER, False)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_STATIC_PARSER")
-        delattr(self.args, "static_parser")
-        flags.STATIC_PARSER = True
-        self.user_config.static_parser = None
-
-        # warn_error
-        self.user_config.warn_error = False
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WARN_ERROR, False)
-        os.environ["DBT_WARN_ERROR"] = "true"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WARN_ERROR, True)
-        setattr(self.args, "warn_error", False)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WARN_ERROR, False)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WARN_ERROR")
-        delattr(self.args, "warn_error")
-        flags.WARN_ERROR = False
-        self.user_config.warn_error = None
-
-        # warn_error_options
-        self.user_config.warn_error_options = '{"include": "all"}'
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS, WarnErrorOptions(include="all"))
-        os.environ["DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS"] = '{"include": []}'
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS, WarnErrorOptions(include=[]))
-        setattr(self.args, "warn_error_options", '{"include": "all"}')
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS, WarnErrorOptions(include="all"))
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS")
-        delattr(self.args, "warn_error_options")
-        self.user_config.warn_error_options = None
-
-        # write_json
-        self.user_config.write_json = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WRITE_JSON, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_WRITE_JSON"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WRITE_JSON, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "write_json", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WRITE_JSON, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WRITE_JSON")
-        delattr(self.args, "write_json")
-
-        # partial_parse
-        self.user_config.partial_parse = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.PARTIAL_PARSE, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_PARTIAL_PARSE"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.PARTIAL_PARSE, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "partial_parse", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.PARTIAL_PARSE, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_PARTIAL_PARSE")
-        delattr(self.args, "partial_parse")
-        self.user_config.partial_parse = False
-
-        # use_colors
-        self.user_config.use_colors = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.USE_COLORS, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_USE_COLORS"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.USE_COLORS, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "use_colors", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.USE_COLORS, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_USE_COLORS")
-        delattr(self.args, "use_colors")
-
-        # debug
-        self.user_config.debug = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.DEBUG, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_DEBUG"] = "True"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.DEBUG, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_DEBUG"] = "False"
-        setattr(self.args, "debug", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.DEBUG, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_DEBUG")
-        delattr(self.args, "debug")
-        self.user_config.debug = None
-
-        # log_format -- text, json, default
-        self.user_config.log_format = "text"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.LOG_FORMAT, "text")
-        os.environ["DBT_LOG_FORMAT"] = "json"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.LOG_FORMAT, "json")
-        setattr(self.args, "log_format", "text")
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.LOG_FORMAT, "text")
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_LOG_FORMAT")
-        delattr(self.args, "log_format")
-        self.user_config.log_format = None
-
-        # version_check
-        self.user_config.version_check = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.VERSION_CHECK, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_VERSION_CHECK"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.VERSION_CHECK, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "version_check", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.VERSION_CHECK, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_VERSION_CHECK")
-        delattr(self.args, "version_check")
-
-        # fail_fast
-        self.user_config.fail_fast = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.FAIL_FAST, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_FAIL_FAST"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.FAIL_FAST, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "fail_fast", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.FAIL_FAST, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_FAIL_FAST")
-        delattr(self.args, "fail_fast")
-        self.user_config.fail_fast = False
-
-        # send_anonymous_usage_stats
-        self.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "send_anonymous_usage_stats", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS, True)
-        os.environ["DO_NOT_TRACK"] = "1"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS, False)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS")
-        os.environ.pop("DO_NOT_TRACK")
-        delattr(self.args, "send_anonymous_usage_stats")
-
-        # printer_width
-        self.user_config.printer_width = 100
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.PRINTER_WIDTH, 100)
-        os.environ["DBT_PRINTER_WIDTH"] = "80"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.PRINTER_WIDTH, 80)
-        setattr(self.args, "printer_width", "120")
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.PRINTER_WIDTH, 120)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_PRINTER_WIDTH")
-        delattr(self.args, "printer_width")
-        self.user_config.printer_width = None
-
-        # indirect_selection
-        self.user_config.indirect_selection = "eager"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.INDIRECT_SELECTION, IndirectSelection.Eager)
-        self.user_config.indirect_selection = "cautious"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.INDIRECT_SELECTION, IndirectSelection.Cautious)
-        self.user_config.indirect_selection = "buildable"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.INDIRECT_SELECTION, IndirectSelection.Buildable)
-        self.user_config.indirect_selection = None
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.INDIRECT_SELECTION, IndirectSelection.Eager)
-        os.environ["DBT_INDIRECT_SELECTION"] = "cautious"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.INDIRECT_SELECTION, IndirectSelection.Cautious)
-        setattr(self.args, "indirect_selection", "cautious")
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.INDIRECT_SELECTION, IndirectSelection.Cautious)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_INDIRECT_SELECTION")
-        delattr(self.args, "indirect_selection")
-        self.user_config.indirect_selection = None
-
-        # quiet
-        self.user_config.quiet = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.QUIET, True)
-        # cleanup
-        self.user_config.quiet = None
-
-        # no_print
-        self.user_config.no_print = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.NO_PRINT, True)
-        # cleanup
-        self.user_config.no_print = None
-
-        # cache_selected_only
-        self.user_config.cache_selected_only = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.CACHE_SELECTED_ONLY, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_CACHE_SELECTED_ONLY"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.CACHE_SELECTED_ONLY, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "cache_selected_only", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.CACHE_SELECTED_ONLY, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_CACHE_SELECTED_ONLY")
-        delattr(self.args, "cache_selected_only")
-        self.user_config.cache_selected_only = False
-
-        # target_path/log_path
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertIsNone(flags.LOG_PATH)
-        os.environ["DBT_LOG_PATH"] = "a/b/c"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.LOG_PATH, "a/b/c")
-        setattr(self.args, "log_path", "d/e/f")
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.LOG_PATH, "d/e/f")
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_LOG_PATH")
-        delattr(self.args, "log_path")
-
-    def test__flags_are_mutually_exclusive(self):
-        # options from user config
-        self.user_config.warn_error = False
-        self.user_config.warn_error_options = '{"include":"all"}'
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        # cleanup
-        self.user_config.warn_error = None
-        self.user_config.warn_error_options = None
-
-        # options from args
-        setattr(self.args, "warn_error", False)
-        setattr(self.args, "warn_error_options", '{"include":"all"}')
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        # cleanup
-        delattr(self.args, "warn_error")
-        delattr(self.args, "warn_error_options")
-
-        # options from environment
-        os.environ["DBT_WARN_ERROR"] = "false"
-        os.environ["DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS"] = '{"include": []}'
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WARN_ERROR")
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS")
-
-        # options from user config + args
-        self.user_config.warn_error = False
-        setattr(self.args, "warn_error_options", '{"include":"all"}')
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        # cleanup
-        self.user_config.warn_error = None
-        delattr(self.args, "warn_error_options")
-
-        # options from user config + environ
-        self.user_config.warn_error = False
-        os.environ["DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS"] = '{"include": []}'
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        # cleanup
-        self.user_config.warn_error = None
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS")
-
-        # options from args + environ
-        setattr(self.args, "warn_error", False)
-        os.environ["DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS"] = '{"include": []}'
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        # cleanup
-        delattr(self.args, "warn_error")
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS")

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 import dbt.parser.manifest
 from dbt import tracking
 from dbt.contracts.files import SourceFile, FileHash, FilePath
+from dbt.contracts.project import ProjectFlags
 from dbt.contracts.graph.manifest import MacroManifest, ManifestStateCheck
 from dbt.graph import NodeSelector, parse_difference
 from dbt.events.functions import setup_event_logger
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ def get_config(self, extra_cfg=None):
         cfg.update(extra_cfg)
 
         config = config_from_parts_or_dicts(project=cfg, profile=self.profile)
-        dbt.flags.set_from_args(Namespace(), config)
+        dbt.flags.set_from_args(Namespace(), ProjectFlags())
         setup_event_logger(dbt.flags.get_flags())
         object.__setattr__(dbt.flags.get_flags(), "PARTIAL_PARSE", False)
         return config

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 from dbt import flags
 
 from argparse import Namespace
-from dbt.contracts.project import UserConfig
+from dbt.contracts.project import ProjectFlags
 
-flags.set_from_args(Namespace(), UserConfig())
+flags.set_from_args(Namespace(), ProjectFlags())
 
 
 def _get_graph():

@@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ def test_find_generate_macros_by_name(macros, expectations):
 FindMaterializationSpec = namedtuple("FindMaterializationSpec", "macros,adapter_type,expected")
 
 
-def _materialization_parameter_sets():
+def _materialization_parameter_sets_legacy():
     # inject the plugins used for materialization parameter tests
     with mock.patch("dbt.adapters.base.plugin.project_name_from_path") as get_name:
         get_name.return_value = "foo"
@@ -1371,12 +1371,187 @@ def id_mat(arg):
         return "_".join(arg)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "macros,adapter_type,expected",
+    _materialization_parameter_sets_legacy(),
+    ids=id_mat,
+)
+def test_find_materialization_by_name_legacy(macros, adapter_type, expected):
+    set_from_args(
+        Namespace(
+            SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS=False,
+            REQUIRE_EXPLICIT_PACKAGE_OVERRIDES_FOR_BUILTIN_MATERIALIZATIONS=False,
+        ),
+        None,
+    )
+
+    manifest = make_manifest(macros=macros)
+    result = manifest.find_materialization_macro_by_name(
+        project_name="root",
+        materialization_name="my_materialization",
+        adapter_type=adapter_type,
+    )
+    if expected is None:
+        assert result is expected
+    else:
+        expected_package, expected_adapter_type = expected
+        assert result.adapter_type == expected_adapter_type
+        assert result.package_name == expected_package
+
+
+def _materialization_parameter_sets():
+    # inject the plugins used for materialization parameter tests
+    with mock.patch("dbt.adapters.base.plugin.project_name_from_path") as get_name:
+        get_name.return_value = "foo"
+        FooPlugin = AdapterPlugin(
+            adapter=mock.MagicMock(),
+            credentials=mock.MagicMock(),
+            include_path="/path/to/root/plugin",
+        )
+        FooPlugin.adapter.type.return_value = "foo"
+        inject_plugin(FooPlugin)
+
+        BarPlugin = AdapterPlugin(
+            adapter=mock.MagicMock(),
+            credentials=mock.MagicMock(),
+            include_path="/path/to/root/plugin",
+            dependencies=["foo"],
+        )
+        BarPlugin.adapter.type.return_value = "bar"
+        inject_plugin(BarPlugin)
+
+        sets = [
+            FindMaterializationSpec(macros=[], adapter_type="foo", expected=None),
+        ]
+
+        # default only, each project
+        sets.extend(
+            FindMaterializationSpec(
+                macros=[MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type=None)],
+                adapter_type="foo",
+                expected=(project, "default"),
+            )
+            for project in ["root", "dep", "dbt"]
+        )
+
+        # other type only, each project
+        sets.extend(
+            FindMaterializationSpec(
+                macros=[MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type="bar")],
+                adapter_type="foo",
+                expected=None,
+            )
+            for project in ["root", "dep", "dbt"]
+        )
+
+        # matching type only, each project
+        sets.extend(
+            FindMaterializationSpec(
+                macros=[MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type="foo")],
+                adapter_type="foo",
+                expected=(project, "foo"),
+            )
+            for project in ["root", "dep", "dbt"]
+        )
+
+        sets.extend(
+            [
+                # matching type and default everywhere
+                FindMaterializationSpec(
+                    macros=[
+                        MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type=atype)
+                        for (project, atype) in product(["root", "dep", "dbt"], ["foo", None])
+                    ],
+                    adapter_type="foo",
+                    expected=("root", "foo"),
+                ),
+                # default in core, override is in dep, and root has unrelated override
+                # should find the dbt default because default materializations cannot be overwritten by packages.
+                FindMaterializationSpec(
+                    macros=[
+                        MockMaterialization("root", adapter_type="bar"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dep", adapter_type="foo"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dbt", adapter_type=None),
+                    ],
+                    adapter_type="foo",
+                    expected=("dbt", "default"),
+                ),
+                # default in core, unrelated override is in dep, and root has an override
+                # should find the root override.
+                FindMaterializationSpec(
+                    macros=[
+                        MockMaterialization("root", adapter_type="foo"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dep", adapter_type="bar"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dbt", adapter_type=None),
+                    ],
+                    adapter_type="foo",
+                    expected=("root", "foo"),
+                ),
+                # default in core, override is in dep, and root has an override too.
+                # should find the root override.
+                FindMaterializationSpec(
+                    macros=[
+                        MockMaterialization("root", adapter_type="foo"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dep", adapter_type="foo"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dbt", adapter_type=None),
+                    ],
+                    adapter_type="foo",
+                    expected=("root", "foo"),
+                ),
+                # core has default + adapter, dep has adapter, root has default
+                # should find the default adapter implementation, because it's the most specific
+                # and default materializations cannot be overwritten by packages
+                FindMaterializationSpec(
+                    macros=[
+                        MockMaterialization("root", adapter_type=None),
+                        MockMaterialization("dep", adapter_type="foo"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dbt", adapter_type=None),
+                        MockMaterialization("dbt", adapter_type="foo"),
+                    ],
+                    adapter_type="foo",
+                    expected=("dbt", "foo"),
+                ),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        # inherit from parent adapter
+        sets.extend(
+            FindMaterializationSpec(
+                macros=[MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type="foo")],
+                adapter_type="bar",
+                expected=(project, "foo"),
+            )
+            for project in ["root", "dep", "dbt"]
+        )
+        sets.extend(
+            FindMaterializationSpec(
+                macros=[
+                    MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type="foo"),
+                    MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type="bar"),
+                ],
+                adapter_type="bar",
+                expected=(project, "bar"),
+            )
+            for project in ["root", "dep", "dbt"]
+        )
+
+        return sets
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "macros,adapter_type,expected",
     _materialization_parameter_sets(),
     ids=id_mat,
 )
 def test_find_materialization_by_name(macros, adapter_type, expected):
+    set_from_args(
+        Namespace(
+            SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS=False,
+            REQUIRE_EXPLICIT_PACKAGE_OVERRIDES_FOR_BUILTIN_MATERIALIZATIONS=True,
+        ),
+        None,
+    )
+
     manifest = make_manifest(macros=macros)
     result = manifest.find_materialization_macro_by_name(
         project_name="root",

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+kind: Features
+body: Move flags from UserConfig in profiles.yml to flags in dbt_project.yml
+time: 2023-12-18T19:58:54.075811-05:00
+custom:
+  Author: gshank
+  Issue: "9183"

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+kind: Features
+body: Add require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations to dbt_project.yml flags, which can be used to opt-out of overriding built-in materializations from packages
+time: 2024-04-22T17:37:03.892268-04:00
+custom:
+  Author: michelleark
+  Issue: "10007"

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+kind: Under the Hood
+body: Raise deprecation warning if installed package overrides built-in materialization
+time: 2024-04-18T17:25:28.37886-04:00
+custom:
+  Author: michelleark
+  Issue: "9971"

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from importlib import import_module
 from multiprocessing import get_context
+from pathlib import Path
 from pprint import pformat as pf
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Union
 
@@ -11,8 +12,8 @@
 from dbt.cli.exceptions import DbtUsageException
 from dbt.cli.resolvers import default_log_path, default_project_dir
 from dbt.cli.types import Command as CliCommand
-from dbt.config.profile import read_user_config
-from dbt.contracts.project import UserConfig
+from dbt.config.project import read_project_flags
+from dbt.contracts.project import ProjectFlags
 from dbt.exceptions import DbtInternalError
 from dbt.deprecations import renamed_env_var
 from dbt.helper_types import WarnErrorOptions
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@
     "INDIRECT_SELECTION": "eager",
     "TARGET_PATH": None,
     "WARN_ERROR": None,
-    # Cli args without user_config or env var option.
+    # Cli args without project_flags or env var option.
     "FULL_REFRESH": False,
     "STRICT_MODE": False,
     "STORE_FAILURES": False,
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ class Flags:
     """Primary configuration artifact for running dbt"""
 
     def __init__(
-        self, ctx: Optional[Context] = None, user_config: Optional[UserConfig] = None
+        self, ctx: Optional[Context] = None, project_flags: Optional[ProjectFlags] = None
     ) -> None:
         # Set the default flags.
         for key, value in FLAGS_DEFAULTS.items():
@@ -200,27 +201,40 @@ def _assign_params(
                 invoked_subcommand_ctx, params_assigned_from_default, deprecated_env_vars
             )
 
-        if not user_config:
+        if not project_flags:
+            project_dir = getattr(self, "PROJECT_DIR", str(default_project_dir()))
             profiles_dir = getattr(self, "PROFILES_DIR", None)
-            user_config = read_user_config(profiles_dir) if profiles_dir else None
+            if profiles_dir and project_dir:
+                project_flags = read_project_flags(project_dir, profiles_dir)
+            else:
+                project_flags = None
 
         # Add entire invocation command to flags
         object.__setattr__(self, "INVOCATION_COMMAND", "dbt " + " ".join(sys.argv[1:]))
 
-        # Overwrite default assignments with user config if available.
-        if user_config:
+        if project_flags:
+            # Overwrite default assignments with project flags if available.
             param_assigned_from_default_copy = params_assigned_from_default.copy()
             for param_assigned_from_default in params_assigned_from_default:
-                user_config_param_value = getattr(user_config, param_assigned_from_default, None)
-                if user_config_param_value is not None:
+                project_flags_param_value = getattr(
+                    project_flags, param_assigned_from_default, None
+                )
+                if project_flags_param_value is not None:
                     object.__setattr__(
                         self,
                         param_assigned_from_default.upper(),
-                        convert_config(param_assigned_from_default, user_config_param_value),
+                        convert_config(param_assigned_from_default, project_flags_param_value),
                     )
                     param_assigned_from_default_copy.remove(param_assigned_from_default)
             params_assigned_from_default = param_assigned_from_default_copy
 
+            # Add project-level flags that are not available as CLI options / env vars
+            for (
+                project_level_flag_name,
+                project_level_flag_value,
+            ) in project_flags.project_only_flags.items():
+                object.__setattr__(self, project_level_flag_name.upper(), project_level_flag_value)
+
         # Set hard coded flags.
         object.__setattr__(self, "WHICH", invoked_subcommand_name or ctx.info_name)
         object.__setattr__(self, "MP_CONTEXT", get_context("spawn"))
@@ -234,9 +248,11 @@ def _assign_params(
         # Starting in v1.5, if `log-path` is set in `dbt_project.yml`, it will raise a deprecation warning,
         # with the possibility of removing it in a future release.
         if getattr(self, "LOG_PATH", None) is None:
-            project_dir = getattr(self, "PROJECT_DIR", default_project_dir())
+            project_dir = getattr(self, "PROJECT_DIR", str(default_project_dir()))
             version_check = getattr(self, "VERSION_CHECK", True)
-            object.__setattr__(self, "LOG_PATH", default_log_path(project_dir, version_check))
+            object.__setattr__(
+                self, "LOG_PATH", default_log_path(Path(project_dir), version_check)
+            )
 
         # Support console DO NOT TRACK initiative.
         if os.getenv("DO_NOT_TRACK", "").lower() in ("1", "t", "true", "y", "yes"):

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # all these are just exports, they need "noqa" so flake8 will not complain.
-from .profile import Profile, read_user_config  # noqa
+from .profile import Profile  # noqa
 from .project import Project, IsFQNResource, PartialProject  # noqa
 from .runtime import RuntimeConfig  # noqa

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from dbt.clients.system import load_file_contents
 from dbt.clients.yaml_helper import load_yaml_text
 from dbt.contracts.connection import Credentials, HasCredentials
-from dbt.contracts.project import ProfileConfig, UserConfig
+from dbt.contracts.project import ProfileConfig
 from dbt.exceptions import (
     CompilationError,
     DbtProfileError,
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 )
 from dbt.events.types import MissingProfileTarget
 from dbt.events.functions import fire_event
-from dbt.utils import coerce_dict_str
 
 from .renderer import ProfileRenderer
 
@@ -51,27 +50,13 @@ def read_profile(profiles_dir: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     return {}
 
 
-def read_user_config(directory: str) -> UserConfig:
-    try:
-        profile = read_profile(directory)
-        if profile:
-            user_config = coerce_dict_str(profile.get("config", {}))
-            if user_config is not None:
-                UserConfig.validate(user_config)
-                return UserConfig.from_dict(user_config)
-    except (DbtRuntimeError, ValidationError):
-        pass
-    return UserConfig()
-
-
 # The Profile class is included in RuntimeConfig, so any attribute
 # additions must also be set where the RuntimeConfig class is created
 # `init=False` is a workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue45081
 @dataclass(init=False)
 class Profile(HasCredentials):
     profile_name: str
     target_name: str
-    user_config: UserConfig
     threads: int
     credentials: Credentials
     profile_env_vars: Dict[str, Any]
@@ -80,7 +65,6 @@ def __init__(
         self,
         profile_name: str,
         target_name: str,
-        user_config: UserConfig,
         threads: int,
         credentials: Credentials,
     ) -> None:
@@ -89,7 +73,6 @@ def __init__(
         """
         self.profile_name = profile_name
         self.target_name = target_name
-        self.user_config = user_config
         self.threads = threads
         self.credentials = credentials
         self.profile_env_vars = {}  # never available on init
@@ -106,12 +89,10 @@ def to_profile_info(self, serialize_credentials: bool = False) -> Dict[str, Any]
         result = {
             "profile_name": self.profile_name,
             "target_name": self.target_name,
-            "user_config": self.user_config,
             "threads": self.threads,
             "credentials": self.credentials,
         }
         if serialize_credentials:
-            result["user_config"] = self.user_config.to_dict(omit_none=True)
             result["credentials"] = self.credentials.to_dict(omit_none=True)
         return result
 
@@ -124,7 +105,6 @@ def to_target_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
                 "name": self.target_name,
                 "target_name": self.target_name,
                 "profile_name": self.profile_name,
-                "config": self.user_config.to_dict(omit_none=True),
             }
         )
         return target
@@ -246,7 +226,6 @@ def from_credentials(
         threads: int,
         profile_name: str,
         target_name: str,
-        user_config: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
     ) -> "Profile":
         """Create a profile from an existing set of Credentials and the
         remaining information.
@@ -255,20 +234,13 @@ def from_credentials(
         :param threads: The number of threads to use for connections.
         :param profile_name: The profile name used for this profile.
         :param target_name: The target name used for this profile.
-        :param user_config: The user-level config block from the
-            raw profiles, if specified.
         :raises DbtProfileError: If the profile is invalid.
         :returns: The new Profile object.
         """
-        if user_config is None:
-            user_config = {}
-        UserConfig.validate(user_config)
-        user_config_obj: UserConfig = UserConfig.from_dict(user_config)
 
         profile = cls(
             profile_name=profile_name,
             target_name=target_name,
-            user_config=user_config_obj,
             threads=threads,
             credentials=credentials,
         )
@@ -316,7 +288,6 @@ def from_raw_profile_info(
         raw_profile: Dict[str, Any],
         profile_name: str,
         renderer: ProfileRenderer,
-        user_config: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
         target_override: Optional[str] = None,
         threads_override: Optional[int] = None,
     ) -> "Profile":
@@ -328,8 +299,6 @@ def from_raw_profile_info(
             disk as yaml and its values rendered with jinja.
         :param profile_name: The profile name used.
         :param renderer: The config renderer.
-        :param user_config: The global config for the user, if it
-            was present.
         :param target_override: The target to use, if provided on
             the command line.
         :param threads_override: The thread count to use, if
@@ -338,9 +307,6 @@ def from_raw_profile_info(
             target could not be found
         :returns: The new Profile object.
         """
-        # user_config is not rendered.
-        if user_config is None:
-            user_config = raw_profile.get("config")
         # TODO: should it be, and the values coerced to bool?
         target_name, profile_data = cls.render_profile(
             raw_profile, profile_name, target_override, renderer
@@ -361,7 +327,6 @@ def from_raw_profile_info(
             profile_name=profile_name,
             target_name=target_name,
             threads=threads,
-            user_config=user_config,
         )
 
     @classmethod
@@ -396,13 +361,11 @@ def from_raw_profiles(
         if not raw_profile:
             msg = f"Profile {profile_name} in profiles.yml is empty"
             raise DbtProfileError(INVALID_PROFILE_MESSAGE.format(error_string=msg))
-        user_config = raw_profiles.get("config")
 
         return cls.from_raw_profile_info(
             raw_profile=raw_profile,
             profile_name=profile_name,
             renderer=renderer,
-            user_config=user_config,
             target_override=target_override,
             threads_override=threads_override,
         )

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
     DEPENDENCIES_FILE_NAME,
     PACKAGES_FILE_NAME,
     PACKAGE_LOCK_HASH_KEY,
+    DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME,
 )
 from dbt.clients.system import path_exists, load_file_contents
 from dbt.clients.yaml_helper import load_yaml_text
@@ -35,12 +36,13 @@
 from dbt.helper_types import NoValue
 from dbt.semver import VersionSpecifier, versions_compatible
 from dbt.version import get_installed_version
-from dbt.utils import MultiDict, md5
+from dbt.utils import MultiDict, md5, coerce_dict_str
 from dbt.node_types import NodeType
 from dbt.config.selectors import SelectorDict
 from dbt.contracts.project import (
     Project as ProjectContract,
     SemverString,
+    ProjectFlags,
 )
 from dbt.contracts.project import PackageConfig, ProjectPackageMetadata
 from dbt.dataclass_schema import ValidationError
@@ -81,8 +83,8 @@
 """
 
 MISSING_DBT_PROJECT_ERROR = """\
-No dbt_project.yml found at expected path {path}
-Verify that each entry within packages.yml (and their transitive dependencies) contains a file named dbt_project.yml
+No {DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME} found at expected path {path}
+Verify that each entry within packages.yml (and their transitive dependencies) contains a file named {DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME}
 """
 
 
@@ -199,16 +201,20 @@ def value_or(value: Optional[T], default: T) -> T:
 def load_raw_project(project_root: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
 
     project_root = os.path.normpath(project_root)
-    project_yaml_filepath = os.path.join(project_root, "dbt_project.yml")
+    project_yaml_filepath = os.path.join(project_root, DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME)
 
     # get the project.yml contents
     if not path_exists(project_yaml_filepath):
-        raise DbtProjectError(MISSING_DBT_PROJECT_ERROR.format(path=project_yaml_filepath))
+        raise DbtProjectError(
+            MISSING_DBT_PROJECT_ERROR.format(
+                path=project_yaml_filepath, DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME=DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME
+            )
+        )
 
     project_dict = _load_yaml(project_yaml_filepath)
 
     if not isinstance(project_dict, dict):
-        raise DbtProjectError("dbt_project.yml does not parse to a dictionary")
+        raise DbtProjectError(f"{DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME} does not parse to a dictionary")
 
     return project_dict
 
@@ -323,21 +329,21 @@ def get_rendered(
             selectors_dict=rendered_selectors,
         )
 
-    # Called by Project.from_project_root (not PartialProject.from_project_root!)
+    # Called by Project.from_project_root which first calls PartialProject.from_project_root
     def render(self, renderer: DbtProjectYamlRenderer) -> "Project":
         try:
             rendered = self.get_rendered(renderer)
             return self.create_project(rendered)
         except DbtProjectError as exc:
             if exc.path is None:
-                exc.path = os.path.join(self.project_root, "dbt_project.yml")
+                exc.path = os.path.join(self.project_root, DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME)
             raise
 
     def render_package_metadata(self, renderer: PackageRenderer) -> ProjectPackageMetadata:
         packages_data = renderer.render_data(self.packages_dict)
         packages_config = package_config_from_data(packages_data, self.packages_dict)
         if not self.project_name:
-            raise DbtProjectError("Package dbt_project.yml must have a name!")
+            raise DbtProjectError(f"Package defined in {DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME} must have a name!")
         return ProjectPackageMetadata(self.project_name, packages_config.packages)
 
     def check_config_path(
@@ -348,7 +354,7 @@ def check_config_path(
                 msg = (
                     "{deprecated_path} and {expected_path} cannot both be defined. The "
                     "`{deprecated_path}` config has been deprecated in favor of `{expected_path}`. "
-                    "Please update your `dbt_project.yml` configuration to reflect this "
+                    f"Please update your `{DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME}` configuration to reflect this "
                     "change."
                 )
                 raise DbtProjectError(
@@ -420,11 +426,11 @@ def create_project(self, rendered: RenderComponents) -> "Project":
 
         docs_paths: List[str] = value_or(cfg.docs_paths, all_source_paths)
         asset_paths: List[str] = value_or(cfg.asset_paths, [])
-        flags = get_flags()
+        global_flags = get_flags()
 
-        flag_target_path = str(flags.TARGET_PATH) if flags.TARGET_PATH else None
+        flag_target_path = str(global_flags.TARGET_PATH) if global_flags.TARGET_PATH else None
         target_path: str = flag_or(flag_target_path, cfg.target_path, "target")
-        log_path: str = str(flags.LOG_PATH)
+        log_path: str = str(global_flags.LOG_PATH)
 
         clean_targets: List[str] = value_or(cfg.clean_targets, [target_path])
         packages_install_path: str = value_or(cfg.packages_install_path, "dbt_packages")
@@ -569,6 +575,11 @@ def from_project_root(
         ) = package_and_project_data_from_root(project_root)
         selectors_dict = selector_data_from_root(project_root)
 
+        if "flags" in project_dict:
+            # We don't want to include "flags" in the Project,
+            # it goes in ProjectFlags
+            project_dict.pop("flags")
+
         return cls.from_dicts(
             project_root=project_root,
             project_dict=project_dict,
@@ -709,7 +720,6 @@ def to_project_config(self, with_packages=False):
                 "exposures": self.exposures,
                 "vars": self.vars.to_dict(),
                 "require-dbt-version": [v.to_version_string() for v in self.dbt_version],
-                "config-version": self.config_version,
                 "restrict-access": self.restrict_access,
                 "dbt-cloud": self.dbt_cloud,
             }
@@ -773,3 +783,52 @@ def get_macro_search_order(self, macro_namespace: str):
     def project_target_path(self):
         # If target_path is absolute, project_root will not be included
         return os.path.join(self.project_root, self.target_path)
+
+
+def read_project_flags(project_dir: str, profiles_dir: str) -> ProjectFlags:
+    try:
+        project_flags: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        # Read project_flags from dbt_project.yml first
+        # Flags are instantiated before the project, so we don't
+        # want to throw an error for non-existence of dbt_project.yml here
+        # because it breaks things.
+        project_root = os.path.normpath(project_dir)
+        project_yaml_filepath = os.path.join(project_root, DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME)
+        if path_exists(project_yaml_filepath):
+            try:
+                project_dict = load_raw_project(project_root)
+                if "flags" in project_dict:
+                    project_flags = project_dict.pop("flags")
+            except Exception:
+                # This is probably a yaml load error.The error will be reported
+                # later, when the project loads.
+                pass
+
+        from dbt.config.profile import read_profile
+
+        profile = read_profile(profiles_dir)
+        profile_project_flags: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = {}
+        if profile:
+            profile_project_flags = coerce_dict_str(profile.get("config", {}))
+
+        if project_flags and profile_project_flags:
+            raise DbtProjectError(
+                f"Do not specify both 'config' in profiles.yml and 'flags' in {DBT_PROJECT_FILE_NAME}. "
+                "Using 'config' in profiles.yml is deprecated."
+            )
+
+        if profile_project_flags:
+            # This can't use WARN_ERROR or WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS because they're in
+            # the config that we're loading. Uses special "warn" method.
+            deprecations.warn("project-flags-moved")
+            project_flags = profile_project_flags
+
+        if project_flags is not None:
+            ProjectFlags.validate(project_flags)
+            return ProjectFlags.from_dict(project_flags)
+    except (DbtProjectError) as exc:
+        # We don't want to eat the DbtProjectError for UserConfig to ProjectFlags
+        raise exc
+    except (DbtRuntimeError, ValidationError):
+        pass
+    return ProjectFlags()

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 from dbt.config.project import load_raw_project
 from dbt.contracts.connection import AdapterRequiredConfig, Credentials, HasCredentials
 from dbt.contracts.graph.manifest import ManifestMetadata
-from dbt.contracts.project import Configuration, UserConfig
+from dbt.contracts.project import Configuration
 from dbt.contracts.relation import ComponentName
 from dbt.dataclass_schema import ValidationError
 from dbt.events.functions import warn_or_error
@@ -178,7 +178,6 @@ def from_parts(
             profile_env_vars=profile.profile_env_vars,
             profile_name=profile.profile_name,
             target_name=profile.target_name,
-            user_config=profile.user_config,
             threads=profile.threads,
             credentials=profile.credentials,
             args=args,
@@ -432,7 +431,6 @@ def _connection_keys(self):
 class UnsetProfile(Profile):
     def __init__(self):
         self.credentials = UnsetCredentials()
-        self.user_config = UserConfig()  # This will be read in _get_rendered_profile
         self.profile_name = ""
         self.target_name = ""
         self.threads = -1

@@ -178,17 +178,9 @@ def __post_serialize__(self, dct):
         return dct
 
 
-class UserConfigContract(Protocol):
-    send_anonymous_usage_stats: bool
-    use_colors: Optional[bool] = None
-    partial_parse: Optional[bool] = None
-    printer_width: Optional[int] = None
-
-
 class HasCredentials(Protocol):
     credentials: Credentials
     profile_name: str
-    user_config: UserConfigContract
     target_name: str
     threads: int
 

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 from typing_extensions import Protocol
 from uuid import UUID
 
+
 from dbt.contracts.graph.nodes import (
     BaseNode,
     Documentation,
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@
 from dbt.events.contextvars import get_node_info
 from dbt.node_types import NodeType, AccessType
 from dbt.flags import get_flags, MP_CONTEXT
-from dbt import tracking
+from dbt import tracking, deprecations
 import dbt.utils
 
 
@@ -616,11 +617,29 @@ def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
 
 
 class CandidateList(List[M]):
-    def last(self) -> Optional[Macro]:
+    def last_candidate(
+        self, valid_localities: Optional[List[Locality]] = None
+    ) -> Optional[MacroCandidate]:
+        """
+        Obtain the last (highest precedence) MacroCandidate from the CandidateList of any locality in valid_localities.
+        If valid_localities is not specified, return the last MacroCandidate of any locality.
+        """
         if not self:
             return None
         self.sort()
-        return self[-1].macro
+
+        if valid_localities is None:
+            return self[-1]
+
+        for candidate in reversed(self):
+            if candidate.locality in valid_localities:
+                return candidate
+
+        return None
+
+    def last(self) -> Optional[Macro]:
+        last_candidate = self.last_candidate()
+        return last_candidate.macro if last_candidate is not None else None
 
 
 def _get_locality(macro: Macro, root_project_name: str, internal_packages: Set[str]) -> Locality:
@@ -914,7 +933,33 @@ def find_materialization_macro_by_name(
                 for specificity, atype in enumerate(self._get_parent_adapter_types(adapter_type))
             )
         )
-        return candidates.last()
+        core_candidates = [
+            candidate for candidate in candidates if candidate.locality == Locality.Core
+        ]
+
+        materialization_candidate = candidates.last_candidate()
+        # If an imported materialization macro was found that also had a core candidate, fire a deprecation
+        if (
+            materialization_candidate is not None
+            and materialization_candidate.locality == Locality.Imported
+            and core_candidates
+        ):
+            # preserve legacy behaviour - allow materialization override
+            if (
+                get_flags().require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations
+                is False
+            ):
+                deprecations.warn(
+                    "package-materialization-override",
+                    package_name=materialization_candidate.macro.package_name,
+                    materialization_name=materialization_name,
+                )
+            else:
+                materialization_candidate = candidates.last_candidate(
+                    valid_localities=[Locality.Core, Locality.Root]
+                )
+
+        return materialization_candidate.macro if materialization_candidate else None
 
     def get_resource_fqns(self) -> Mapping[str, PathSet]:
         resource_fqns: Dict[str, Set[Tuple[str, ...]]] = {}

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from dbt.contracts.util import Replaceable, Mergeable, list_str, Identifier
-from dbt.contracts.connection import QueryComment, UserConfigContract
+from dbt.contracts.connection import QueryComment
 from dbt.helper_types import NoValue
 from dbt.dataclass_schema import (
     dbtClassMixin,
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ def validate(cls, data):
 
 
 @dataclass
-class UserConfig(ExtensibleDbtClassMixin, Replaceable, UserConfigContract):
+class ProjectFlags(ExtensibleDbtClassMixin, Replaceable):
     cache_selected_only: Optional[bool] = None
     debug: Optional[bool] = None
     fail_fast: Optional[bool] = None
@@ -295,6 +295,7 @@ class UserConfig(ExtensibleDbtClassMixin, Replaceable, UserConfigContract):
     partial_parse: Optional[bool] = None
     populate_cache: Optional[bool] = None
     printer_width: Optional[int] = None
+    require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations: bool = False
     send_anonymous_usage_stats: bool = DEFAULT_SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS
     static_parser: Optional[bool] = None
     use_colors: Optional[bool] = None
@@ -305,12 +306,17 @@ class UserConfig(ExtensibleDbtClassMixin, Replaceable, UserConfigContract):
     warn_error_options: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None
     write_json: Optional[bool] = None
 
+    @property
+    def project_only_flags(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {
+            "require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations": self.require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations,
+        }
+
 
 @dataclass
 class ProfileConfig(dbtClassMixin, Replaceable):
     profile_name: str
     target_name: str
-    user_config: UserConfig
     threads: int
     # TODO: make this a dynamic union of some kind?
     credentials: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]

@@ -96,6 +96,25 @@ class CollectFreshnessReturnSignature(DBTDeprecation):
     _event = "CollectFreshnessReturnSignature"
 
 
+class ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation(DBTDeprecation):
+    _name = "project-flags-moved"
+    _event = "ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation"
+
+    def show(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        if self.name not in active_deprecations:
+            event = self.event(**kwargs)
+            # We can't do warn_or_error because the ProjectFlags
+            # is where that is set up and we're just reading it.
+            dbt.events.functions.fire_event(event)
+            self.track_deprecation_warn()
+            active_deprecations.add(self.name)
+
+
+class PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation(DBTDeprecation):
+    _name = "package-materialization-override"
+    _event = "PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation"
+
+
 def renamed_env_var(old_name: str, new_name: str):
     class EnvironmentVariableRenamed(DBTDeprecation):
         _name = f"environment-variable-renamed:{old_name}"
@@ -134,6 +153,8 @@ def warn(name, *args, **kwargs):
     ConfigLogPathDeprecation(),
     ConfigTargetPathDeprecation(),
     CollectFreshnessReturnSignature(),
+    ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation(),
+    PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation(),
 ]
 
 deprecations: Dict[str, DBTDeprecation] = {d.name: d for d in deprecations_list}

@@ -415,6 +415,26 @@ message CollectFreshnessReturnSignatureMsg {
     CollectFreshnessReturnSignature data = 2;
 }
 
+// D013
+message ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation {
+}
+
+message ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecationMsg {
+    EventInfo info = 1;
+    ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation data = 2;
+}
+
+// D016
+message PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation {
+    string package_name = 1;
+    string materialization_name = 2;
+}
+
+message PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecationMsg {
+    EventInfo info = 1;
+    PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation data = 2;
+}
+
 // E - DB Adapter
 
 // E001

@@ -796,6 +796,29 @@ def message(self) -> str:
         return line_wrap_message(warning_tag(msg))
 
 
+class ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation(WarnLevel):
+    def code(self) -> str:
+        return "D013"
+
+    def message(self) -> str:
+        description = (
+            "User config should be moved from the 'config' key in profiles.yml to the 'flags' "
+            "key in dbt_project.yml."
+        )
+        # Can't use line_wrap_message here because flags.printer_width isn't available yet
+        return warning_tag(f"Deprecated functionality\n\n{description}")
+
+
+class PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation(WarnLevel):
+    def code(self) -> str:
+        return "D016"
+
+    def message(self) -> str:
+        description = f"Installed package '{self.package_name}' is overriding the built-in materialization '{self.materialization_name}'. Overrides of built-in materializations from installed packages will be deprecated in future versions of dbt. Please refer to https://docs.getdbt.com/reference/global-configs/legacy-behaviors#require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations for detailed documentation and suggested workarounds."
+
+        return line_wrap_message(warning_tag(description))
+
+
 # =======================================================
 # I - Project parsing
 # =======================================================

@@ -39,23 +39,24 @@ def get_flags():
     return GLOBAL_FLAGS
 
 
-def set_from_args(args: Namespace, user_config):
+def set_from_args(args: Namespace, project_flags):
     global GLOBAL_FLAGS
     from dbt.cli.main import cli
     from dbt.cli.flags import Flags, convert_config
 
-    # we set attributes of args after initialize the flags, but user_config
+    # we set attributes of args after initialize the flags, but project_flags
     # is being read in the Flags constructor, so we need to read it here and pass in
-    # to make sure we use the correct user_config
-    if (hasattr(args, "PROFILES_DIR") or hasattr(args, "profiles_dir")) and not user_config:
-        from dbt.config.profile import read_user_config
+    # to make sure we use the correct project_flags
+    profiles_dir = getattr(args, "PROFILES_DIR", None) or getattr(args, "profiles_dir", None)
+    project_dir = getattr(args, "PROJECT_DIR", None) or getattr(args, "project_dir", None)
+    if profiles_dir and project_dir:
+        from dbt.config.project import read_project_flags
 
-        profiles_dir = getattr(args, "PROFILES_DIR", None) or getattr(args, "profiles_dir")
-        user_config = read_user_config(profiles_dir)
+        project_flags = read_project_flags(project_dir, profiles_dir)
 
     # make a dummy context to get the flags, totally arbitrary
     ctx = cli.make_context("run", ["run"])
-    flags = Flags(ctx, user_config)
+    flags = Flags(ctx, project_flags)
     for arg_name, args_param_value in vars(args).items():
         args_param_value = convert_config(arg_name, args_param_value)
         object.__setattr__(flags, arg_name.upper(), args_param_value)

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # name or the intended use of these models
 name: '{project_name}'
 version: '1.0.0'
-config-version: 2
 
 # This setting configures which "profile" dbt uses for this project.
 profile: '{profile_name}'

@@ -142,7 +142,6 @@ def profiles_config_update():
 @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
 def dbt_profile_data(unique_schema, dbt_profile_target, profiles_config_update):
     profile = {
-        "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
         "test": {
             "outputs": {
                 "default": {},
@@ -181,6 +180,7 @@ def dbt_project_yml(project_root, project_config_update):
     project_config = {
         "name": "test",
         "profile": "test",
+        "flags": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
     }
     if project_config_update:
         if isinstance(project_config_update, dict):

@@ -471,7 +471,6 @@ def process(self, record):
 
 
 def initialize_from_flags(send_anonymous_usage_stats, profiles_dir):
-    # Setting these used to be in UserConfig, but had to be moved here
     global active_user
     if send_anonymous_usage_stats:
         active_user = User(profiles_dir)

@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ def _connection_exception_retry(fn, max_attempts: int, attempt: int = 0):
 def args_to_dict(args):
     var_args = vars(args).copy()
     # update the args with the flags, which could also come from environment
-    # variables or user_config
+    # variables or project_flags
     flag_dict = flags.get_flag_dict()
     var_args.update(flag_dict)
     dict_args = {}

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ def models():
 def dbt_profile_data(unique_schema):
 
     return {
-        "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
         "test": {
             "outputs": {
                 "default": {

@@ -77,11 +77,16 @@ def test_dbt_cloud(self, project):
         conf = yaml.safe_load(
             Path(os.path.join(project.project_root, "dbt_project.yml")).read_text()
         )
-        assert conf == {"name": "test", "profile": "test"}
+        assert conf == {
+            "name": "test",
+            "profile": "test",
+            "flags": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
+        }
 
         config = {
             "name": "test",
             "profile": "test",
+            "flags": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
             "dbt-cloud": {
                 "account_id": "123",
                 "application": "test",

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ class TestDisabledConfigs(BaseConfigProject):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def dbt_profile_data(self, unique_schema):
         return {
-            "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
             "test": {
                 "outputs": {
                     "default": {

@@ -243,6 +243,10 @@ class TestSimpleDependencyNoVersionCheckConfig(BaseDependencyTest):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def project_config_update(self):
         return {
+            "flags": {
+                "send_anonymous_usage_stats": False,
+                "version_check": False,
+            },
             "models": {
                 "schema": "dbt_test",
             },
@@ -251,15 +255,6 @@ def project_config_update(self):
             },
         }
 
-    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
-    def profiles_config_update(self):
-        return {
-            "config": {
-                "send_anonymous_usage_stats": False,
-                "version_check": False,
-            }
-        }
-
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def macros(self):
         return {"macro.sql": macros__macro_override_schema_sql}

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 
 from dbt import deprecations
 import dbt.exceptions
-from dbt.tests.util import run_dbt
+from dbt.tests.util import run_dbt, write_file
+import yaml
 
 
 models__already_exists_sql = """
@@ -157,3 +158,31 @@ def test_exposure_name_fail(self, project):
         exc_str = " ".join(str(exc.value).split())  # flatten all whitespace
         expected_msg = "Starting in v1.3, the 'name' of an exposure should contain only letters, numbers, and underscores."
         assert expected_msg in exc_str
+
+
+class TestPrjectFlagsMovedDeprecation:
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def profiles_config_update(self):
+        return {
+            "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
+        }
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def dbt_project_yml(self, project_root, project_config_update):
+        project_config = {
+            "name": "test",
+            "profile": "test",
+        }
+        write_file(yaml.safe_dump(project_config), project_root, "dbt_project.yml")
+        return project_config
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def models(self):
+        return {"my_model.sql": "select 1 as fun"}
+
+    def test_profile_config_deprecation(self, project):
+        deprecations.reset_deprecations()
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == set()
+        run_dbt(["parse"])
+        expected = {"project-flags-moved"}
+        assert expected == deprecations.active_deprecations

@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@ def test_fail_fast_run(
 
 class TestFailFastFromConfig(FailFastBase):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
-    def profiles_config_update(self):
+    def project_config_update(self):
         return {
-            "config": {
+            "flags": {
                 "send_anonymous_usage_stats": False,
                 "fail_fast": True,
             }
         }
 
-    def test_fail_fast_run_user_config(
+    def test_fail_fast_run_project_flags(
         self,
         project,
         models,  # noqa: F811

@@ -70,9 +70,7 @@ def test_init_task_in_project_with_existing_profiles_yml(
         with open(os.path.join(project.profiles_dir, "profiles.yml"), "r") as f:
             assert (
                 f.read()
-                == """config:
-  send_anonymous_usage_stats: false
-test:
+                == """test:
   outputs:
     dev:
       dbname: test_db
@@ -391,9 +389,7 @@ def test_init_task_in_project_with_invalid_profile_template(
         with open(os.path.join(project.profiles_dir, "profiles.yml"), "r") as f:
             assert (
                 f.read()
-                == """config:
-  send_anonymous_usage_stats: false
-test:
+                == """test:
   outputs:
     dev:
       dbname: test_db
@@ -430,7 +426,6 @@ class TestInitOutsideOfProject(TestInitOutsideOfProjectBase):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def dbt_profile_data(self, unique_schema):
         return {
-            "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
             "test": {
                 "outputs": {
                     "default2": {
@@ -513,9 +508,7 @@ def test_init_task_outside_of_project(
         with open(os.path.join(project.profiles_dir, "profiles.yml"), "r") as f:
             assert (
                 f.read()
-                == f"""config:
-  send_anonymous_usage_stats: false
-{project_name}:
+                == f"""{project_name}:
   outputs:
     dev:
       dbname: test_db
@@ -560,7 +553,6 @@ def test_init_task_outside_of_project(
 # name or the intended use of these models
 name: '{project_name}'
 version: '1.0.0'
-config-version: 2
 
 # This setting configures which "profile" dbt uses for this project.
 profile: '{project_name}'
@@ -679,7 +671,6 @@ def test_init_provided_project_name_and_skip_profile_setup(
 # name or the intended use of these models
 name: '{project_name}'
 version: '1.0.0'
-config-version: 2
 
 # This setting configures which "profile" dbt uses for this project.
 profile: '{project_name}'
@@ -766,7 +757,6 @@ def test_init_task_outside_of_project_with_specified_profile(
 # name or the intended use of these models
 name: '{project_name}'
 version: '1.0.0'
-config-version: 2
 
 # This setting configures which "profile" dbt uses for this project.
 profile: 'test'

@@ -325,6 +325,21 @@
 {%- endmaterialization -%}
 """
 
+custom_materialization_dep__dbt_project_yml = """
+name: custom_materialization_default
+macro-paths: ['macros']
+"""
+
+custom_materialization_sql = """
+{% materialization custom_materialization, default %}
+    {%- set target_relation = this.incorporate(type='table') %}
+    {% call statement('main') -%}
+        select 1 as column1
+    {%- endcall %}
+    {{ return({'relations': [target_relation]}) }}
+{% endmaterialization %}
+"""
+
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
 def override_view_adapter_pass_dep(project_root):
@@ -368,3 +383,12 @@ def override_view_return_no_relation(project_root):
         },
     }
     write_project_files(project_root, "override-view-return-no-relation", files)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+def custom_materialization_dep(project_root):
+    files = {
+        "dbt_project.yml": custom_materialization_dep__dbt_project_yml,
+        "macros": {"custom_materialization.sql": custom_materialization_sql},
+    }
+    write_project_files(project_root, "custom-materialization-dep", files)

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 from dbt.tests.util import run_dbt
-
+from dbt import deprecations
 
 models__model_sql = """
 {{ config(materialized='view') }}
@@ -10,34 +10,196 @@
 """
 
 
+models_custom_materialization__model_sql = """
+{{ config(materialized='custom_materialization') }}
+select 1 as id
+
+"""
+
+
 @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
 def models():
     return {"model.sql": models__model_sql}
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+def set_up_deprecations():
+    deprecations.reset_deprecations()
+    assert deprecations.active_deprecations == set()
+
+
 class TestOverrideAdapterDependency:
     # make sure that if there's a dependency with an adapter-specific
     # materialization, we honor that materialization
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def packages(self):
         return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-adapter-dep"}]}
 
-    def test_adapter_dependency(self, project, override_view_adapter_dep):
+    def test_adapter_dependency(self, project, override_view_adapter_dep, set_up_deprecations):
+        run_dbt(["deps"])
+        # this should error because the override is buggy
+        run_dbt(["run"], expect_pass=False)
+
+        # overriding a built-in materialization scoped to adapter from package is deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == {"package-materialization-override"}
+
+
+class TestOverrideAdapterDependencyDeprecated:
+    # make sure that if there's a dependency with an adapter-specific
+    # materialization, we honor that materialization
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def packages(self):
+        return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-adapter-dep"}]}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def project_config_update(self):
+        return {
+            "flags": {
+                "require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations": True,
+            },
+        }
+
+    def test_adapter_dependency_deprecate_overrides(
+        self, project, override_view_adapter_dep, set_up_deprecations
+    ):
+        run_dbt(["deps"])
+        # this should pass because the override is buggy and unused
+        run_dbt(["run"])
+
+        # no deprecation warning -- flag used correctly
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == set()
+
+
+class TestOverrideAdapterDependencyLegacy:
+    # make sure that if there's a dependency with an adapter-specific
+    # materialization, we honor that materialization
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def packages(self):
+        return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-adapter-dep"}]}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def project_config_update(self):
+        return {
+            "flags": {
+                "require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations": False,
+            },
+        }
+
+    def test_adapter_dependency(self, project, override_view_adapter_dep, set_up_deprecations):
         run_dbt(["deps"])
         # this should error because the override is buggy
         run_dbt(["run"], expect_pass=False)
 
+        # overriding a built-in materialization scoped to adapter from package is deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == {"package-materialization-override"}
+
 
 class TestOverrideDefaultDependency:
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def packages(self):
         return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-default-dep"}]}
 
-    def test_default_dependency(self, project, override_view_default_dep):
+    def test_default_dependency(self, project, override_view_default_dep, set_up_deprecations):
+        run_dbt(["deps"])
+        # this should error because the override is buggy
+        run_dbt(["run"], expect_pass=False)
+
+        # overriding a built-in materialization from package is deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == {"package-materialization-override"}
+
+
+class TestOverrideDefaultDependencyDeprecated:
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def packages(self):
+        return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-default-dep"}]}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def project_config_update(self):
+        return {
+            "flags": {
+                "require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations": True,
+            },
+        }
+
+    def test_default_dependency_deprecated(
+        self, project, override_view_default_dep, set_up_deprecations
+    ):
+        run_dbt(["deps"])
+        # this should pass because the override is buggy and unused
+        run_dbt(["run"])
+
+        # overriding a built-in materialization from package is deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == set()
+
+
+class TestOverrideDefaultDependencyLegacy:
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def packages(self):
+        return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-default-dep"}]}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def project_config_update(self):
+        return {
+            "flags": {
+                "require_explicit_package_overrides_for_builtin_materializations": False,
+            },
+        }
+
+    def test_default_dependency(self, project, override_view_default_dep, set_up_deprecations):
+        run_dbt(["deps"])
+        # this should error because the override is buggy
+        run_dbt(["run"], expect_pass=False)
+
+        # overriding a built-in materialization from package is deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == {"package-materialization-override"}
+
+
+root_view_override_macro = """
+{% materialization view, default %}
+ {{ return(view_default_override.materialization_view_default()) }}
+{% endmaterialization %}
+"""
+
+
+class TestOverrideDefaultDependencyRootOverride:
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def packages(self):
+        return {"packages": [{"local": "override-view-default-dep"}]}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def macros(self):
+        return {"my_view.sql": root_view_override_macro}
+
+    def test_default_dependency_with_root_override(
+        self, project, override_view_default_dep, set_up_deprecations
+    ):
         run_dbt(["deps"])
         # this should error because the override is buggy
         run_dbt(["run"], expect_pass=False)
 
+        # using an package-overriden built-in materialization in a root matereialization is _not_ deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == set()
+
+
+class TestCustomMaterializationDependency:
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def models(self):
+        return {"model.sql": models_custom_materialization__model_sql}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    def packages(self):
+        return {"packages": [{"local": "custom-materialization-dep"}]}
+
+    def test_custom_materialization_deopendency(
+        self, project, custom_materialization_dep, set_up_deprecations
+    ):
+        run_dbt(["deps"])
+        # custom materilization is valid
+        run_dbt(["run"])
+
+        # using a custom materialization is from an installed package is _not_ deprecated
+        assert deprecations.active_deprecations == set()
+
 
 class TestOverrideAdapterDependencyPassing:
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ def setup(self, project):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def dbt_profile_data(self, unique_schema):
         return {
-            "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
             "test": {
                 "outputs": {
                     "default": {

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ def macros(self):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def dbt_profile_data(self, unique_schema):
         return {
-            "config": {"send_anonymous_usage_stats": False},
             "test": {
                 "outputs": {
                     "default": {

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 from dbt.cli.flags import Flags
 from dbt.cli.main import cli
 from dbt.cli.types import Command
-from dbt.contracts.project import UserConfig
+from dbt.contracts.project import ProjectFlags
 from dbt.exceptions import DbtInternalError
 from dbt.helper_types import WarnErrorOptions
 from dbt.tests.util import rm_file, write_file
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ def run_context(self) -> click.Context:
         return self.make_dbt_context("run", ["run"])
 
     @pytest.fixture
-    def user_config(self) -> UserConfig:
-        return UserConfig()
+    def project_flags(self) -> ProjectFlags:
+        return ProjectFlags()
 
     def test_which(self, run_context):
         flags = Flags(run_context)
@@ -110,35 +110,35 @@ def test_anonymous_usage_state(
         flags = Flags(run_context)
         assert flags.SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS == expected_anonymous_usage_stats
 
-    def test_empty_user_config_uses_default(self, run_context, user_config):
-        flags = Flags(run_context, user_config)
+    def test_empty_project_flags_uses_default(self, run_context, project_flags):
+        flags = Flags(run_context, project_flags)
         assert flags.USE_COLORS == run_context.params["use_colors"]
 
-    def test_none_user_config_uses_default(self, run_context):
+    def test_none_project_flags_uses_default(self, run_context):
         flags = Flags(run_context, None)
         assert flags.USE_COLORS == run_context.params["use_colors"]
 
-    def test_prefer_user_config_to_default(self, run_context, user_config):
-        user_config.use_colors = False
+    def test_prefer_project_flags_to_default(self, run_context, project_flags):
+        project_flags.use_colors = False
         # ensure default value is not the same as user config
-        assert run_context.params["use_colors"] is not user_config.use_colors
+        assert run_context.params["use_colors"] is not project_flags.use_colors
 
-        flags = Flags(run_context, user_config)
-        assert flags.USE_COLORS == user_config.use_colors
+        flags = Flags(run_context, project_flags)
+        assert flags.USE_COLORS == project_flags.use_colors
 
-    def test_prefer_param_value_to_user_config(self):
-        user_config = UserConfig(use_colors=False)
+    def test_prefer_param_value_to_project_flags(self):
+        project_flags = ProjectFlags(use_colors=False)
         context = self.make_dbt_context("run", ["--use-colors", "True", "run"])
 
-        flags = Flags(context, user_config)
+        flags = Flags(context, project_flags)
         assert flags.USE_COLORS
 
-    def test_prefer_env_to_user_config(self, monkeypatch, user_config):
-        user_config.use_colors = False
+    def test_prefer_env_to_project_flags(self, monkeypatch, project_flags):
+        project_flags.use_colors = False
         monkeypatch.setenv("DBT_USE_COLORS", "True")
         context = self.make_dbt_context("run", ["run"])
 
-        flags = Flags(context, user_config)
+        flags = Flags(context, project_flags)
         assert flags.USE_COLORS
 
     def test_mutually_exclusive_options_passed_separately(self):
@@ -163,14 +163,14 @@ def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_cli(self):
             Flags(context)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("warn_error", [True, False])
-    def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_user_config(self, warn_error, user_config):
-        user_config.warn_error = warn_error
+    def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_project_flags(self, warn_error, project_flags):
+        project_flags.warn_error = warn_error
         context = self.make_dbt_context(
             "run", ["--warn-error-options", '{"include": "all"}', "run"]
         )
 
         with pytest.raises(DbtUsageException):
-            Flags(context, user_config)
+            Flags(context, project_flags)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("warn_error", ["True", "False"])
     def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_envvar(self, warn_error, monkeypatch):
@@ -182,14 +182,16 @@ def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_envvar(self, warn_error, monkeypatch):
             Flags(context)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("warn_error", [True, False])
-    def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_cli_and_user_config(self, warn_error, user_config):
-        user_config.warn_error = warn_error
+    def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_cli_and_project_flags(
+        self, warn_error, project_flags
+    ):
+        project_flags.warn_error = warn_error
         context = self.make_dbt_context(
             "run", ["--warn-error-options", '{"include": "all"}', "run"]
         )
 
         with pytest.raises(DbtUsageException):
-            Flags(context, user_config)
+            Flags(context, project_flags)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("warn_error", ["True", "False"])
     def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_cli_and_envvar(self, warn_error, monkeypatch):
@@ -202,15 +204,15 @@ def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_cli_and_envvar(self, warn_error, monkey
             Flags(context)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("warn_error", ["True", "False"])
-    def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_user_config_and_envvar(
-        self, user_config, warn_error, monkeypatch
+    def test_mutually_exclusive_options_from_project_flags_and_envvar(
+        self, project_flags, warn_error, monkeypatch
     ):
-        user_config.warn_error = warn_error
+        project_flags.warn_error = warn_error
         monkeypatch.setenv("DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS", '{"include": "all"}')
         context = self.make_dbt_context("run", ["run"])
 
         with pytest.raises(DbtUsageException):
-            Flags(context, user_config)
+            Flags(context, project_flags)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "cli_colors,cli_colors_file,flag_colors,flag_colors_file",
@@ -319,10 +321,10 @@ def test_log_format_interaction(
         assert flags.LOG_FORMAT_FILE == flag_log_format_file
 
     def test_log_settings_from_config(self):
-        """Test that values set in UserConfig for log settings will set flags as expected"""
+        """Test that values set in ProjectFlags for log settings will set flags as expected"""
         context = self.make_dbt_context("run", ["run"])
 
-        config = UserConfig(log_format="json", log_level="warn", use_colors=False)
+        config = ProjectFlags(log_format="json", log_level="warn", use_colors=False)
 
         flags = Flags(context, config)
 
@@ -334,11 +336,11 @@ def test_log_settings_from_config(self):
         assert flags.USE_COLORS_FILE is False
 
     def test_log_file_settings_from_config(self):
-        """Test that values set in UserConfig for log *file* settings will set flags as expected, leaving the console
+        """Test that values set in ProjectFlags for log *file* settings will set flags as expected, leaving the console
         logging flags with their default values"""
         context = self.make_dbt_context("run", ["run"])
 
-        config = UserConfig(log_format_file="json", log_level_file="warn", use_colors_file=False)
+        config = ProjectFlags(log_format_file="json", log_level_file="warn", use_colors_file=False)
 
         flags = Flags(context, config)
 
@@ -369,6 +371,14 @@ def test_global_flag_at_child_context(self):
 
         assert flags_a.USE_COLORS == flags_b.USE_COLORS
 
+    def test_set_project_only_flags(self, project_flags, run_context):
+        flags = Flags(run_context, project_flags)
+
+        for project_only_flag, project_only_flag_value in project_flags.project_only_flags.items():
+            assert getattr(flags, project_only_flag) == project_only_flag_value
+            # sanity check: ensure project_only_flag is not part of the click context
+            assert project_only_flag not in run_context.params
+
     def _create_flags_from_dict(self, cmd, d):
         write_file("", "profiles.yml")
         result = Flags.from_dict(cmd, d)
@@ -409,3 +419,38 @@ def test_from_dict_0_value(self):
         args_dict = {"log_file_max_bytes": 0}
         flags = Flags.from_dict(Command.RUN, args_dict)
         assert flags.LOG_FILE_MAX_BYTES == 0
+
+
+def test_project_flag_defaults():
+    flags = ProjectFlags()
+    # From # 9183: Let's add a unit test that ensures that:
+    # every attribute of ProjectFlags that has a corresponding click option
+    # in params.py should be set to None by default (except for anon user
+    # tracking). Going forward, flags can have non-None defaults if they
+    # do not have a corresponding CLI option/env var. These will be used
+    # to control backwards incompatible interface or behaviour changes.
+
+    # List of all flags except send_anonymous_usage_stats
+    project_flags = [
+        "cache_selected_only",
+        "debug",
+        "fail_fast",
+        "indirect_selection",
+        "log_format",
+        "log_format_file",
+        "log_level",
+        "log_level_file",
+        "partial_parse",
+        "populate_cache",
+        "printer_width",
+        "static_parser",
+        "use_colors",
+        "use_colors_file",
+        "use_experimental_parser",
+        "version_check",
+        "warn_error",
+        "warn_error_options",
+        "write_json",
+    ]
+    for flag in project_flags:
+        assert getattr(flags, flag) is None

@@ -119,12 +119,17 @@ class BaseConfigTest(unittest.TestCase):
     """
 
     def setUp(self):
+        # Write project
+        self.project_dir = normalize(tempfile.mkdtemp())
         self.default_project_data = {
             "version": "0.0.1",
             "name": "my_test_project",
             "profile": "default",
-            "config-version": 2,
         }
+        self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
+
+        # Write profile
+        self.profiles_dir = normalize(tempfile.mkdtemp())
         self.default_profile_data = {
             "default": {
                 "outputs": {
@@ -176,6 +181,8 @@ def setUp(self):
             },
             "empty_profile_data": {},
         }
+        self.write_profile(self.default_profile_data)
+
         self.args = Namespace(
             profiles_dir=self.profiles_dir,
             cli_vars={},
@@ -203,13 +210,6 @@ def assertRaisesOrReturns(self, exc):
         else:
             return self.assertRaises(exc)
 
-
-class BaseFileTest(BaseConfigTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.project_dir = normalize(tempfile.mkdtemp())
-        self.profiles_dir = normalize(tempfile.mkdtemp())
-        super().setUp()
-
     def tearDown(self):
         try:
             shutil.rmtree(self.project_dir)
@@ -248,11 +248,6 @@ def write_empty_profile(self):
 
 
 class TestProfile(BaseConfigTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.profiles_dir = "/invalid-path"
-        self.project_dir = "/invalid-project-path"
-        super().setUp()
-
     def from_raw_profiles(self):
         renderer = empty_profile_renderer()
         return dbt.config.Profile.from_raw_profiles(self.default_profile_data, "default", renderer)
@@ -262,8 +257,6 @@ def test_from_raw_profiles(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
         self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.threads, 7)
-        self.assertTrue(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(profile.credentials, PostgresCredentials))
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.type, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.host, "postgres-db-hostname")
@@ -273,29 +266,6 @@ def test_from_raw_profiles(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.schema, "postgres-schema")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.database, "postgres-db-name")
 
-    def test_config_override(self):
-        self.default_profile_data["config"] = {
-            "send_anonymous_usage_stats": False,
-            "use_colors": False,
-        }
-        profile = self.from_raw_profiles()
-        self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
-        self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "postgres")
-        self.assertFalse(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertFalse(profile.user_config.use_colors)
-
-    def test_partial_config_override(self):
-        self.default_profile_data["config"] = {
-            "send_anonymous_usage_stats": False,
-            "printer_width": 60,
-        }
-        profile = self.from_raw_profiles()
-        self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
-        self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "postgres")
-        self.assertFalse(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
-        self.assertEqual(profile.user_config.printer_width, 60)
-
     def test_missing_type(self):
         del self.default_profile_data["default"]["outputs"]["postgres"]["type"]
         with self.assertRaises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProfileError) as exc:
@@ -337,7 +307,7 @@ def test_extra_path(self):
             }
         )
         with self.assertRaises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProjectError) as exc:
-            project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+            project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir)
 
         self.assertIn("source-paths and model-paths", str(exc.exception))
         self.assertIn("cannot both be defined.", str(exc.exception))
@@ -403,11 +373,7 @@ def test_invalid_env_vars(self):
         self.assertIn("Could not convert value 'hello' into type 'number'", str(exc.exception))
 
 
-class TestProfileFile(BaseFileTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        super().setUp()
-        self.write_profile(self.default_profile_data)
-
+class TestProfileFile(BaseConfigTest):
     def from_raw_profile_info(self, raw_profile=None, profile_name="default", **kwargs):
         if raw_profile is None:
             raw_profile = self.default_profile_data["default"]
@@ -438,8 +404,6 @@ def test_profile_simple(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
         self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.threads, 7)
-        self.assertTrue(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(profile.credentials, PostgresCredentials))
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.type, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.host, "postgres-db-hostname")
@@ -464,8 +428,6 @@ def test_profile_override(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "other")
         self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "other-postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.threads, 3)
-        self.assertTrue(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(profile.credentials, PostgresCredentials))
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.type, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.host, "other-postgres-db-hostname")
@@ -485,8 +447,6 @@ def test_env_vars(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
         self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "with-vars")
         self.assertEqual(profile.threads, 1)
-        self.assertTrue(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.type, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.host, "env-postgres-host")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.port, 6543)
@@ -505,8 +465,6 @@ def test_env_vars_env_target(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
         self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "with-vars")
         self.assertEqual(profile.threads, 1)
-        self.assertTrue(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.type, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.host, "env-postgres-host")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.port, 6543)
@@ -537,8 +495,6 @@ def test_cli_and_env_vars(self):
         self.assertEqual(profile.profile_name, "default")
         self.assertEqual(profile.target_name, "cli-and-env-vars")
         self.assertEqual(profile.threads, 1)
-        self.assertTrue(profile.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats)
-        self.assertIsNone(profile.user_config.use_colors)
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.type, "postgres")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.host, "cli-postgres-host")
         self.assertEqual(profile.credentials.port, 6543)
@@ -567,18 +523,19 @@ def test_profile_with_empty_profile_data(self):
 
 
 def project_from_config_norender(
-    cfg, packages=None, path="/invalid-root-path", verify_version=False
+    cfg, packages=None, project_root="/invalid-root-path", verify_version=False
 ):
     if packages is None:
         packages = {}
     partial = dbt.config.project.PartialProject.from_dicts(
-        path,
+        project_root,
         project_dict=cfg,
         packages_dict=packages,
         selectors_dict={},
         verify_version=verify_version,
     )
-    # no rendering
+    # no rendering ... Why?
+    partial.project_dict["project-root"] = project_root
     rendered = dbt.config.project.RenderComponents(
         project_dict=partial.project_dict,
         packages_dict=partial.packages_dict,
@@ -590,14 +547,14 @@ def project_from_config_norender(
 def project_from_config_rendered(
     cfg,
     packages=None,
-    path="/invalid-root-path",
+    project_root="/invalid-root-path",
     verify_version=False,
     packages_specified_path=PACKAGES_FILE_NAME,
 ):
     if packages is None:
         packages = {}
     partial = dbt.config.project.PartialProject.from_dicts(
-        path,
+        project_root,
         project_dict=cfg,
         packages_dict=packages,
         selectors_dict={},
@@ -608,18 +565,14 @@ def project_from_config_rendered(
 
 
 class TestProject(BaseConfigTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.profiles_dir = "/invalid-profiles-path"
-        self.project_dir = "/invalid-root-path"
-        super().setUp()
-        self.default_project_data["project-root"] = self.project_dir
-
     def test_defaults(self):
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.project_name, "my_test_project")
         self.assertEqual(project.version, "0.0.1")
         self.assertEqual(project.profile_name, "default")
-        self.assertEqual(project.project_root, "/invalid-root-path")
+        self.assertEqual(project.project_root, self.project_dir)
         self.assertEqual(project.model_paths, ["models"])
         self.assertEqual(project.macro_paths, ["macros"])
         self.assertEqual(project.seed_paths, ["seeds"])
@@ -645,30 +598,38 @@ def test_defaults(self):
         str(project)
 
     def test_eq(self):
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
-        other = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
+        other = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project, other)
 
     def test_neq(self):
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertNotEqual(project, object())
 
     def test_implicit_overrides(self):
         self.default_project_data.update(
             {
                 "model-paths": ["other-models"],
-                "target-path": "other-target",
             }
         )
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(
             set(project.docs_paths),
             set(["other-models", "seeds", "snapshots", "analyses", "macros"]),
         )
-        self.assertEqual(project.clean_targets, ["other-target"])
 
     def test_hashed_name(self):
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.hashed_name(), "754cd47eac1d6f50a5f7cd399ec43da4")
 
     def test_all_overrides(self):
@@ -682,7 +643,6 @@ def test_all_overrides(self):
                 "analysis-paths": ["other-analyses"],
                 "docs-paths": ["docs"],
                 "asset-paths": ["other-assets"],
-                "target-path": "other-target",
                 "clean-targets": ["another-target"],
                 "packages-install-path": "other-dbt_packages",
                 "quoting": {"identifier": False},
@@ -731,19 +691,19 @@ def test_all_overrides(self):
                 {"git": "git@example.com:dbt-labs/dbt-utils.git", "revision": "test-rev"},
             ],
         }
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data, packages=packages)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir, packages=packages
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.project_name, "my_test_project")
         self.assertEqual(project.version, "0.0.1")
         self.assertEqual(project.profile_name, "default")
-        self.assertEqual(project.project_root, "/invalid-root-path")
         self.assertEqual(project.model_paths, ["other-models"])
         self.assertEqual(project.macro_paths, ["other-macros"])
         self.assertEqual(project.seed_paths, ["other-seeds"])
         self.assertEqual(project.test_paths, ["other-tests"])
         self.assertEqual(project.analysis_paths, ["other-analyses"])
         self.assertEqual(project.docs_paths, ["docs"])
         self.assertEqual(project.asset_paths, ["other-assets"])
-        self.assertEqual(project.target_path, "other-target")
         self.assertEqual(project.clean_targets, ["another-target"])
         self.assertEqual(project.packages_install_path, "other-dbt_packages")
         self.assertEqual(project.quoting, {"identifier": False})
@@ -822,11 +782,12 @@ def test_string_run_hooks(self):
     def test_invalid_project_name(self):
         self.default_project_data["name"] = "invalid-project-name"
         with self.assertRaises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProjectError) as exc:
-            project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+            project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir)
 
         self.assertIn("invalid-project-name", str(exc.exception))
 
     def test_no_project(self):
+        os.remove(os.path.join(self.project_dir, "dbt_project.yml"))
         renderer = empty_project_renderer()
         with self.assertRaises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProjectError) as exc:
             dbt.config.Project.from_project_root(self.project_dir, renderer)
@@ -836,12 +797,12 @@ def test_no_project(self):
     def test_invalid_version(self):
         self.default_project_data["require-dbt-version"] = "hello!"
         with self.assertRaises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProjectError):
-            project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+            project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir)
 
     def test_unsupported_version(self):
         self.default_project_data["require-dbt-version"] = ">99999.0.0"
         # allowed, because the RuntimeConfig checks, not the Project itself
-        project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir)
 
     def test_none_values(self):
         self.default_project_data.update(
@@ -891,7 +852,9 @@ def test_query_comment_disabled(self):
                 "query-comment": None,
             }
         )
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.comment, "")
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.append, False)
 
@@ -900,12 +863,16 @@ def test_query_comment_disabled(self):
                 "query-comment": "",
             }
         )
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.comment, "")
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.append, False)
 
     def test_default_query_comment(self):
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment, QueryComment())
 
     def test_default_query_comment_append(self):
@@ -914,7 +881,9 @@ def test_default_query_comment_append(self):
                 "query-comment": {"append": True},
             }
         )
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.comment, DEFAULT_QUERY_COMMENT)
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.append, True)
 
@@ -924,7 +893,9 @@ def test_custom_query_comment_append(self):
                 "query-comment": {"comment": "run by user test", "append": True},
             }
         )
-        project = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        project = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.comment, "run by user test")
         self.assertEqual(project.query_comment.append, True)
 
@@ -946,17 +917,13 @@ def test_packages_from_dependencies(self):
         assert git_package.git == "{{ env_var('some_package') }}"
 
 
-class TestProjectFile(BaseFileTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        super().setUp()
-        self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
-        # and after the fact, add the project root
-        self.default_project_data["project-root"] = self.project_dir
-
+class TestProjectFile(BaseConfigTest):
     def test_from_project_root(self):
         renderer = empty_project_renderer()
         project = dbt.config.Project.from_project_root(self.project_dir, renderer)
-        from_config = project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data)
+        from_config = project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir
+        )
         self.assertEqual(project, from_config)
         self.assertEqual(project.version, "0.0.1")
         self.assertEqual(project.project_name, "my_test_project")
@@ -973,12 +940,7 @@ def run(self):
         pass
 
 
-class TestConfiguredTask(BaseFileTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        super().setUp()
-        self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
-        self.write_profile(self.default_profile_data)
-
+class TestConfiguredTask(BaseConfigTest):
     def tearDown(self):
         super().tearDown()
         # These tests will change the directory to the project path,
@@ -997,15 +959,13 @@ def test_configured_task_dir_change_with_bad_path(self):
             InheritsFromConfiguredTask.from_args(self.args)
 
 
-class TestVariableProjectFile(BaseFileTest):
+class TestVariableProjectFile(BaseConfigTest):
     def setUp(self):
         super().setUp()
         self.default_project_data["version"] = "{{ var('cli_version') }}"
         self.default_project_data["name"] = "blah"
         self.default_project_data["profile"] = "{{ env_var('env_value_profile') }}"
         self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
-        # and after the fact, add the project root
-        self.default_project_data["project-root"] = self.project_dir
 
     def test_cli_and_env_vars(self):
         renderer = dbt.config.renderer.DbtProjectYamlRenderer(None, {"cli_version": "0.1.2"})
@@ -1022,15 +982,11 @@ def test_cli_and_env_vars(self):
 
 
 class TestRuntimeConfig(BaseConfigTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.profiles_dir = "/invalid-profiles-path"
-        self.project_dir = "/invalid-root-path"
-        super().setUp()
-        self.default_project_data["project-root"] = self.project_dir
-
     def get_project(self):
         return project_from_config_norender(
-            self.default_project_data, verify_version=self.args.version_check
+            self.default_project_data,
+            project_root=self.project_dir,
+            verify_version=self.args.version_check,
         )
 
     def get_profile(self):
@@ -1079,14 +1035,6 @@ def test_str(self):
         # to make sure nothing terrible happens
         str(config)
 
-    def test_validate_fails(self):
-        project = self.get_project()
-        profile = self.get_profile()
-        # invalid - must be boolean
-        profile.user_config.use_colors = 100
-        with self.assertRaises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProjectError):
-            dbt.config.RuntimeConfig.from_parts(project, profile, {})
-
     def test_supported_version(self):
         self.default_project_data["require-dbt-version"] = ">0.0.0"
         conf = self.from_parts()
@@ -1210,7 +1158,9 @@ def setUp(self):
         }
 
     def get_project(self):
-        return project_from_config_norender(self.default_project_data, verify_version=True)
+        return project_from_config_norender(
+            self.default_project_data, project_root=self.project_dir, verify_version=True
+        )
 
     def get_profile(self):
         renderer = empty_profile_renderer()
@@ -1242,14 +1192,7 @@ def test__warn_for_unused_resource_config_paths(self):
             assert expected_msg in msg
 
 
-class TestRuntimeConfigFiles(BaseFileTest):
-    def setUp(self):
-        super().setUp()
-        self.write_profile(self.default_profile_data)
-        self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
-        # and after the fact, add the project root
-        self.default_project_data["project-root"] = self.project_dir
-
+class TestRuntimeConfigFiles(BaseConfigTest):
     def test_from_args(self):
         with temp_cd(self.project_dir):
             config = dbt.config.RuntimeConfig.from_args(self.args)
@@ -1279,7 +1222,7 @@ def test_from_args(self):
         self.assertEqual(config.project_name, "my_test_project")
 
 
-class TestVariableRuntimeConfigFiles(BaseFileTest):
+class TestVariableRuntimeConfigFiles(BaseConfigTest):
     def setUp(self):
         super().setUp()
         self.default_project_data.update(
@@ -1311,9 +1254,6 @@ def setUp(self):
             }
         )
         self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
-        self.write_profile(self.default_profile_data)
-        # and after the fact, add the project root
-        self.default_project_data["project-root"] = self.project_dir
 
     def test_cli_and_env_vars(self):
         self.args.target = "cli-and-env-vars"
@@ -1387,3 +1327,30 @@ def test_lookups(self):
         for node, key, expected_value in expected:
             value = vars_provider.vars_for(node, "postgres").get(key)
             assert value == expected_value
+
+
+class TestMultipleProjectFlags(BaseConfigTest):
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+
+        self.default_project_data.update(
+            {
+                "flags": {
+                    "send_anonymous_usage_data": False,
+                }
+            }
+        )
+        self.write_project(self.default_project_data)
+
+        self.default_profile_data.update(
+            {
+                "config": {
+                    "send_anonymous_usage_data": False,
+                }
+            }
+        )
+        self.write_profile(self.default_profile_data)
+
+    def test_setting_multiple_flags(self):
+        with pytest.raises(dbt.exceptions.DbtProjectError):
+            set_from_args(self.args, None)

@@ -145,6 +145,10 @@ def test_event_codes(self):
     types.ConfigLogPathDeprecation(deprecated_path=""),
     types.ConfigTargetPathDeprecation(deprecated_path=""),
     types.CollectFreshnessReturnSignature(),
+    types.ProjectFlagsMovedDeprecation(),
+    types.PackageMaterializationOverrideDeprecation(
+        package_name="my_package", materialization_name="view"
+    ),
     # E - DB Adapter ======================
     types.AdapterEventDebug(),
     types.AdapterEventInfo(),

@@ -1,340 +0,0 @@
-import os
-from unittest import TestCase
-from argparse import Namespace
-import pytest
-
-from dbt import flags
-from dbt.contracts.project import UserConfig
-from dbt.graph.selector_spec import IndirectSelection
-from dbt.helper_types import WarnErrorOptions
-
-# Skip due to interface for flag updated
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.skip
-
-
-class TestFlags(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.args = Namespace()
-        self.user_config = UserConfig()
-
-    def test__flags(self):
-
-        # use_experimental_parser
-        self.user_config.use_experimental_parser = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.USE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.USE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "use_experimental_parser", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.USE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER")
-        delattr(self.args, "use_experimental_parser")
-        flags.USE_EXPERIMENTAL_PARSER = False
-        self.user_config.use_experimental_parser = None
-
-        # static_parser
-        self.user_config.static_parser = False
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.STATIC_PARSER, False)
-        os.environ["DBT_STATIC_PARSER"] = "true"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.STATIC_PARSER, True)
-        setattr(self.args, "static_parser", False)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.STATIC_PARSER, False)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_STATIC_PARSER")
-        delattr(self.args, "static_parser")
-        flags.STATIC_PARSER = True
-        self.user_config.static_parser = None
-
-        # warn_error
-        self.user_config.warn_error = False
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WARN_ERROR, False)
-        os.environ["DBT_WARN_ERROR"] = "true"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WARN_ERROR, True)
-        setattr(self.args, "warn_error", False)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WARN_ERROR, False)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WARN_ERROR")
-        delattr(self.args, "warn_error")
-        flags.WARN_ERROR = False
-        self.user_config.warn_error = None
-
-        # warn_error_options
-        self.user_config.warn_error_options = '{"include": "all"}'
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS, WarnErrorOptions(include="all"))
-        os.environ["DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS"] = '{"include": []}'
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS, WarnErrorOptions(include=[]))
-        setattr(self.args, "warn_error_options", '{"include": "all"}')
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS, WarnErrorOptions(include="all"))
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS")
-        delattr(self.args, "warn_error_options")
-        self.user_config.warn_error_options = None
-
-        # write_json
-        self.user_config.write_json = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WRITE_JSON, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_WRITE_JSON"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WRITE_JSON, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "write_json", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.WRITE_JSON, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WRITE_JSON")
-        delattr(self.args, "write_json")
-
-        # partial_parse
-        self.user_config.partial_parse = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.PARTIAL_PARSE, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_PARTIAL_PARSE"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.PARTIAL_PARSE, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "partial_parse", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.PARTIAL_PARSE, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_PARTIAL_PARSE")
-        delattr(self.args, "partial_parse")
-        self.user_config.partial_parse = False
-
-        # use_colors
-        self.user_config.use_colors = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.USE_COLORS, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_USE_COLORS"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.USE_COLORS, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "use_colors", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.USE_COLORS, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_USE_COLORS")
-        delattr(self.args, "use_colors")
-
-        # debug
-        self.user_config.debug = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.DEBUG, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_DEBUG"] = "True"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.DEBUG, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_DEBUG"] = "False"
-        setattr(self.args, "debug", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.DEBUG, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_DEBUG")
-        delattr(self.args, "debug")
-        self.user_config.debug = None
-
-        # log_format -- text, json, default
-        self.user_config.log_format = "text"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.LOG_FORMAT, "text")
-        os.environ["DBT_LOG_FORMAT"] = "json"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.LOG_FORMAT, "json")
-        setattr(self.args, "log_format", "text")
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.LOG_FORMAT, "text")
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_LOG_FORMAT")
-        delattr(self.args, "log_format")
-        self.user_config.log_format = None
-
-        # version_check
-        self.user_config.version_check = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.VERSION_CHECK, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_VERSION_CHECK"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.VERSION_CHECK, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "version_check", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.VERSION_CHECK, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_VERSION_CHECK")
-        delattr(self.args, "version_check")
-
-        # fail_fast
-        self.user_config.fail_fast = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.FAIL_FAST, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_FAIL_FAST"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.FAIL_FAST, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "fail_fast", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.FAIL_FAST, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_FAIL_FAST")
-        delattr(self.args, "fail_fast")
-        self.user_config.fail_fast = False
-
-        # send_anonymous_usage_stats
-        self.user_config.send_anonymous_usage_stats = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "send_anonymous_usage_stats", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS, True)
-        os.environ["DO_NOT_TRACK"] = "1"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS, False)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS")
-        os.environ.pop("DO_NOT_TRACK")
-        delattr(self.args, "send_anonymous_usage_stats")
-
-        # printer_width
-        self.user_config.printer_width = 100
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.PRINTER_WIDTH, 100)
-        os.environ["DBT_PRINTER_WIDTH"] = "80"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.PRINTER_WIDTH, 80)
-        setattr(self.args, "printer_width", "120")
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.PRINTER_WIDTH, 120)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_PRINTER_WIDTH")
-        delattr(self.args, "printer_width")
-        self.user_config.printer_width = None
-
-        # indirect_selection
-        self.user_config.indirect_selection = "eager"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.INDIRECT_SELECTION, IndirectSelection.Eager)
-        self.user_config.indirect_selection = "cautious"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.INDIRECT_SELECTION, IndirectSelection.Cautious)
-        self.user_config.indirect_selection = "buildable"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.INDIRECT_SELECTION, IndirectSelection.Buildable)
-        self.user_config.indirect_selection = None
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.INDIRECT_SELECTION, IndirectSelection.Eager)
-        os.environ["DBT_INDIRECT_SELECTION"] = "cautious"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.INDIRECT_SELECTION, IndirectSelection.Cautious)
-        setattr(self.args, "indirect_selection", "cautious")
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.INDIRECT_SELECTION, IndirectSelection.Cautious)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_INDIRECT_SELECTION")
-        delattr(self.args, "indirect_selection")
-        self.user_config.indirect_selection = None
-
-        # quiet
-        self.user_config.quiet = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.QUIET, True)
-        # cleanup
-        self.user_config.quiet = None
-
-        # no_print
-        self.user_config.no_print = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.NO_PRINT, True)
-        # cleanup
-        self.user_config.no_print = None
-
-        # cache_selected_only
-        self.user_config.cache_selected_only = True
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.CACHE_SELECTED_ONLY, True)
-        os.environ["DBT_CACHE_SELECTED_ONLY"] = "false"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.CACHE_SELECTED_ONLY, False)
-        setattr(self.args, "cache_selected_only", True)
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.CACHE_SELECTED_ONLY, True)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_CACHE_SELECTED_ONLY")
-        delattr(self.args, "cache_selected_only")
-        self.user_config.cache_selected_only = False
-
-        # target_path/log_path
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertIsNone(flags.LOG_PATH)
-        os.environ["DBT_LOG_PATH"] = "a/b/c"
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.LOG_PATH, "a/b/c")
-        setattr(self.args, "log_path", "d/e/f")
-        flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        self.assertEqual(flags.LOG_PATH, "d/e/f")
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_LOG_PATH")
-        delattr(self.args, "log_path")
-
-    def test__flags_are_mutually_exclusive(self):
-        # options from user config
-        self.user_config.warn_error = False
-        self.user_config.warn_error_options = '{"include":"all"}'
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        # cleanup
-        self.user_config.warn_error = None
-        self.user_config.warn_error_options = None
-
-        # options from args
-        setattr(self.args, "warn_error", False)
-        setattr(self.args, "warn_error_options", '{"include":"all"}')
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        # cleanup
-        delattr(self.args, "warn_error")
-        delattr(self.args, "warn_error_options")
-
-        # options from environment
-        os.environ["DBT_WARN_ERROR"] = "false"
-        os.environ["DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS"] = '{"include": []}'
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        # cleanup
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WARN_ERROR")
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS")
-
-        # options from user config + args
-        self.user_config.warn_error = False
-        setattr(self.args, "warn_error_options", '{"include":"all"}')
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        # cleanup
-        self.user_config.warn_error = None
-        delattr(self.args, "warn_error_options")
-
-        # options from user config + environ
-        self.user_config.warn_error = False
-        os.environ["DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS"] = '{"include": []}'
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        # cleanup
-        self.user_config.warn_error = None
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS")
-
-        # options from args + environ
-        setattr(self.args, "warn_error", False)
-        os.environ["DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS"] = '{"include": []}'
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            flags.set_from_args(self.args, self.user_config)
-        # cleanup
-        delattr(self.args, "warn_error")
-        os.environ.pop("DBT_WARN_ERROR_OPTIONS")

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 import dbt.parser.manifest
 from dbt import tracking
 from dbt.contracts.files import SourceFile, FileHash, FilePath
+from dbt.contracts.project import ProjectFlags
 from dbt.contracts.graph.manifest import MacroManifest, ManifestStateCheck
 from dbt.graph import NodeSelector, parse_difference
 from dbt.events.functions import setup_event_logger
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ def get_config(self, extra_cfg=None):
         cfg.update(extra_cfg)
 
         config = config_from_parts_or_dicts(project=cfg, profile=self.profile)
-        dbt.flags.set_from_args(Namespace(), config)
+        dbt.flags.set_from_args(Namespace(), ProjectFlags())
         setup_event_logger(dbt.flags.get_flags())
         object.__setattr__(dbt.flags.get_flags(), "PARTIAL_PARSE", False)
         return config

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 from dbt import flags
 
 from argparse import Namespace
-from dbt.contracts.project import UserConfig
+from dbt.contracts.project import ProjectFlags
 
-flags.set_from_args(Namespace(), UserConfig())
+flags.set_from_args(Namespace(), ProjectFlags())
 
 
 def _get_graph():

@@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ def test_find_generate_macros_by_name(macros, expectations):
 FindMaterializationSpec = namedtuple("FindMaterializationSpec", "macros,adapter_type,expected")
 
 
-def _materialization_parameter_sets():
+def _materialization_parameter_sets_legacy():
     # inject the plugins used for materialization parameter tests
     with mock.patch("dbt.adapters.base.plugin.project_name_from_path") as get_name:
         get_name.return_value = "foo"
@@ -1386,12 +1386,187 @@ def id_mat(arg):
         return "_".join(arg)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "macros,adapter_type,expected",
+    _materialization_parameter_sets_legacy(),
+    ids=id_mat,
+)
+def test_find_materialization_by_name_legacy(macros, adapter_type, expected):
+    set_from_args(
+        Namespace(
+            SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS=False,
+            REQUIRE_EXPLICIT_PACKAGE_OVERRIDES_FOR_BUILTIN_MATERIALIZATIONS=False,
+        ),
+        None,
+    )
+
+    manifest = make_manifest(macros=macros)
+    result = manifest.find_materialization_macro_by_name(
+        project_name="root",
+        materialization_name="my_materialization",
+        adapter_type=adapter_type,
+    )
+    if expected is None:
+        assert result is expected
+    else:
+        expected_package, expected_adapter_type = expected
+        assert result.adapter_type == expected_adapter_type
+        assert result.package_name == expected_package
+
+
+def _materialization_parameter_sets():
+    # inject the plugins used for materialization parameter tests
+    with mock.patch("dbt.adapters.base.plugin.project_name_from_path") as get_name:
+        get_name.return_value = "foo"
+        FooPlugin = AdapterPlugin(
+            adapter=mock.MagicMock(),
+            credentials=mock.MagicMock(),
+            include_path="/path/to/root/plugin",
+        )
+        FooPlugin.adapter.type.return_value = "foo"
+        inject_plugin(FooPlugin)
+
+        BarPlugin = AdapterPlugin(
+            adapter=mock.MagicMock(),
+            credentials=mock.MagicMock(),
+            include_path="/path/to/root/plugin",
+            dependencies=["foo"],
+        )
+        BarPlugin.adapter.type.return_value = "bar"
+        inject_plugin(BarPlugin)
+
+        sets = [
+            FindMaterializationSpec(macros=[], adapter_type="foo", expected=None),
+        ]
+
+        # default only, each project
+        sets.extend(
+            FindMaterializationSpec(
+                macros=[MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type=None)],
+                adapter_type="foo",
+                expected=(project, "default"),
+            )
+            for project in ["root", "dep", "dbt"]
+        )
+
+        # other type only, each project
+        sets.extend(
+            FindMaterializationSpec(
+                macros=[MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type="bar")],
+                adapter_type="foo",
+                expected=None,
+            )
+            for project in ["root", "dep", "dbt"]
+        )
+
+        # matching type only, each project
+        sets.extend(
+            FindMaterializationSpec(
+                macros=[MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type="foo")],
+                adapter_type="foo",
+                expected=(project, "foo"),
+            )
+            for project in ["root", "dep", "dbt"]
+        )
+
+        sets.extend(
+            [
+                # matching type and default everywhere
+                FindMaterializationSpec(
+                    macros=[
+                        MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type=atype)
+                        for (project, atype) in product(["root", "dep", "dbt"], ["foo", None])
+                    ],
+                    adapter_type="foo",
+                    expected=("root", "foo"),
+                ),
+                # default in core, override is in dep, and root has unrelated override
+                # should find the dbt default because default materializations cannot be overwritten by packages.
+                FindMaterializationSpec(
+                    macros=[
+                        MockMaterialization("root", adapter_type="bar"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dep", adapter_type="foo"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dbt", adapter_type=None),
+                    ],
+                    adapter_type="foo",
+                    expected=("dbt", "default"),
+                ),
+                # default in core, unrelated override is in dep, and root has an override
+                # should find the root override.
+                FindMaterializationSpec(
+                    macros=[
+                        MockMaterialization("root", adapter_type="foo"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dep", adapter_type="bar"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dbt", adapter_type=None),
+                    ],
+                    adapter_type="foo",
+                    expected=("root", "foo"),
+                ),
+                # default in core, override is in dep, and root has an override too.
+                # should find the root override.
+                FindMaterializationSpec(
+                    macros=[
+                        MockMaterialization("root", adapter_type="foo"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dep", adapter_type="foo"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dbt", adapter_type=None),
+                    ],
+                    adapter_type="foo",
+                    expected=("root", "foo"),
+                ),
+                # core has default + adapter, dep has adapter, root has default
+                # should find the default adapter implementation, because it's the most specific
+                # and default materializations cannot be overwritten by packages
+                FindMaterializationSpec(
+                    macros=[
+                        MockMaterialization("root", adapter_type=None),
+                        MockMaterialization("dep", adapter_type="foo"),
+                        MockMaterialization("dbt", adapter_type=None),
+                        MockMaterialization("dbt", adapter_type="foo"),
+                    ],
+                    adapter_type="foo",
+                    expected=("dbt", "foo"),
+                ),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        # inherit from parent adapter
+        sets.extend(
+            FindMaterializationSpec(
+                macros=[MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type="foo")],
+                adapter_type="bar",
+                expected=(project, "foo"),
+            )
+            for project in ["root", "dep", "dbt"]
+        )
+        sets.extend(
+            FindMaterializationSpec(
+                macros=[
+                    MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type="foo"),
+                    MockMaterialization(project, adapter_type="bar"),
+                ],
+                adapter_type="bar",
+                expected=(project, "bar"),
+            )
+            for project in ["root", "dep", "dbt"]
+        )
+
+        return sets
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "macros,adapter_type,expected",
     _materialization_parameter_sets(),
     ids=id_mat,
 )
 def test_find_materialization_by_name(macros, adapter_type, expected):
+    set_from_args(
+        Namespace(
+            SEND_ANONYMOUS_USAGE_STATS=False,
+            REQUIRE_EXPLICIT_PACKAGE_OVERRIDES_FOR_BUILTIN_MATERIALIZATIONS=True,
+        ),
+        None,
+    )
+
     manifest = make_manifest(macros=macros)
     result = manifest.find_materialization_macro_by_name(
         project_name="root",