Vendor CVEs
Arm Ltd
All CVEs
36 total · sorted by risk| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2024-4610 | Hig | 0.63 | 7.8 | 0.01 | KEV | Jun 7, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This issue affects Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver: from… | |
| CVE-2023-6143 | Hig | 0.55 | 8.4 | 0.00 | Mar 4, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Midgard GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to exploit a software race condition to perform improper… | ||
| CVE-2025-1246 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Jun 2, 2025 | Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Userspace Driver allows a non-privileged user process to perform valid GPU… | ||
| CVE-2025-0819 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Jun 2, 2025 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform valid GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed… | ||
| CVE-2025-0073 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Jun 2, 2025 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This issue affects Valhall… | ||
| CVE-2025-0427 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | May 2, 2025 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform valid GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed… | ||
| CVE-2025-0072 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | May 2, 2025 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory. This issue affects… | ||
| CVE-2025-0015 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Feb 3, 2025 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to make improper GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This issue affects Valhall GPU… | ||
| CVE-2024-3655 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Sep 3, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed… | ||
| CVE-2024-4607 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Aug 5, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed… | ||
| CVE-2024-2937 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Aug 5, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed… | ||
| CVE-2024-0153 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Jul 1, 2024 | Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Firmware, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Firmware allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU processing operations to access a limited amount outside… | ||
| CVE-2023-5643 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Feb 5, 2024 | Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations. Depending on the configuration of… | ||
| CVE-2023-32804 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Dec 4, 2023 | Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in Arm Ltd Midgard GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Userspace Driver allows a local non-privileged user to write a constant pattern to a… | ||
| CVE-2023-5427 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Dec 1, 2023 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This… | ||
| CVE-2023-4295 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Nov 7, 2023 | A local non-privileged user can make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory. | ||
| CVE-2023-3889 | Hig | 0.51 | 7.8 | 0.00 | Nov 7, 2023 | A local non-privileged user can make improper GPU memory processing operations. If the operations are carefully prepared, then they could be used to gain access to already freed memory. | ||
| CVE-2024-1067 | Hig | 0.48 | 7.4 | 0.00 | May 3, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations. On Armv8.0 cores, there are certain… | ||
| CVE-2023-4211 | Med | 0.48 | 5.5 | 0.01 | KEV | Oct 1, 2023 | A local non-privileged user can make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory. | |
| CVE-2023-6241 | Hig | 0.46 | 7.0 | 0.01 | Mar 4, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Midgard GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to exploit a software race condition to perform improper… | ||
| CVE-2023-5249 | Hig | 0.46 | 7.0 | 0.00 | Feb 5, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper memory processing operations to exploit a software race condition. If the system’s memory is carefully prepared by the user,… | ||
| CVE-2024-1395 | Med | 0.44 | 6.7 | 0.00 | May 3, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations. If the system’s memory is carefully prepared by the user, then this in turn could give them access to… | ||
| CVE-2024-0671 | Med | 0.44 | 6.8 | 0.00 | Apr 19, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Midgard GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to… | ||
| CVE-2024-6790 | Med | 0.40 | 6.1 | 0.00 | Feb 3, 2025 | Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop') vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a non-privileged user process to make valid GPU memory processing operations,… | ||
| CVE-2025-0050 | Med | 0.38 | 5.9 | 0.00 | Apr 7, 2025 | Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Userspace Driver allows a non-privileged user process to make valid GPU… | ||
| CVE-2024-1065 | Med | 0.38 | 5.9 | 0.00 | Apr 19, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed… | ||
| CVE-2023-5091 | Med | 0.36 | 5.5 | 0.00 | Jan 8, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed memory. This issue affects Valhall GPU Kernel Driver: from r37p0 through r40p0. | ||
| CVE-2023-4272 | Med | 0.36 | 5.5 | 0.00 | Nov 7, 2023 | A local non-privileged user can make GPU processing operations that expose sensitive data from previously freed memory. | ||
| CVE-2023-6363 | Med | 0.33 | 5.1 | 0.00 | May 3, 2024 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations. If the system’s memory is carefully prepared by the user, then this in… | ||
| CVE-2023-34970 | Med | 0.31 | 4.7 | 0.00 | Oct 3, 2023 | A local non-privileged user can make improper GPU processing operations to access a limited amount outside of buffer bounds or to exploit a software race condition. If the system’s memory is carefully prepared by the user, then this in turn could give them access to already… | ||
| CVE-2023-33200 | Med | 0.31 | 4.7 | 0.00 | Oct 3, 2023 | A local non-privileged user can make improper GPU processing operations to exploit a software race condition. If the system’s memory is carefully prepared by the user, then this in turn could give them access to already freed memory. | ||
| CVE-2025-6349 | 0.00 | — | 0.00 | Dec 1, 2025 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This issue affects Valhall… | |||
| CVE-2025-8045 | 0.00 | — | 0.00 | Dec 1, 2025 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform improper GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This issue affects Valhall GPU… | |||
| CVE-2025-2879 | 0.00 | — | 0.00 | Dec 1, 2025 | Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform improper GPU processing operations to expose sensitive… | |||
| CVE-2025-3212 | 0.00 | — | 0.00 | Sep 8, 2025 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform valid GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed… | |||
| CVE-2025-0932 | 0.00 | — | 0.00 | Aug 4, 2025 | Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Userspace Driver allows a non-privileged user process to perform valid GPU processing operations, including via WebGL or WebGPU, to… |
- risk 0.63cvss 7.8epss 0.01
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This issue affects Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver: from…
- risk 0.55cvss 8.4epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Midgard GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to exploit a software race condition to perform improper…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Userspace Driver allows a non-privileged user process to perform valid GPU…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform valid GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This issue affects Valhall…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform valid GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory. This issue affects…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to make improper GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This issue affects Valhall GPU…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Firmware, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Firmware allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU processing operations to access a limited amount outside…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations. Depending on the configuration of…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in Arm Ltd Midgard GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Userspace Driver allows a local non-privileged user to write a constant pattern to a…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This…
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
A local non-privileged user can make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.
- risk 0.51cvss 7.8epss 0.00
A local non-privileged user can make improper GPU memory processing operations. If the operations are carefully prepared, then they could be used to gain access to already freed memory.
- risk 0.48cvss 7.4epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations. On Armv8.0 cores, there are certain…
- risk 0.48cvss 5.5epss 0.01
A local non-privileged user can make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.
- risk 0.46cvss 7.0epss 0.01
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Midgard GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to exploit a software race condition to perform improper…
- risk 0.46cvss 7.0epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper memory processing operations to exploit a software race condition. If the system’s memory is carefully prepared by the user,…
- risk 0.44cvss 6.7epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations. If the system’s memory is carefully prepared by the user, then this in turn could give them access to…
- risk 0.44cvss 6.8epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Midgard GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to…
- risk 0.40cvss 6.1epss 0.00
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop') vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a non-privileged user process to make valid GPU memory processing operations,…
- risk 0.38cvss 5.9epss 0.00
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Userspace Driver allows a non-privileged user process to make valid GPU…
- risk 0.38cvss 5.9epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed…
- risk 0.36cvss 5.5epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed memory. This issue affects Valhall GPU Kernel Driver: from r37p0 through r40p0.
- risk 0.36cvss 5.5epss 0.00
A local non-privileged user can make GPU processing operations that expose sensitive data from previously freed memory.
- risk 0.33cvss 5.1epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations. If the system’s memory is carefully prepared by the user, then this in…
- risk 0.31cvss 4.7epss 0.00
A local non-privileged user can make improper GPU processing operations to access a limited amount outside of buffer bounds or to exploit a software race condition. If the system’s memory is carefully prepared by the user, then this in turn could give them access to already…
- risk 0.31cvss 4.7epss 0.00
A local non-privileged user can make improper GPU processing operations to exploit a software race condition. If the system’s memory is carefully prepared by the user, then this in turn could give them access to already freed memory.
- CVE-2025-6349Dec 1, 2025risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This issue affects Valhall…
- CVE-2025-8045Dec 1, 2025risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform improper GPU processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This issue affects Valhall GPU…
- CVE-2025-2879Dec 1, 2025risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.00
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform improper GPU processing operations to expose sensitive…
- CVE-2025-3212Sep 8, 2025risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user process to perform valid GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed…
- CVE-2025-0932Aug 4, 2025risk 0.00cvss —epss 0.00
Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Userspace Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Userspace Driver allows a non-privileged user process to perform valid GPU processing operations, including via WebGL or WebGPU, to…