Vendor CVEs
Sybase
All CVEs
37 total · sorted by risk| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2016-7402 | Cri | 0.64 | 9.8 | 0.01 | Nov 3, 2016 | SAP ASE 16.0 SP02 PL03 and prior versions allow attackers who own SourceDB and TargetDB databases to elevate privileges to sa (system administrator) via dbcc import_sproc SQL injection. | ||
| CVE-2013-7245 | Hig | 0.49 | 7.5 | 0.01 | Apr 24, 2018 | The Backup Server component in SAP Sybase ASE 15.7 before SP51 allows remote attackers to bypass access restrictions and perform database dumps by leveraging failure to validate credentials, aka SAP Security Note 1927859. | ||
| CVE-2017-5371 | Hig | 0.49 | 7.5 | 0.04 | Jan 23, 2017 | Odata Server in SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 16 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process crash) via a series of crafted requests, aka SAP Security Note 2330422. | ||
| CVE-2005-2297 | 0.09 | — | 0.74 | Jul 19, 2005 | Stack-based buffer overflow in TreeAction.do in Sybase EAServer 4.2.5 through 5.2 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via a large javascript parameter. | |||
| CVE-2011-2474 | 0.08 | — | 0.64 | Jun 9, 2011 | Directory traversal vulnerability in the HTTP Server in Sybase EAServer 6.3.1 Developer Edition allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a /.\../\../\ sequence in a path. | |||
| CVE-2013-6025 | 0.04 | — | 0.08 | Oct 19, 2013 | The XMLParse procedure in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.7 ESD 2 allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files via a SQL statement containing an XML document with an external entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference, related to an… | |||
| CVE-2008-0912 | 0.04 | — | 0.16 | Feb 22, 2008 | Multiple heap-based buffer overflows in mlsrv10.exe in Sybase MobiLink 10.0.1.3629 and earlier, as used by SQL Anywhere Developer Edition 10.0.1.3415 and probably other products, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via a… | |||
| CVE-2005-0441 | 0.01 | — | 0.09 | Dec 22, 2004 | Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 12.x before 12.5.3 ESD#1 allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via the (1) attrib_valid function, (2) covert function, (3) declare statement, or (4) a crafted query plan, or… | |||
| CVE-2002-2250 | 0.01 | — | 0.08 | Dec 31, 2002 | Multiple buffer overflows in Sybase Adaptive Server 12.0 and 12.5 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via (1) a long parameter to the xp_freedll extended stored procedure or (2) a long database name argument to the DBCC CHECKVERIFY function. | |||
| CVE-2014-6284 | 0.00 | — | 0.02 | Jun 8, 2015 | SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) before 15.7 SP132 and 16.0 before 16.0 SP01 allows remote attackers to bypass the challenge and response mechanism and obtain access to the probe account via a crafted response, aka SAP Security Note 2113995. | |||
| CVE-2015-1310 | 0.00 | — | 0.01 | Jan 22, 2015 | SQL injection vulnerability in SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (Sybase ASE) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors, aka SAP Note 2113333. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third… | |||
| CVE-2014-6283 | 0.00 | — | 0.01 | Oct 17, 2014 | SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.7 before SP122 or SP63, 15.5 before ESD#5.4, and 15.0.3 before ESD#4.4 does not properly restrict access, which allows remote authenticated database users to (1) overwrite the master encryption key or (2) trigger a buffer overflow via a… | |||
| CVE-2013-6868 | 0.00 | — | 0.01 | Nov 23, 2013 | SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.0.3 before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows local users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors. | |||
| CVE-2013-6867 | 0.00 | — | 0.02 | Nov 23, 2013 | Unspecified vulnerability in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via unspecified vectors. | |||
| CVE-2013-6866 | 0.00 | — | 0.03 | Nov 23, 2013 | SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, aka CR736689. | |||
| CVE-2013-6865 | 0.00 | — | 0.03 | Nov 23, 2013 | SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.0.3 before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, aka CR732989. | |||
| CVE-2013-6864 | 0.00 | — | 0.01 | Nov 23, 2013 | Directory traversal vulnerability in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.0.3 before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via… | |||
| CVE-2013-6863 | 0.00 | — | 0.02 | Nov 23, 2013 | SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.0.3 before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors. | |||
| CVE-2013-6862 | 0.00 | — | 0.01 | Nov 23, 2013 | Unspecified vulnerability in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via unspecified vectors. | |||
| CVE-2013-6861 | 0.00 | — | 0.00 | Nov 23, 2013 | Unspecified vulnerability in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.0.3 before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows local users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors. | |||
| CVE-2013-6860 | 0.00 | — | 0.01 | Nov 23, 2013 | Unspecified vulnerability in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors. | |||
| CVE-2013-6859 | 0.00 | — | 0.02 | Nov 23, 2013 | SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3. 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 does not properly perform authorization, which allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors. | |||
| CVE-2013-6245 | 0.00 | — | 0.05 | Oct 24, 2013 | Unspecified vulnerability in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3. 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors. | |||
| CVE-2012-4340 | 0.00 | — | 0.01 | Aug 15, 2012 | Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Sybase EAServer before 6.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors. | |||
| CVE-2011-5078 | 0.00 | — | 0.01 | Feb 8, 2012 | The web administration interface in the server in Sybase M-Business Anywhere 6.7 before ESD# 3 and 7.0 before ESD# 7 does not require admin authentication for unspecified scripts, which allows remote authenticated users to list or delete user accounts, modify passwords, or read… | |||
| CVE-2011-2475 | 0.00 | — | 0.04 | Jun 9, 2011 | Format string vulnerability in ECTrace.dll in the iMailGateway service in the Internet Mail Gateway in OneBridge Server and DMZ Proxy in Sybase OneBridge Mobile Data Suite 5.5 and 5.6 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in unspecified… | |||
| CVE-2011-0497 | 0.00 | — | 0.02 | Jan 20, 2011 | Directory traversal vulnerability in Sybase EAServer 6.x before 6.3 ESD#2, as used in Appeon, Replication Server Messaging Edition (RSME), and WorkSpace, allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via "../\" (dot dot forward-slash backslash) sequences in a crafted request. | |||
| CVE-2011-0496 | 0.00 | — | 0.05 | Jan 20, 2011 | Unspecified vulnerability in Sybase EAServer 5.x and 6.x before 6.3 ESD#2, as used in Appeon, Replication Server Messaging Edition (RSME), and WorkSpace, allows remote attackers to install arbitrary web services and execute arbitrary code, related to a "design vulnerability." | |||
| CVE-2006-3667 | 0.00 | — | 0.02 | Jul 18, 2006 | Unspecified vulnerability in Sybase/Financial Fusion Consumer Banking Suite versions before 20060706 has unknown impact and remote attack vectors. | |||
| CVE-2006-2539 | 0.00 | — | 0.00 | May 22, 2006 | Sybase EAServer 5.0 for HP-UX Itanium, 5.2 for IBM AIX, HP-UX PA-RISC, Linux x86, and Sun Solaris SPARC, and 5.3 for Sun Solaris SPARC does not properly protect passwords when they are being entered via the GUI, which allows local users to obtain the cleartext passwords via the… | |||
| CVE-2006-1997 | 0.00 | — | 0.00 | Apr 25, 2006 | Unspecified vulnerability in Sybase Pylon Anywhere groupware synchronization server before 7.0 allows local users to obtain sensitive information such as email and PIM data of another user via unknown attack vectors. | |||
| CVE-2006-1829 | 0.00 | — | 0.01 | Apr 19, 2006 | EAServer Manager in Sybase EAServer 5.2 and 5.3 allows remote authenticated users, possibly guests, to obtain password credentials of arbitrary users via unspecified vectors involving (1) connection caches, (2) open password prompts, and (3) stored custom connection profiles. | |||
| CVE-2005-0942 | 0.00 | — | 0.02 | May 2, 2005 | The XP Server process (xp_server) in Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) XP Server 12.x before 12.5.3 ESD#1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (process crash) via malformed data sent to the XP Server TCP port. | |||
| CVE-2003-0327 | 0.00 | — | 0.02 | Dec 15, 2003 | Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 12.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (hang) via a remote password array with an invalid length, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow. | |||
| CVE-2002-1861 | 0.00 | — | 0.02 | Dec 31, 2002 | Sybase Enterprise Application Server 4.0, when running on Windows, allows remote attackers to retrieve files in the WEB-INF directory, which contains Java class files and configuration information, via a request to the WEB-INF directory with a trailing dot ("WEB-INF."). | |||
| CVE-2001-0599 | 0.00 | — | 0.02 | Aug 2, 2001 | Sybase Adaptive Server Anywhere Database Engine 6.0.3.2747 and earlier as included with Symantec Ghost 6.5 allows a remote attacker to create a denial of service by sending large (> 45Kb) amounts of data to port 2638. | |||
| CVE-1999-0695 | 0.00 | — | 0.01 | Apr 11, 2000 | The Sybase PowerDynamo personal web server allows attackers to read arbitrary files through a .. (dot dot) attack. |
- risk 0.64cvss 9.8epss 0.01
SAP ASE 16.0 SP02 PL03 and prior versions allow attackers who own SourceDB and TargetDB databases to elevate privileges to sa (system administrator) via dbcc import_sproc SQL injection.
- risk 0.49cvss 7.5epss 0.01
The Backup Server component in SAP Sybase ASE 15.7 before SP51 allows remote attackers to bypass access restrictions and perform database dumps by leveraging failure to validate credentials, aka SAP Security Note 1927859.
- risk 0.49cvss 7.5epss 0.04
Odata Server in SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 16 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process crash) via a series of crafted requests, aka SAP Security Note 2330422.
- CVE-2005-2297Jul 19, 2005risk 0.09cvss —epss 0.74
Stack-based buffer overflow in TreeAction.do in Sybase EAServer 4.2.5 through 5.2 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via a large javascript parameter.
- CVE-2011-2474Jun 9, 2011risk 0.08cvss —epss 0.64
Directory traversal vulnerability in the HTTP Server in Sybase EAServer 6.3.1 Developer Edition allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a /.\../\../\ sequence in a path.
- CVE-2013-6025Oct 19, 2013risk 0.04cvss —epss 0.08
The XMLParse procedure in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.7 ESD 2 allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files via a SQL statement containing an XML document with an external entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference, related to an…
- CVE-2008-0912Feb 22, 2008risk 0.04cvss —epss 0.16
Multiple heap-based buffer overflows in mlsrv10.exe in Sybase MobiLink 10.0.1.3629 and earlier, as used by SQL Anywhere Developer Edition 10.0.1.3415 and probably other products, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via a…
- CVE-2005-0441Dec 22, 2004risk 0.01cvss —epss 0.09
Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 12.x before 12.5.3 ESD#1 allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via the (1) attrib_valid function, (2) covert function, (3) declare statement, or (4) a crafted query plan, or…
- CVE-2002-2250Dec 31, 2002risk 0.01cvss —epss 0.08
Multiple buffer overflows in Sybase Adaptive Server 12.0 and 12.5 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via (1) a long parameter to the xp_freedll extended stored procedure or (2) a long database name argument to the DBCC CHECKVERIFY function.
- CVE-2014-6284Jun 8, 2015risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.02
SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) before 15.7 SP132 and 16.0 before 16.0 SP01 allows remote attackers to bypass the challenge and response mechanism and obtain access to the probe account via a crafted response, aka SAP Security Note 2113995.
- CVE-2015-1310Jan 22, 2015risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.01
SQL injection vulnerability in SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (Sybase ASE) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors, aka SAP Note 2113333. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third…
- CVE-2014-6283Oct 17, 2014risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.01
SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.7 before SP122 or SP63, 15.5 before ESD#5.4, and 15.0.3 before ESD#4.4 does not properly restrict access, which allows remote authenticated database users to (1) overwrite the master encryption key or (2) trigger a buffer overflow via a…
- CVE-2013-6868Nov 23, 2013risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.01
SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.0.3 before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows local users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
- CVE-2013-6867Nov 23, 2013risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.02
Unspecified vulnerability in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via unspecified vectors.
- CVE-2013-6866Nov 23, 2013risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.03
SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, aka CR736689.
- CVE-2013-6865Nov 23, 2013risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.03
SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.0.3 before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, aka CR732989.
- CVE-2013-6864Nov 23, 2013risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.01
Directory traversal vulnerability in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.0.3 before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via…
- CVE-2013-6863Nov 23, 2013risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.02
SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.0.3 before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors.
- CVE-2013-6862Nov 23, 2013risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.01
Unspecified vulnerability in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via unspecified vectors.
- CVE-2013-6861Nov 23, 2013risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.00
Unspecified vulnerability in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 15.0.3 before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows local users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
- CVE-2013-6860Nov 23, 2013risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.01
Unspecified vulnerability in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3, 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors.
- CVE-2013-6859Nov 23, 2013risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.02
SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3. 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 does not properly perform authorization, which allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors.
- CVE-2013-6245Oct 24, 2013risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.05
Unspecified vulnerability in SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) before 15.0.3 ESD#4.3. 15.5 before 15.5 ESD#5.3, and 15.7 before 15.7 SP50 or 15.7 SP100 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
- CVE-2012-4340Aug 15, 2012risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.01
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Sybase EAServer before 6.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
- CVE-2011-5078Feb 8, 2012risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.01
The web administration interface in the server in Sybase M-Business Anywhere 6.7 before ESD# 3 and 7.0 before ESD# 7 does not require admin authentication for unspecified scripts, which allows remote authenticated users to list or delete user accounts, modify passwords, or read…
- CVE-2011-2475Jun 9, 2011risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.04
Format string vulnerability in ECTrace.dll in the iMailGateway service in the Internet Mail Gateway in OneBridge Server and DMZ Proxy in Sybase OneBridge Mobile Data Suite 5.5 and 5.6 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in unspecified…
- CVE-2011-0497Jan 20, 2011risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.02
Directory traversal vulnerability in Sybase EAServer 6.x before 6.3 ESD#2, as used in Appeon, Replication Server Messaging Edition (RSME), and WorkSpace, allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via "../\" (dot dot forward-slash backslash) sequences in a crafted request.
- CVE-2011-0496Jan 20, 2011risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.05
Unspecified vulnerability in Sybase EAServer 5.x and 6.x before 6.3 ESD#2, as used in Appeon, Replication Server Messaging Edition (RSME), and WorkSpace, allows remote attackers to install arbitrary web services and execute arbitrary code, related to a "design vulnerability."
- CVE-2006-3667Jul 18, 2006risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.02
Unspecified vulnerability in Sybase/Financial Fusion Consumer Banking Suite versions before 20060706 has unknown impact and remote attack vectors.
- CVE-2006-2539May 22, 2006risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.00
Sybase EAServer 5.0 for HP-UX Itanium, 5.2 for IBM AIX, HP-UX PA-RISC, Linux x86, and Sun Solaris SPARC, and 5.3 for Sun Solaris SPARC does not properly protect passwords when they are being entered via the GUI, which allows local users to obtain the cleartext passwords via the…
- CVE-2006-1997Apr 25, 2006risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.00
Unspecified vulnerability in Sybase Pylon Anywhere groupware synchronization server before 7.0 allows local users to obtain sensitive information such as email and PIM data of another user via unknown attack vectors.
- CVE-2006-1829Apr 19, 2006risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.01
EAServer Manager in Sybase EAServer 5.2 and 5.3 allows remote authenticated users, possibly guests, to obtain password credentials of arbitrary users via unspecified vectors involving (1) connection caches, (2) open password prompts, and (3) stored custom connection profiles.
- CVE-2005-0942May 2, 2005risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.02
The XP Server process (xp_server) in Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) XP Server 12.x before 12.5.3 ESD#1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (process crash) via malformed data sent to the XP Server TCP port.
- CVE-2003-0327Dec 15, 2003risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.02
Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) 12.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (hang) via a remote password array with an invalid length, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow.
- CVE-2002-1861Dec 31, 2002risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.02
Sybase Enterprise Application Server 4.0, when running on Windows, allows remote attackers to retrieve files in the WEB-INF directory, which contains Java class files and configuration information, via a request to the WEB-INF directory with a trailing dot ("WEB-INF.").
- CVE-2001-0599Aug 2, 2001risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.02
Sybase Adaptive Server Anywhere Database Engine 6.0.3.2747 and earlier as included with Symantec Ghost 6.5 allows a remote attacker to create a denial of service by sending large (> 45Kb) amounts of data to port 2638.
- CVE-1999-0695Apr 11, 2000risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.01
The Sybase PowerDynamo personal web server allows attackers to read arbitrary files through a .. (dot dot) attack.