CWE-308
Use of Single-factor Authentication
Description
The product uses an authentication algorithm that uses a single factor (e.g., a password) in a security context that should require more than one factor.
Hierarchy (View 1000)
Related attack patterns (CAPEC)
CAPEC-16 · CAPEC-49 · CAPEC-509 · CAPEC-55 · CAPEC-555 · CAPEC-560 · CAPEC-561 · CAPEC-565 · CAPEC-600 · CAPEC-644 · CAPEC-645 · CAPEC-652 · CAPEC-653 · CAPEC-70
CVEs mapped to this weakness (14)
| CVE | Vendor / Product | Sev | Risk | CVSS | EPSS | KEV | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-64103 | Cri | 0.57 | 9.8 | 0.00 | Oct 29, 2025 | Starting from 2.53.6, 2.54.3, and 2.55.0, Zitadel only required multi factor authentication in case the login policy has either enabled requireMFA or requireMFAForLocalUsers. If a user has set up MFA without this requirement, Zitadel would consider single factor auhtenticated… | ||
| CVE-2026-45749 | Hig | 0.53 | 8.1 | 0.00 | Jun 5, 2026 | Termix is a web-based server management platform with SSH terminal, tunneling, and file editing capabilities. The `POST /users/totp/disable` and `POST /users/totp/backup-codes` endpoints in Termix prior to version 2.3.2 accept the account password as a sole authentication factor… | ||
| CVE-2025-42959 | Hig | 0.53 | 8.1 | 0.00 | Jul 8, 2025 | An unauthenticated attacker may exploit a scenario where a Hashed Message Authentication Code (HMAC) credential, extracted from a system missing specific security patches, is reused in a replay attack against a different system. Even if the target system is fully patched,… | ||
| CVE-2024-47652 | Hig | 0.53 | 8.1 | 0.00 | Oct 4, 2024 | This vulnerability exists in Shilpi Client Dashboard due to implementation of inadequate authentication mechanism in the login module wherein access to any users account is granted with just their corresponding mobile number. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by… | ||
| CVE-2023-49075 | Hig | 0.48 | 8.4 | 0.01 | Nov 28, 2023 | The Admin Classic Bundle provides a Backend UI for Pimcore. `AdminBundle\Security\PimcoreUserTwoFactorCondition` introduced in v11 disable the two factor authentication for all non-admin security firewalls. An authenticated user can access the system without having to provide… | ||
| CVE-2024-27928 | Med | 0.38 | — | 0.00 | Jun 17, 2026 | vantage6 is an open-source infrastructure for privacy preserving analysis. Prior to version 5.0.0, if an attacker hacks into a vantage6 user's email account, they can 1) reset the password via email and then 2) reset the 2FA token via email. This way they reduce 2FA to 1FA… | ||
| CVE-2023-25681 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.01 | Mar 5, 2024 | LDAP users on IBM Spectrum Virtualize 8.5 which are configured to require multifactor authentication can still authenticate to the CIM interface using only username and password. This does not affect local users with MFA configured or remote users authenticating via single… | ||
| CVE-2023-50934 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.00 | Feb 2, 2024 | IBM PowerSC 1.3, 2.0, and 2.1 uses single-factor authentication which can lead to unnecessary risk of compromise when compared with the benefits of a dual-factor authentication scheme. IBM X-Force ID: 275114. | ||
| CVE-2023-34228 | Med | 0.34 | 5.3 | 0.00 | May 31, 2023 | In JetBrains TeamCity before 2023.05 authentication checks were missing – 2FA was not checked for some sensitive account actions | ||
| CVE-2024-50618 | Med | 0.28 | 4.3 | 0.00 | Feb 11, 2026 | A Use of Single-factor Authentication vulnerability in the Authentication component of CIPPlanner CIPAce before 9.17 allows attackers to bypass a protection mechanism. When the system is configured to allow login with internal accounts, an attacker can possibly obtain full… | ||
| CVE-2026-56022 | Med | 0.27 | 5.3 | 0.01 | Jun 18, 2026 | Webmin accepts basic authentication without session cookies when an attacker provides the 'User-Agent: webmin' header, allowing bypass of additional MFA requirements. Fixed in 2.640. | ||
| CVE-2026-33550 | Low | 0.06 | 2.0 | 0.00 | Mar 22, 2026 | SOGo before 5.12.5 does not renew the OTP if a user disables/enables it, and has a too short length (only 12 digits instead of the 20 recommended). | ||
| CVE-2026-67611 | Hig | 0.00 | 8.1 | 0.00 | Aug 3, 2026 | OpenEMR through 8.2.0 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows attackers with valid credentials to circumvent multi-factor authentication by exploiting the exposed OAuth2 password grant flow through an unauthenticated client registration endpoint. Attackers… | ||
| CVE-2026-15616 | Cri | 0.00 | 9.1 | 0.00 | Jul 23, 2026 | Logto does not enforce locally configured MFA during SSO authentication, allowing users to bypass second-factor requirements and grants unauthorized access. |
- risk 0.57cvss 9.8epss 0.00
Starting from 2.53.6, 2.54.3, and 2.55.0, Zitadel only required multi factor authentication in case the login policy has either enabled requireMFA or requireMFAForLocalUsers. If a user has set up MFA without this requirement, Zitadel would consider single factor auhtenticated…
- risk 0.53cvss 8.1epss 0.00
Termix is a web-based server management platform with SSH terminal, tunneling, and file editing capabilities. The `POST /users/totp/disable` and `POST /users/totp/backup-codes` endpoints in Termix prior to version 2.3.2 accept the account password as a sole authentication factor…
- risk 0.53cvss 8.1epss 0.00
An unauthenticated attacker may exploit a scenario where a Hashed Message Authentication Code (HMAC) credential, extracted from a system missing specific security patches, is reused in a replay attack against a different system. Even if the target system is fully patched,…
- risk 0.53cvss 8.1epss 0.00
This vulnerability exists in Shilpi Client Dashboard due to implementation of inadequate authentication mechanism in the login module wherein access to any users account is granted with just their corresponding mobile number. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by…
- risk 0.48cvss 8.4epss 0.01
The Admin Classic Bundle provides a Backend UI for Pimcore. `AdminBundle\Security\PimcoreUserTwoFactorCondition` introduced in v11 disable the two factor authentication for all non-admin security firewalls. An authenticated user can access the system without having to provide…
- risk 0.38cvss —epss 0.00
vantage6 is an open-source infrastructure for privacy preserving analysis. Prior to version 5.0.0, if an attacker hacks into a vantage6 user's email account, they can 1) reset the password via email and then 2) reset the 2FA token via email. This way they reduce 2FA to 1FA…
- risk 0.34cvss 5.3epss 0.01
LDAP users on IBM Spectrum Virtualize 8.5 which are configured to require multifactor authentication can still authenticate to the CIM interface using only username and password. This does not affect local users with MFA configured or remote users authenticating via single…
- risk 0.34cvss 5.3epss 0.00
IBM PowerSC 1.3, 2.0, and 2.1 uses single-factor authentication which can lead to unnecessary risk of compromise when compared with the benefits of a dual-factor authentication scheme. IBM X-Force ID: 275114.
- risk 0.34cvss 5.3epss 0.00
In JetBrains TeamCity before 2023.05 authentication checks were missing – 2FA was not checked for some sensitive account actions
- risk 0.28cvss 4.3epss 0.00
A Use of Single-factor Authentication vulnerability in the Authentication component of CIPPlanner CIPAce before 9.17 allows attackers to bypass a protection mechanism. When the system is configured to allow login with internal accounts, an attacker can possibly obtain full…
- risk 0.27cvss 5.3epss 0.01
Webmin accepts basic authentication without session cookies when an attacker provides the 'User-Agent: webmin' header, allowing bypass of additional MFA requirements. Fixed in 2.640.
- risk 0.06cvss 2.0epss 0.00
SOGo before 5.12.5 does not renew the OTP if a user disables/enables it, and has a too short length (only 12 digits instead of the 20 recommended).
- risk 0.00cvss 8.1epss 0.00
OpenEMR through 8.2.0 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows attackers with valid credentials to circumvent multi-factor authentication by exploiting the exposed OAuth2 password grant flow through an unauthenticated client registration endpoint. Attackers…
- risk 0.00cvss 9.1epss 0.00
Logto does not enforce locally configured MFA during SSO authentication, allowing users to bypass second-factor requirements and grants unauthorized access.