@hulumi/policies bypasses IAM-role policy checks when the role trusts multiple OIDC providers

@@ -203,8 +203,18 @@ Then set a repository **secret**:
 | `PULUMI_BACKEND_URL` | `s3://hulumi-pulumi-state-<account-id>?region=us-east-1` |
 
 The workflow refuses state bucket names that do not start with
-`hulumi-` and end with the sandbox account ID. That prevents accidentally
-pointing an open-source CI run at a production or shared state bucket.
+`hulumi-` and end with the sandbox account ID. That name-shape check is a
+first-line guard against an obvious typo pointing CI at a differently
+named bucket — it is **not** an ownership control. A bucket name is not a
+trust boundary: any AWS account can pre-create a bucket whose name embeds
+our account ID. Ownership is enforced separately and authoritatively: the
+weekly-integration and e2e-cleanup workflows resolve the bucket's
+canonical owner (`aws s3api get-bucket-acl … Owner.ID`) and pass
+`--expected-bucket-owner <sandbox-account-id>` on every `s3api` call that
+touches the state bucket, failing the job closed before any state I/O,
+bucket hardening, or `pulumi destroy` if the owner is not the sandbox
+account. That prevents pointing an open-source CI run at a production,
+shared, or attacker-controlled state bucket.
 The backend bucket is not part of the stacks under test, so normal
 `pulumi destroy` runs do not delete it or its versioned state objects.
 Treat backend retention and lifecycle expiration as an explicit sandbox

@@ -80,13 +80,17 @@ curious readers:
 
 ## Failed-run cleanup
 
-If a real-AWS run fails during teardown, use the maintainer-only
+If a real-AWS run fails during teardown, use the
 [`e2e-cleanup`](../.github/workflows/e2e-cleanup.yml) workflow instead
-of ad hoc console deletion. Pass the 10-character suffix from the failed
-stack name (`sandbox-<suffix>`). The cleanup script selects that Pulumi
-stack from the private backend, drains only S3 buckets whose physical
-name starts with `af-e2e-<suffix>-`, then runs `pulumi destroy` and
-`removeStack`.
+of ad hoc console deletion. It is destructive (drains S3 + `pulumi
+destroy` + `removeStack`) so it is gated behind the protected
+`e2e-cleanup` GitHub Environment (required reviewers) and only runs on
+`refs/heads/main`; it also verifies the state bucket is owned by the
+sandbox account before destroying anything. Pass the 10-character suffix
+from the failed stack name (`sandbox-<suffix>`). The cleanup script
+selects that Pulumi stack from the private backend, drains only S3
+buckets whose physical name starts with `af-e2e-<suffix>-`, then runs
+`pulumi destroy` and `removeStack`.
 
 The cleanup path is intentionally Pulumi-state driven. `@hulumi/drift`
 is useful for classifying drift, but it is not a deletion engine and its

@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ jobs:
     name: reconciler plan
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 15
+    # The plan role is read-only, but workflow_dispatch is fired with
+    # the actor's permissions and the job still consumes OIDC against
+    # the sandbox account. Gate behind a low-friction protected
+    # environment so the linter's WF_ENV_1 invariant holds without
+    # changing the read-only blast radius. (Maintainer must configure
+    # `aws-reconciler-plan` in repo settings — see PR body.)
+    environment: aws-reconciler-plan
     outputs:
       suffix: ${{ steps.env.outputs.suffix }}
       resource_prefix_hash: ${{ steps.env.outputs.resource_prefix_hash }}

@@ -21,6 +21,14 @@ jobs:
     name: cleanup AccountFoundation e2e stack
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 15
+    # Destructive: assumes the sandbox OIDC role, drains S3, runs
+    # `pulumi destroy`, and removes the stack. Gated behind a protected
+    # GitHub Environment with required reviewers (maintainer must
+    # configure `e2e-cleanup` with required reviewers — see PR body).
+    # `if:` is defense-in-depth so a non-main ref can never trigger it
+    # even before the environment review is reached.
+    environment: e2e-cleanup
+    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6
 
@@ -116,6 +124,45 @@ jobs:
           aws-region: ${{ steps.env.outputs.region }}
           role-session-name: hulumi-e2e-cleanup
 
+      - name: Verify state bucket is owned by the sandbox account
+        env:
+          PULUMI_BACKEND_URL: ${{ secrets.PULUMI_BACKEND_URL }}
+          AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID }}
+        run: |
+          # The name-shape check in the validation step (hulumi- prefix +
+          # account-id suffix) does not prove ownership. Before this
+          # workflow drains S3 and runs `pulumi destroy`, resolve the
+          # canonical bucket owner and fail closed unless it is the
+          # sandbox account. Pulumi-Cloud-token mode has no bucket — skip.
+          : "${AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID:?AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID secret not set}"
+          if [ -z "${PULUMI_BACKEND_URL:-}" ]; then
+            echo "No S3 backend URL — Pulumi Cloud token mode, no bucket to verify."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          BUCKET="$(node -e 'process.stdout.write(new URL(process.env.PULUMI_BACKEND_URL).hostname)')"
+          echo "::add-mask::$BUCKET"
+          if [ -z "$BUCKET" ]; then
+            echo "::error::Could not resolve state bucket from PULUMI_BACKEND_URL."
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          if aws s3api head-bucket \
+            --bucket "$BUCKET" \
+            --expected-bucket-owner "$AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            OWNER_ID="$(aws s3api get-bucket-acl \
+              --bucket "$BUCKET" \
+              --expected-bucket-owner "$AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID" \
+              --query 'Owner.ID' --output text)"
+            CANONICAL_ID="$(aws s3api list-buckets --query 'Owner.ID' --output text)"
+            if [ -z "$OWNER_ID" ] || [ "$OWNER_ID" != "$CANONICAL_ID" ]; then
+              echo "::error::State bucket owner does not match the sandbox account canonical user. Refusing to destroy."
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            echo "State bucket ownership verified against the sandbox account."
+          else
+            echo "::error::State bucket is missing or not owned by the sandbox account. Refusing to destroy."
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
       - name: Build cleanup dependencies
         run: pnpm --filter @hulumi/drift build
 

@@ -39,6 +39,13 @@ jobs:
     name: account-foundation integration (real AWS)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 30
+    # Scheduled runs do not need an environment review (no actor), but
+    # the workflow_dispatch path is fired with the dispatching actor's
+    # permissions and consumes OIDC against the sandbox account. Gate
+    # behind a protected environment so any manual dispatch must clear
+    # required reviewers. (Maintainer must configure
+    # `aws-weekly-integration` in repo settings — see PR body.)
+    environment: aws-weekly-integration
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       # AccountFoundation touches account-wide services such as Config,
@@ -153,12 +160,53 @@ jobs:
           aws-region: ${{ vars.AWS_SANDBOX_REGION }}
           role-session-name: hulumi-weekly-integration-${{ matrix.tier }}
 
+      - name: Verify state bucket is owned by the sandbox account
+        if: steps.env.outputs.backend_mode == 's3'
+        env:
+          STATE_BUCKET: ${{ steps.env.outputs.state_bucket }}
+          AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID }}
+        run: |
+          # Name-shape checks (hulumi- prefix + account-id suffix) do not
+          # prove ownership: an attacker can pre-create a bucket whose
+          # name embeds our account ID in another AWS account. Resolve
+          # the canonical owner and fail closed on mismatch BEFORE any
+          # state I/O or bucket hardening writes. The `s3api` calls below
+          # additionally pass --expected-bucket-owner as defense in depth.
+          : "${AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID:?AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID secret not set}"
+          if aws s3api head-bucket \
+            --bucket "$STATE_BUCKET" \
+            --expected-bucket-owner "$AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            OWNER_ID="$(aws s3api get-bucket-acl \
+              --bucket "$STATE_BUCKET" \
+              --expected-bucket-owner "$AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID" \
+              --query 'Owner.ID' --output text)"
+            CANONICAL_ID="$(aws s3api list-buckets \
+              --query 'Owner.ID' --output text)"
+            if [ -z "$OWNER_ID" ] || [ "$OWNER_ID" != "$CANONICAL_ID" ]; then
+              echo "::error::State bucket owner does not match the sandbox account canonical user. Refusing to touch it."
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            echo "State bucket ownership verified against the sandbox account."
+          else
+            # head-bucket failed under --expected-bucket-owner: either the
+            # bucket does not exist yet (we will create it below, owned by
+            # this account) or it exists but is NOT owned by the sandbox
+            # account (403). Distinguish the two — fail closed on 403.
+            if aws s3api head-bucket --bucket "$STATE_BUCKET" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+              echo "::error::State bucket exists but is not owned by the sandbox account. Refusing to touch it."
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            echo "State bucket does not exist yet — it will be created in this account by the hardening step."
+          fi
+
       - name: Ensure S3 Pulumi state backend is hardened
         if: steps.env.outputs.backend_mode == 's3'
         env:
           STATE_BUCKET: ${{ steps.env.outputs.state_bucket }}
           STATE_REGION: ${{ steps.env.outputs.state_region }}
+          AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID }}
         run: |
+          : "${AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID:?AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID secret not set}"
           if ! aws s3api head-bucket --bucket "$STATE_BUCKET" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
             if [ "$STATE_REGION" = "us-east-1" ]; then
               aws s3api create-bucket --bucket "$STATE_BUCKET" --region "$STATE_REGION"
@@ -172,15 +220,18 @@ jobs:
 
           aws s3api put-public-access-block \
             --bucket "$STATE_BUCKET" \
+            --expected-bucket-owner "$AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID" \
             --public-access-block-configuration \
               BlockPublicAcls=true,IgnorePublicAcls=true,BlockPublicPolicy=true,RestrictPublicBuckets=true
 
           aws s3api put-bucket-versioning \
             --bucket "$STATE_BUCKET" \
+            --expected-bucket-owner "$AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID" \
             --versioning-configuration Status=Enabled
 
           aws s3api put-bucket-encryption \
             --bucket "$STATE_BUCKET" \
+            --expected-bucket-owner "$AWS_SANDBOX_ACCOUNT_ID" \
             --server-side-encryption-configuration \
               '{"Rules":[{"ApplyServerSideEncryptionByDefault":{"SSEAlgorithm":"AES256"},"BucketKeyEnabled":true}]}'
 

@@ -4,6 +4,24 @@
 // Startup-Hardened: enables S3Protection + MalwareProtection +
 // RuntimeMonitoring + RDSProtection + EKSAuditLogs as separate
 // `aws.guardduty.DetectorFeature` resources (the modern API).
+//
+// Reuse path posture assertion (M-DETECTIVEREUSE):
+// when `existingDetectorId` is supplied we import the detector via
+// `Detector.get`, then call `aws.guardduty.getDetectorOutput` to
+// observe its current posture. A `.apply` throws if the detector is
+// not ENABLED + FIFTEEN_MINUTES so the deployment fails rather than
+// silently inheriting a suspended / SIX_HOURS / non-Hulumi detector.
+//
+// The verified Output is exposed on the returned `Detector` resource
+// as a non-enumerable `__hulumiVerifiedDetectorId` property and is
+// consumed by `securityhub.ts` (which is the next baseline component
+// AccountFoundation composes after GuardDuty). Threading the
+// verification through ONE downstream consumer is intentional: it
+// keeps the deployment-abort contract intact (Pulumi engine refuses
+// to register the CIS standards subscription if verification fails)
+// while minimising the fan-out of rejected-output observers that
+// would otherwise emit spurious `unhandledRejection` events in the
+// vitest mock runtime.
 
 import * as pulumi from "@pulumi/pulumi";
 import * as aws from "@pulumi/aws";
@@ -18,6 +36,9 @@ export const GUARDDUTY_HARDENED_FEATURES = [
   "RUNTIME_MONITORING",
 ] as const;
 
+export const GUARDDUTY_REQUIRED_STATUS = "ENABLED";
+export const GUARDDUTY_REQUIRED_FREQUENCY = "FIFTEEN_MINUTES";
+
 export interface GuardDutyHelperArgs {
   tier: Tier;
   parent: pulumi.Resource;
@@ -31,6 +52,15 @@ export interface GuardDutyHelperResult {
   features: aws.guardduty.DetectorFeature[];
 }
 
+/**
+ * Non-enumerable property stashed on a reused `Detector` resource to
+ * carry the posture-verified id. Consumed by `securityhub.ts` to gate
+ * the standards-subscription registration on the assertion succeeding.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export const VERIFIED_DETECTOR_ID_KEY = "__hulumiVerifiedDetectorId" as const;
+
 export function createGuardDuty(args: GuardDutyHelperArgs): GuardDutyHelperResult {
   const parent = { parent: args.parent } as const;
 
@@ -56,6 +86,55 @@ export function createGuardDuty(args: GuardDutyHelperArgs): GuardDutyHelperResul
           parent,
         );
 
+  if (args.existingDetectorId !== undefined) {
+    // Posture assertion for the reuse path. `Detector.get` only verifies
+    // EXISTENCE; AWS happily returns a SUSPENDED detector or one publishing
+    // every SIX_HOURS. We invoke the read-only `getDetector` data source
+    // and produce a `verifiedId` Output that throws via `.apply` if the
+    // posture is non-compliant.
+    //
+    // Critical: build `verifiedId` from `pulumi.output(args.existingDetectorId)`
+    // — NOT from `detector.id`. Pulumi's invoke path `await`s every
+    // CustomResource dependency's `id.isKnown`, so threading the
+    // invoke's own result back into `detector.id` would deadlock.
+    // Reading the id from the user-supplied Input breaks any cycle —
+    // the existingDetectorId is what we want to validate anyway.
+    //
+    // We stash `verifiedId` on the returned `Detector` resource via a
+    // non-enumerable property (so it does not interfere with Pulumi's
+    // resource serialization). `securityhub.ts` reads it and folds it
+    // into the standards-subscription input chain, which gates the
+    // deployment behind the assertion without fanning the rejected
+    // output across every component output.
+    const sourceId: pulumi.Output<string> = pulumi.output(args.existingDetectorId);
+    const posture = aws.guardduty.getDetectorOutput({ id: sourceId }, { parent: args.parent });
+    const verifiedId: pulumi.Output<string> = pulumi
+      .all([sourceId, posture.status, posture.findingPublishingFrequency])
+      .apply(([id, status, frequency]) => {
+        if (status !== GUARDDUTY_REQUIRED_STATUS) {
+          throw new Error(
+            `AccountFoundation: reused GuardDuty detector ${id} has status="${status}"; ` +
+              `Hulumi baseline requires status="${GUARDDUTY_REQUIRED_STATUS}". ` +
+              `Re-enable the detector or omit existingGuardDutyDetectorId so Hulumi can create a baseline-compliant detector.`,
+          );
+        }
+        if (frequency !== GUARDDUTY_REQUIRED_FREQUENCY) {
+          throw new Error(
+            `AccountFoundation: reused GuardDuty detector ${id} has findingPublishingFrequency="${frequency}"; ` +
+              `Hulumi baseline requires findingPublishingFrequency="${GUARDDUTY_REQUIRED_FREQUENCY}". ` +
+              `Update the detector's finding publishing frequency to FIFTEEN_MINUTES or omit existingGuardDutyDetectorId.`,
+          );
+        }
+        return id;
+      });
+    Object.defineProperty(detector, VERIFIED_DETECTOR_ID_KEY, {
+      value: verifiedId,
+      enumerable: false,
+      writable: false,
+      configurable: false,
+    });
+  }
+
   const features: aws.guardduty.DetectorFeature[] = [];
   if (args.tier === "startup-hardened") {
     for (const feature of GUARDDUTY_HARDENED_FEATURES) {

@@ -61,6 +61,26 @@ export class SecureBucket extends pulumi.ComponentResource implements SecureBuck
       throw new Error("Startup-Hardened requires logBucketArn; see docs/tiers.md");
     }
 
+    // This bucket genuinely backs CloudTrail and/or AWS Config delivery —
+    // it is an audit-record sink, not an arbitrary data bucket. Its
+    // tamper-resistance is keyed off this declared FUNCTION, independent of
+    // the parent tier, so the invariant holds at one chokepoint.
+    const backsAuditDelivery =
+      args.awsServiceLogDelivery?.cloudTrail === true ||
+      args.awsServiceLogDelivery?.config === true;
+
+    // M-FORCEDESTROY block: a Startup-Hardened bucket that backs the audit
+    // trail must never be silently tear-down-able. forceDestroy stays fully
+    // usable for non-audit buckets and for sandbox-tier ephemeral e2e
+    // stacks (which legitimately `pulumi destroy`).
+    if (backsAuditDelivery && args.forceDestroy === true && args.tier === "startup-hardened") {
+      throw new Error(
+        "Startup-Hardened audit-delivery bucket (CloudTrail/Config) must not set " +
+          "forceDestroy: destroying it would erase tamper-evident audit records; " +
+          "see docs/tiers.md",
+      );
+    }
+
     // Object Lock is the Startup-Hardened default, but a consumer may
     // opt out with `objectLock: false` — e.g. the AWS Config / CloudTrail
     // delivery bucket, whose delivery validation is incompatible with
@@ -232,6 +252,41 @@ export class SecureBucket extends pulumi.ComponentResource implements SecureBuck
               );
             }
 
+            // Retention floor WITHOUT bucket-wide Object Lock. AWS Config's
+            // PutDeliveryChannel write-then-delete probe writes/deletes a
+            // single key (AWSLogs/<acct>/Config/ConfigWritabilityCheckFile),
+            // so a bucket-wide Object Lock default retention breaks Config
+            // (InsufficientDeliveryPolicyException) — which is why this
+            // bucket sets objectLock:false. Instead, a scoped deny makes the
+            // delivered audit records tamper-resistant while deliberately
+            // EXCLUDING the writability-check key (the deny targets only the
+            // CloudTrail log prefix and the Config ConfigHistory/
+            // ConfigSnapshot prefixes — never the Config delivery prefix at
+            // large, and never the probe key — so Config's probe still
+            // round-trips).
+            if (backsAuditDelivery && args.tier === "startup-hardened") {
+              const protectedPrefixes: string[] = [];
+              if (args.awsServiceLogDelivery?.cloudTrail === true) {
+                protectedPrefixes.push(`${arn}/AWSLogs/${accountId}/CloudTrail/*`);
+              }
+              if (args.awsServiceLogDelivery?.config === true) {
+                protectedPrefixes.push(
+                  `${arn}/AWSLogs/${accountId}/Config/ConfigHistory/*`,
+                  `${arn}/AWSLogs/${accountId}/Config/ConfigSnapshot/*`,
+                );
+              }
+              statements.push({
+                Sid: "DenyAuditLogTampering",
+                Effect: "Deny",
+                Principal: "*",
+                Action: ["s3:DeleteObject", "s3:DeleteObjectVersion", "s3:PutBucketVersioning"],
+                // The bucket ARN guards s3:PutBucketVersioning (which acts
+                // on the bucket, not an object); the prefixes guard the
+                // delete actions on the delivered audit objects.
+                Resource: [arn, ...protectedPrefixes],
+              });
+            }
+
             return JSON.stringify({
               Version: "2012-10-17",
               Statement: statements,
@@ -260,6 +315,9 @@ export class SecureBucket extends pulumi.ComponentResource implements SecureBuck
       );
     }
 
+    // BucketLogging stays tier-gated: server-access logging needs a
+    // pre-existing external target bucket, which the sandbox smoke path
+    // deliberately does not provision.
     if (args.tier === "startup-hardened") {
       new aws.s3.BucketLogging(
         `${name}-logging`,
@@ -270,7 +328,15 @@ export class SecureBucket extends pulumi.ComponentResource implements SecureBuck
         },
         childOptions(LEGACY_BUCKET_LOGGING_V2_TYPE),
       );
+    }
 
+    // The CloudTrail-Lake EventDataStore has no external-target dependency,
+    // so it is keyed off the bucket's audit FUNCTION rather than the tier.
+    // This restores immutable audit capture for the sandbox
+    // AccountFoundation internal log bucket. Startup-Hardened with a
+    // logBucketArn but no audit-delivery role keeps the historical
+    // behaviour (EventDataStore emitted) for back-compat.
+    if (backsAuditDelivery || args.tier === "startup-hardened") {
       new aws.cloudtrail.EventDataStore(
         `${name}-data-events`,
         {

@@ -14,11 +14,25 @@
 // CreateDetector API resolves only after status === ENABLED, so the
 // dependsOn chain provides equivalent ordering for real deployments.
 // Documented in docs/slo/lessons/hulumi-m3.md.
+//
+// Reuse-destroy safety (M-DETECTIVEREUSE):
+// When `useExistingAccount === true` we IMPORT the account-wide Security
+// Hub via `Account.get` — destroying the stack does not disable the hub.
+// But the CIS + NIST `StandardsSubscription` resources we register are
+// net-new and their default destroy behaviour calls
+// BatchDisableStandards account-wide. That would silently down-grade
+// the reused account's monitoring posture on `pulumi destroy`. The fix
+// is `retainOnDelete: true` on the subscription resources for the
+// reuse path: destroy leaves the standards subscribed for whoever
+// originally owned the account, while net-new deploys retain the
+// original delete-and-unsubscribe semantics (Hulumi owns the lifecycle
+// end-to-end, so destroy correctly cleans up everything it created).
 
 import * as pulumi from "@pulumi/pulumi";
 import * as aws from "@pulumi/aws";
 
 import type { Tier } from "./tier";
+import { VERIFIED_DETECTOR_ID_KEY } from "./guardduty";
 
 export const CIS_V5_STANDARD_ARN_PARTIAL = "standards/cis-aws-foundations-benchmark/v/5.0.0";
 export const NIST_800_53_R5_STANDARD_ARN_PARTIAL = "standards/nist-800-53/v/5.0.0";
@@ -65,23 +79,57 @@ export function createSecurityHub(args: SecurityHubHelperArgs): SecurityHubHelpe
           { parent: args.parent, dependsOn: guardDutyReadyDeps },
         );
 
+  // Reuse path: retain subscriptions on destroy so a `pulumi destroy`
+  // never executes BatchDisableStandards against an account-wide hub
+  // Hulumi did not create. Net-new path: keep default delete semantics
+  // — Hulumi owns the account and the subscriptions, and destroy
+  // should clean them up symmetrically.
+  const retainOnDelete = args.useExistingAccount === true;
+
+  // Fold the GuardDuty reuse-path posture-verified Output (M-DETECTIVEREUSE)
+  // into the standardsArn input of the CIS / NIST subscriptions when
+  // present. The verified Output throws on bad posture, which Pulumi
+  // propagates as a deployment failure when it tries to register the
+  // subscription resource. Concentrating the assertion in this single
+  // input chain (instead of overwriting `detector.id`, which fans out
+  // through every Pulumi-engine-tracked downstream consumer) keeps the
+  // deployment-abort contract intact while minimising spurious
+  // unhandled-rejection noise from the mock runtime.
+  const verifiedDetectorId = (
+    args.guardDutyDetector as unknown as Record<string, pulumi.Output<string> | undefined>
+  )[VERIFIED_DETECTOR_ID_KEY];
+
+  const gatedCisArn: pulumi.Output<string> = pulumi
+    .all([
+      pulumi.interpolate`arn:aws:securityhub:${args.region}::${CIS_V5_STANDARD_ARN_PARTIAL}`,
+      verifiedDetectorId ?? pulumi.output<string | undefined>(undefined),
+    ])
+    .apply(([arn]) => arn);
+
   const cisSubscription = new aws.securityhub.StandardsSubscription(
     `${args.namePrefix}-securityhub-cis-v5`,
     {
-      standardsArn: pulumi.interpolate`arn:aws:securityhub:${args.region}::${CIS_V5_STANDARD_ARN_PARTIAL}`,
+      standardsArn: gatedCisArn,
     },
-    { parent: args.parent, dependsOn: [hub] },
+    { parent: args.parent, dependsOn: [hub], retainOnDelete },
   );
 
   const result: SecurityHubHelperResult = { hub, cisSubscription };
 
   if (args.tier === "startup-hardened") {
+    const gatedNistArn: pulumi.Output<string> = pulumi
+      .all([
+        pulumi.interpolate`arn:aws:securityhub:${args.region}::${NIST_800_53_R5_STANDARD_ARN_PARTIAL}`,
+        verifiedDetectorId ?? pulumi.output<string | undefined>(undefined),
+      ])
+      .apply(([arn]) => arn);
+
     result.nistSubscription = new aws.securityhub.StandardsSubscription(
       `${args.namePrefix}-securityhub-nist-800-53-r5`,
       {
-        standardsArn: pulumi.interpolate`arn:aws:securityhub:${args.region}::${NIST_800_53_R5_STANDARD_ARN_PARTIAL}`,
+        standardsArn: gatedNistArn,
       },
-      { parent: args.parent, dependsOn: [hub] },
+      { parent: args.parent, dependsOn: [hub], retainOnDelete },
     );
   }
 

@@ -5,13 +5,81 @@
 
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from "vitest";
 import { resolve } from "node:path";
+import * as pulumi from "@pulumi/pulumi";
 
 import { AccountFoundation } from "../src/aws/account-foundation";
 import { GUARDDUTY_HARDENED_FEATURES } from "../src/aws/guardduty";
 import { AWS_TAG_VALUE_MAX_LENGTH } from "../src/aws/tags";
 import { registrations, resetRegistrations, valueOf, settlePulumi } from "./setup";
 import { expectNoForbiddenShortcuts } from "../../../tests/_utils/forbidden-shortcut";
 
+/**
+ * Install a healthy-posture stub for the `aws:guardduty/getDetector`
+ * invoke. The reused-detector posture assertion in guardduty.ts (see
+ * M-DETECTIVEREUSE) calls `getDetectorOutput({id})` and throws unless
+ * `status === "ENABLED"` and `findingPublishingFrequency ===
+ * "FIFTEEN_MINUTES"`. The shared `setup.ts` mock returns `args.inputs`
+ * for unknown invoke tokens (no `status` field), so reuse-path tests
+ * here must layer in a tuned mock that returns a baseline-compliant
+ * detector. Dedicated negative-path tests for non-ENABLED /
+ * non-FIFTEEN_MINUTES live in tests/guardduty-reuse-posture.test.ts
+ * (their own per-file mock isolation).
+ */
+function installHealthyGuardDutyDetectorMock(): void {
+  pulumi.runtime.setMocks({
+    newResource: (args: pulumi.runtime.MockResourceArgs) => {
+      const existingId = args.id !== undefined && args.id.length > 0 ? args.id : undefined;
+      registrations.push({
+        type: args.type,
+        name: args.name,
+        inputs: { ...(args.inputs as Record<string, unknown>) },
+        ...(existingId !== undefined ? { id: existingId } : {}),
+        ...(args.provider !== undefined ? { provider: args.provider } : {}),
+      });
+      const baseState: Record<string, unknown> = { ...(args.inputs as Record<string, unknown>) };
+      if (args.type.startsWith("aws:s3/bucketV2") || args.type.startsWith("aws:s3/bucket")) {
+        baseState.arn = baseState.arn ?? `arn:aws:s3:::${args.name}-mock`;
+        baseState.bucketDomainName =
+          baseState.bucketDomainName ?? `${args.name}-mock.s3.amazonaws.com`;
+      } else if (args.type === "aws:cloudwatch/logGroup:LogGroup") {
+        baseState.name = baseState.name ?? args.name;
+      } else {
+        baseState.arn = baseState.arn ?? `arn:aws:mock:${args.type}:${args.name}`;
+      }
+      return { id: existingId ?? `${args.name}_id`, state: baseState };
+    },
+    call: (args: pulumi.runtime.MockCallArgs) => {
+      if (args.token === "aws:index/getCallerIdentity:getCallerIdentity") {
+        return {
+          accountId: "111122223333",
+          arn: "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:user/mock",
+          userId: "MOCKID",
+        };
+      }
+      if (args.token === "aws:index/getRegion:getRegion") {
+        return {
+          name: "us-east-1",
+          description: "US East (N. Virginia)",
+          endpoint: "ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+        };
+      }
+      if (args.token === "aws:guardduty/getDetector:getDetector") {
+        return {
+          id: (args.inputs as { id?: string }).id ?? "mock-detector",
+          arn: "arn:aws:guardduty:us-east-1:111122223333:detector/mock",
+          region: "us-east-1",
+          serviceRoleArn: "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/aws-service-role/guardduty",
+          tags: {},
+          features: [],
+          status: "ENABLED",
+          findingPublishingFrequency: "FIFTEEN_MINUTES",
+        };
+      }
+      return args.inputs;
+    },
+  });
+}
+
 const IAC_ROLE_ARN = "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/hulumi-sandbox-iac-role";
 
 const SANDBOX_TYPES = [
@@ -368,7 +436,17 @@ describe("AccountFoundation — real provider input compatibility", () => {
     expect(ephemeralBucket?.inputs.forceDestroy).toBe(true);
   });
 
-  it("references an existing GuardDuty detector without creating a new one", async () => {
+  // M-DETECTIVEREUSE: the reuse path now also asserts posture
+  // (status === ENABLED && findingPublishingFrequency === FIFTEEN_MINUTES)
+  // via `aws.guardduty.getDetectorOutput`. We install a baseline-compliant
+  // detector mock so the *structural* invariants this test was originally
+  // written for — no new Detector resource is created with `enable`/tags
+  // — still hold under the strengthened reuse contract. Negative-path
+  // posture tests (SUSPENDED / SIX_HOURS) live in
+  // tests/guardduty-reuse-posture.test.ts which uses per-file mock
+  // isolation to drive the failure branches.
+  it("references an existing GuardDuty detector without creating a new one (posture-validated)", async () => {
+    installHealthyGuardDutyDetectorMock();
     const existingDetectorId = "existing-detector-123";
     const af = new AccountFoundation("af-existing-guardduty", {
       tier: "sandbox",
@@ -604,6 +682,77 @@ describe("AccountFoundation — CloudTrail log group output for downstream alarm
   });
 });
 
+describe("AccountFoundation — audit-delivery bucket tamper-resistance invariant (HIGH)", () => {
+  beforeEach(resetRegistrations);
+
+  it("sandbox internal log bucket still emits the CloudTrail-Lake EventDataStore (immutable audit capture)", async () => {
+    const af = new AccountFoundation("af-sandbox-eds", {
+      tier: "sandbox",
+      iacRoleArn: IAC_ROLE_ARN,
+    });
+    await valueOf(af.cloudTrailArn);
+    await settlePulumi();
+
+    const eds = registrations.find(
+      (r) => r.type === "aws:cloudtrail/eventDataStore:EventDataStore",
+    );
+    expect(eds).toBeDefined();
+    expect(eds!.inputs.retentionPeriod).toBe(7);
+  });
+
+  it("startup-hardened internal log bucket carries the deny-audit-tampering invariant, sparing the Config writability-check key", async () => {
+    const af = new AccountFoundation("af-hardened-deny", {
+      tier: "startup-hardened",
+      iacRoleArn: IAC_ROLE_ARN,
+      orgAccountIds: ["111111111111"],
+    });
+    await valueOf(af.cloudTrailArn);
+    await settlePulumi();
+
+    const bucketPolicy = registrations.find((r) => r.type === "aws:s3/bucketPolicy:BucketPolicy");
+    expect(bucketPolicy).toBeDefined();
+    const doc = parsePolicy(bucketPolicy!.inputs.policy);
+    const deny = doc.Statement.find((s) => s.Sid === "DenyAuditLogTampering");
+    expect(deny).toBeDefined();
+    expect(deny!.Effect).toBe("Deny");
+    expect(deny!.Action).toEqual([
+      "s3:DeleteObject",
+      "s3:DeleteObjectVersion",
+      "s3:PutBucketVersioning",
+    ]);
+    const resources = deny!.Resource as string[];
+    expect(resources.some((r) => r.includes("/AWSLogs/111122223333/CloudTrail/*"))).toBe(true);
+    expect(resources.some((r) => r.includes("/AWSLogs/111122223333/Config/ConfigHistory/*"))).toBe(
+      true,
+    );
+    expect(JSON.stringify(deny)).not.toContain("ConfigWritabilityCheckFile");
+  });
+
+  it("startup-hardened AccountFoundation rejects logBucketForceDestroy=true on the audit bucket", () => {
+    expect(
+      () =>
+        new AccountFoundation("af-hardened-fd", {
+          tier: "startup-hardened",
+          iacRoleArn: IAC_ROLE_ARN,
+          orgAccountIds: ["111111111111"],
+          logBucketForceDestroy: true,
+        }),
+    ).toThrowError(/audit.*forceDestroy.*docs\/tiers\.md/i);
+  });
+
+  it("sandbox AccountFoundation still honors logBucketForceDestroy=true (ephemeral e2e cleanup)", async () => {
+    const af = new AccountFoundation("af-sandbox-fd", {
+      tier: "sandbox",
+      iacRoleArn: IAC_ROLE_ARN,
+      logBucketForceDestroy: true,
+    });
+    await valueOf(af.cloudTrailArn);
+    await settlePulumi();
+    const bucket = registrations.find((r) => r.type === "aws:s3/bucket:Bucket");
+    expect(bucket?.inputs.forceDestroy).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
 describe("AccountFoundation — no sleep / setTimeout in component-composition source", () => {
   it("packages/baseline/src/aws/ has zero setTimeout / sleep / await new Promise occurrences outside probes/", () => {
     expectNoForbiddenShortcuts({

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+// Regression: M-DETECTIVEREUSE GuardDuty arm.
+//
+// When `existingGuardDutyDetectorId` is supplied, AccountFoundation must
+// not silently accept a suspended or non-FIFTEEN_MINUTES detector. The
+// reuse path must invoke aws.guardduty.getDetector and assert posture
+// (status === "ENABLED" && findingPublishingFrequency ===
+// "FIFTEEN_MINUTES"); a mismatched detector must fail the deployment.
+//
+// Production wiring: the verified Output is folded into the CIS / NIST
+// `standardsArn` input chain in securityhub.ts. On bad posture the
+// Output rejects, Pulumi refuses to register the subscription resource,
+// and the deploy aborts. The test observes this by wrapping
+// `aws.securityhub.StandardsSubscription` and awaiting its
+// `standardsArn` input — when the assertion throws, the wrapped Output
+// rejects with the same error.
+//
+// Vitest isolates test files (default pool: threads, isolate: true), so
+// the per-file `pulumi.runtime.setMocks` and constructor wrapper below
+// only affect this file's resource graph.
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, beforeAll, afterAll } from "vitest";
+import * as aws from "@pulumi/aws";
+import * as pulumi from "@pulumi/pulumi";
+
+import { registrations, resetRegistrations, valueOf, settlePulumi } from "./setup";
+
+const IAC_ROLE_ARN = "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/hulumi-sandbox-iac-role";
+const EXISTING_ID = "existing-detector-123";
+
+// Per-test mutable mock state for the aws:guardduty/getDetector invoke.
+let mockDetectorPosture: { status: string; findingPublishingFrequency: string } = {
+  status: "ENABLED",
+  findingPublishingFrequency: "FIFTEEN_MINUTES",
+};
+
+// Capture the `standardsArn` Output of every StandardsSubscription
+// constructed in this test file. The negative-path tests await these
+// to observe whether the posture-gated chain throws.
+const subscriptionStandardsArns: pulumi.Output<string>[] = [];
+
+const OriginalStandardsSubscription = aws.securityhub.StandardsSubscription;
+class InstrumentedStandardsSubscription extends OriginalStandardsSubscription {
+  constructor(
+    name: string,
+    args: aws.securityhub.StandardsSubscriptionArgs,
+    opts?: pulumi.CustomResourceOptions,
+  ) {
+    subscriptionStandardsArns.push(pulumi.output(args.standardsArn));
+    super(name, args, opts);
+  }
+}
+
+beforeAll(() => {
+  Object.defineProperty(aws.securityhub, "StandardsSubscription", {
+    value: InstrumentedStandardsSubscription,
+    writable: true,
+    configurable: true,
+  });
+});
+
+afterAll(() => {
+  Object.defineProperty(aws.securityhub, "StandardsSubscription", {
+    value: OriginalStandardsSubscription,
+    writable: true,
+    configurable: true,
+  });
+});
+
+// Re-register Pulumi mocks for this file's worker. Extends the global
+// setup.ts mocks with a tuned call() that returns the configured
+// detector posture for getDetector invokes.
+pulumi.runtime.setMocks({
+  newResource: (args: pulumi.runtime.MockResourceArgs) => {
+    const existingId = args.id !== undefined && args.id.length > 0 ? args.id : undefined;
+    registrations.push({
+      type: args.type,
+      name: args.name,
+      inputs: { ...(args.inputs as Record<string, unknown>) },
+      ...(existingId !== undefined ? { id: existingId } : {}),
+      ...(args.provider !== undefined ? { provider: args.provider } : {}),
+    });
+    const baseState: Record<string, unknown> = { ...(args.inputs as Record<string, unknown>) };
+    if (args.type.startsWith("aws:s3/bucketV2") || args.type.startsWith("aws:s3/bucket")) {
+      baseState.arn = baseState.arn ?? `arn:aws:s3:::${args.name}-mock`;
+      baseState.bucketDomainName =
+        baseState.bucketDomainName ?? `${args.name}-mock.s3.amazonaws.com`;
+    } else if (args.type === "aws:cloudwatch/logGroup:LogGroup") {
+      baseState.name = baseState.name ?? args.name;
+    } else {
+      baseState.arn = baseState.arn ?? `arn:aws:mock:${args.type}:${args.name}`;
+    }
+    return {
+      id: existingId ?? `${args.name}_id`,
+      state: baseState,
+    };
+  },
+  call: (args: pulumi.runtime.MockCallArgs) => {
+    if (args.token === "aws:index/getCallerIdentity:getCallerIdentity") {
+      return {
+        accountId: "111122223333",
+        arn: "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:user/mock",
+        userId: "MOCKID",
+      };
+    }
+    if (args.token === "aws:index/getRegion:getRegion") {
+      return {
+        name: "us-east-1",
+        description: "US East (N. Virginia)",
+        endpoint: "ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+      };
+    }
+    if (args.token === "aws:guardduty/getDetector:getDetector") {
+      return {
+        id: (args.inputs as { id?: string }).id ?? EXISTING_ID,
+        arn: `arn:aws:guardduty:us-east-1:111122223333:detector/${EXISTING_ID}`,
+        region: "us-east-1",
+        serviceRoleArn: "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/aws-service-role/guardduty",
+        tags: {},
+        features: [],
+        status: mockDetectorPosture.status,
+        findingPublishingFrequency: mockDetectorPosture.findingPublishingFrequency,
+      };
+    }
+    return args.inputs;
+  },
+});
+
+// AccountFoundation is imported AFTER setMocks so any module-load
+// side effects (none currently) see the per-file mocks.
+import { AccountFoundation } from "../src/aws/account-foundation";
+
+// Helper to await a Pulumi Output that may reject (valueOf in setup.ts
+// only resolves on success). Used by the negative-path tests below.
+function valueOfOrThrow<T>(output: pulumi.Output<T>): Promise<T> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    try {
+      output.apply((value: T) => {
+        resolve(value);
+        return value;
+      });
+    } catch (e) {
+      reject(e);
+    }
+    // Pulumi rejects via the underlying promise chain; observe it.
+    (output as unknown as { promise: () => Promise<T> }).promise?.().catch(reject);
+  });
+}
+
+// On the negative-posture tests the rejected gated Output fans out
+// across (a) the StandardsSubscription's registerResource input
+// serialization, (b) this test file's wrapper capture, (c) Pulumi's
+// internal apply chains. Each consumer creates its own promise that
+// rejects independently. The test's primary assertion is captured by
+// expect(...).rejects.toThrow on subscriptionStandardsArns[0]; the
+// fan-out copies emit `unhandledRejection` events that vitest's
+// listener captures and surfaces as worker-level errors.
+//
+// We swap vitest's unhandledRejection listeners with a wrapper that
+// drops events whose error message matches the expected
+// M-DETECTIVEREUSE posture pattern. Any other unhandled rejection
+// still flows through to vitest. Restored in afterAll().
+const expectedPosturePattern = /Hulumi baseline requires (status|findingPublishingFrequency)=/;
+type NodeListener = (...args: unknown[]) => unknown;
+let savedListeners: NodeListener[] = [];
+
+beforeAll(() => {
+  savedListeners = process.listeners("unhandledRejection") as unknown as NodeListener[];
+  process.removeAllListeners("unhandledRejection");
+  for (const listener of savedListeners) {
+    process.on("unhandledRejection", (reason: unknown, promise: Promise<unknown>) => {
+      const msg = (reason as { message?: string } | undefined)?.message ?? String(reason);
+      if (expectedPosturePattern.test(msg)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      listener(reason, promise);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+afterAll(() => {
+  process.removeAllListeners("unhandledRejection");
+  for (const listener of savedListeners) {
+    process.on("unhandledRejection", listener as NodeListener);
+  }
+});
+
+describe("M-DETECTIVEREUSE GuardDuty arm — reused detector posture is asserted", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    resetRegistrations();
+    subscriptionStandardsArns.length = 0;
+    // Reset to a healthy default; each test overrides as needed.
+    mockDetectorPosture = { status: "ENABLED", findingPublishingFrequency: "FIFTEEN_MINUTES" };
+  });
+
+  it("accepts a reused detector that is ENABLED + FIFTEEN_MINUTES", async () => {
+    mockDetectorPosture = { status: "ENABLED", findingPublishingFrequency: "FIFTEEN_MINUTES" };
+    const af = new AccountFoundation("af-reuse-ok", {
+      tier: "sandbox",
+      iacRoleArn: IAC_ROLE_ARN,
+      existingGuardDutyDetectorId: EXISTING_ID,
+    });
+    await expect(valueOf(af.guardDutyDetectorId)).resolves.toBe(EXISTING_ID);
+    await settlePulumi();
+    // CIS subscription's posture-gated standardsArn resolves cleanly.
+    expect(subscriptionStandardsArns.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    for (const arnOutput of subscriptionStandardsArns) {
+      await expect(valueOfOrThrow(arnOutput)).resolves.toMatch(/cis-aws-foundations/);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("rejects a reused detector whose status is not ENABLED (e.g. SUSPENDED)", async () => {
+    mockDetectorPosture = {
+      status: "SUSPENDED",
+      findingPublishingFrequency: "FIFTEEN_MINUTES",
+    };
+    new AccountFoundation("af-reuse-suspended", {
+      tier: "sandbox",
+      iacRoleArn: IAC_ROLE_ARN,
+      existingGuardDutyDetectorId: EXISTING_ID,
+    });
+    // The standards-subscription standardsArn input is folded into the
+    // posture-verified Output, so it must reject on non-ENABLED status.
+    expect(subscriptionStandardsArns.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    await expect(valueOfOrThrow(subscriptionStandardsArns[0])).rejects.toThrow(/ENABLED/);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects a reused detector whose findingPublishingFrequency is not FIFTEEN_MINUTES (e.g. SIX_HOURS)", async () => {
+    mockDetectorPosture = {
+      status: "ENABLED",
+      findingPublishingFrequency: "SIX_HOURS",
+    };
+    new AccountFoundation("af-reuse-sixhours", {
+      tier: "sandbox",
+      iacRoleArn: IAC_ROLE_ARN,
+      existingGuardDutyDetectorId: EXISTING_ID,
+    });
+    expect(subscriptionStandardsArns.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    await expect(valueOfOrThrow(subscriptionStandardsArns[0])).rejects.toThrow(/FIFTEEN_MINUTES/);
+  });
+
+  it("net-new (non-reuse) deploys are unaffected by the posture invoke", async () => {
+    // No existingGuardDutyDetectorId → no getDetector invoke is required.
+    // The detector resource is created with FIFTEEN_MINUTES + enable=true.
+    const af = new AccountFoundation("af-netnew", {
+      tier: "sandbox",
+      iacRoleArn: IAC_ROLE_ARN,
+    });
+    await expect(valueOf(af.guardDutyDetectorId)).resolves.toBeDefined();
+    await settlePulumi();
+    const detector = registrations.find((r) => r.type === "aws:guardduty/detector:Detector");
+    expect(detector?.inputs.enable).toBe(true);
+    expect(detector?.inputs.findingPublishingFrequency).toBe("FIFTEEN_MINUTES");
+  });
+});

@@ -270,13 +270,47 @@ async function cleanupStartupLoggingTargetBucket(): Promise<void> {
   }
 }
 
+// Exact-shape predicates for the sweepers below. Affix-only filters
+// (startsWith/endsWith) are too loose: an attacker-named or operator-
+// created resource that happens to share the prefix and suffix would be
+// silently deleted. The shapes here are derived from RESOURCE_PREFIX
+// (`af-e2e-(sb|sh)-<10 lowercase hex>`) plus the suite's own resource
+// templates in src/aws (see `${name}-logs-data-events` in
+// secure-bucket.ts and `hulumi-${name}-access-analyzer` in
+// iam-baseline.ts). The sweepers below match the EXACT regex AND log-
+// and-skip anything that matches the affix but fails the exact regex —
+// fail closed, do not delete.
+export const E2E_ANALYZER_NAME_REGEX =
+  /^hulumi-af-e2e-(sb|sh)-[0-9a-f]{10}(?:-[A-Za-z0-9]+)*-access-analyzer$/;
+export const E2E_EVENT_DATA_STORE_NAME_REGEX =
+  /^af-e2e-(sb|sh)-[0-9a-f]{10}(?:-[A-Za-z0-9]+)*-data-events$/;
+
+export function looksLikeE2eAnalyzerName(name: string): boolean {
+  return name.startsWith("hulumi-af-e2e-") && name.endsWith("-access-analyzer");
+}
+
+export function looksLikeE2eEventDataStoreName(name: string): boolean {
+  return name.startsWith("af-e2e-") && name.endsWith("-data-events");
+}
+
+export function isE2eAnalyzerName(name: string): boolean {
+  return E2E_ANALYZER_NAME_REGEX.test(name);
+}
+
+export function isE2eEventDataStoreName(name: string): boolean {
+  return E2E_EVENT_DATA_STORE_NAME_REGEX.test(name);
+}
+
 // IAM Access Analyzer is a Startup-Hardened-only sub-resource and AWS
 // caps analyzers per account/region (default 1). A prior e2e run that
 // failed AFTER the analyzer was created can orphan it (a failed
 // `pulumi up` is not always reclaimed by destroy), exhausting the quota
 // and blocking every later run with ServiceQuotaExceededException. Sweep
-// only THIS suite's own analyzers — names are `hulumi-af-e2e-*-access-
-// analyzer` — so a real account/organization analyzer is never touched.
+// only THIS suite's own analyzers — names match the EXACT generated
+// shape `hulumi-af-e2e-(sb|sh)-<10 hex>-…-access-analyzer`. Candidates
+// that match the loose affix but FAIL the exact regex are logged and
+// skipped (fail closed), so a real account/organization analyzer is
+// never touched.
 async function sweepStaleE2eAnalyzers(): Promise<void> {
   if (SELECTED_TIER !== "startup-hardened") return;
   let listed: { analyzers?: { name?: string }[] };
@@ -291,14 +325,19 @@ async function sweepStaleE2eAnalyzers(): Promise<void> {
     if (isMissingAwsResource(err)) return;
     throw err;
   }
-  const stale = (listed.analyzers ?? [])
+  const candidates = (listed.analyzers ?? [])
     .map((a) => a.name)
-    .filter(
-      (name): name is string =>
-        typeof name === "string" &&
-        name.startsWith("hulumi-af-e2e-") &&
-        name.endsWith("-access-analyzer"),
-    );
+    .filter((name): name is string => typeof name === "string" && looksLikeE2eAnalyzerName(name));
+  const stale: string[] = [];
+  for (const name of candidates) {
+    if (isE2eAnalyzerName(name)) {
+      stale.push(name);
+    } else {
+      console.warn(
+        `[account-foundation-e2e] skipping access analyzer ${name}: matches affix but not the exact e2e shape; refusing to delete`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
   for (const name of stale) {
     try {
       await aws(["accessanalyzer", "delete-analyzer", "--analyzer-name", name, "--region", REGION]);
@@ -308,12 +347,22 @@ async function sweepStaleE2eAnalyzers(): Promise<void> {
   }
 }
 
+// Maximum age (ms) for an EventDataStore created without a Hulumi-owned
+// tag to still be considered a stale e2e leftover. Suite resources are
+// short-lived (a single weekly run + occasional manual cleanup); 24h is
+// generous slack for retries. Anything older is treated as not-ours.
+const E2E_EVENT_DATA_STORE_MAX_AGE_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+
 // The Startup-Hardened SecureBucket creates a CloudTrail EventDataStore.
 // A prior e2e run that created one but failed before `destroy` (or whose
 // store predates the forceDestroy fix) leaves a TERMINATION-PROTECTED,
-// billable store behind. Sweep only this suite's own stores —
-// `af-e2e-*-data-events` — disabling termination protection first so the
-// delete succeeds. Scoped by name so a real audit store is never touched.
+// billable store behind. Sweep only this suite's own stores: names match
+// the EXACT generated shape `af-e2e-(sb|sh)-<10 hex>-…-data-events` AND
+// either carry a Hulumi-owned tag OR were created within the last 24h.
+// Candidates that match the loose affix but FAIL the exact regex are
+// logged and skipped (fail closed), as are candidates that match the
+// exact regex but have neither a Hulumi tag nor a recent creation time.
+// Disable termination protection first so the delete succeeds.
 async function sweepStaleE2eEventDataStores(): Promise<void> {
   if (SELECTED_TIER !== "startup-hardened") return;
   let listed: {
@@ -322,6 +371,7 @@ async function sweepStaleE2eEventDataStores(): Promise<void> {
       Name?: string;
       TerminationProtectionEnabled?: boolean;
       Status?: string;
+      CreatedTimestamp?: string;
     }[];
   };
   try {
@@ -330,21 +380,39 @@ async function sweepStaleE2eEventDataStores(): Promise<void> {
     if (isMissingAwsResource(err)) return;
     throw err;
   }
-  const stale = (listed.EventDataStores ?? []).filter(
+  const candidates = (listed.EventDataStores ?? []).filter(
     (
       eds,
     ): eds is {
       EventDataStoreArn: string;
       Name: string;
       TerminationProtectionEnabled?: boolean;
       Status?: string;
+      CreatedTimestamp?: string;
     } =>
       typeof eds.EventDataStoreArn === "string" &&
       typeof eds.Name === "string" &&
-      eds.Name.startsWith("af-e2e-") &&
-      eds.Name.endsWith("-data-events") &&
+      looksLikeE2eEventDataStoreName(eds.Name) &&
       eds.Status !== "PENDING_DELETION",
   );
+  const stale: typeof candidates = [];
+  for (const eds of candidates) {
+    if (!isE2eEventDataStoreName(eds.Name)) {
+      console.warn(
+        `[account-foundation-e2e] skipping EventDataStore ${eds.Name}: matches affix but not the exact e2e shape; refusing to delete`,
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    const ownedByHulumi = await isEventDataStoreOwnedByHulumi(eds.EventDataStoreArn);
+    const recentEnough = isRecentEnough(eds.CreatedTimestamp);
+    if (!ownedByHulumi && !recentEnough) {
+      console.warn(
+        `[account-foundation-e2e] skipping EventDataStore ${eds.Name}: exact-name match but no Hulumi tag and not within the ${E2E_EVENT_DATA_STORE_MAX_AGE_MS}ms window; refusing to delete`,
+      );
+      continue;
+    }
+    stale.push(eds);
+  }
   for (const eds of stale) {
     try {
       if (eds.TerminationProtectionEnabled === true) {
@@ -372,6 +440,32 @@ async function sweepStaleE2eEventDataStores(): Promise<void> {
   }
 }
 
+function isRecentEnough(createdTimestamp: string | undefined): boolean {
+  if (typeof createdTimestamp !== "string" || createdTimestamp.length === 0) return false;
+  const created = Date.parse(createdTimestamp);
+  if (Number.isNaN(created)) return false;
+  return Date.now() - created <= E2E_EVENT_DATA_STORE_MAX_AGE_MS;
+}
+
+async function isEventDataStoreOwnedByHulumi(arn: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  try {
+    const response = await awsJson<{
+      ResourceTagList?: { TagsList?: { Key?: string; Value?: string }[] }[];
+    }>(["cloudtrail", "list-tags", "--resource-id-list", arn, "--region", REGION]);
+    const tagsList = response.ResourceTagList?.[0]?.TagsList ?? [];
+    return tagsList.some(
+      (tag) =>
+        (tag.Key === "ManagedBy" && tag.Value === "Hulumi") ||
+        (tag.Key === "hulumi:component" && typeof tag.Value === "string"),
+    );
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (isMissingAwsResource(err)) return false;
+    // If list-tags fails for any other reason, fall back to creation-time
+    // (which the caller will also evaluate); do not infer ownership.
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
 function configRecorderNameFromArn(arn: string): string {
   const marker = ":recorder/";
   const index = arn.indexOf(marker);
@@ -516,6 +610,48 @@ const skipReason = !RUN_INTEGRATION
       ? "no Pulumi backend configured — set PULUMI_BACKEND_URL or PULUMI_ACCESS_TOKEN"
       : "HULUMI_IAC_ROLE_ARN unset — AccountFoundation requires the IaC role ARN";
 
+describe("AccountFoundation — e2e sweep name predicates (always-on unit checks)", () => {
+  // The integration suite is gated behind real-AWS credentials and
+  // skips in normal CI. These unit-style assertions exercise the pure
+  // name predicates so the affix-vs-exact-shape contract that protects
+  // against deleting non-e2e resources is verified on every CI run.
+  it("accepts a real generated EventDataStore name and rejects adversarial affix matches", () => {
+    expect(isE2eEventDataStoreName("af-e2e-sb-0123456789-logs-data-events")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isE2eEventDataStoreName("af-e2e-sh-abcdef0123-logs-data-events")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isE2eEventDataStoreName("af-e2e-sb-0123456789-data-events")).toBe(true);
+    // Adversarial / unrelated names that match the loose affix but are
+    // NOT this suite's own resources MUST be rejected.
+    expect(isE2eEventDataStoreName("af-e2e-prod-audit-data-events")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isE2eEventDataStoreName("af-e2e-sb-data-events")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isE2eEventDataStoreName("af-e2e-sb-ZZZZZZZZZZ-logs-data-events")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isE2eEventDataStoreName("af-e2e-xx-0123456789-logs-data-events")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isE2eEventDataStoreName("not-an-e2e-data-events")).toBe(false);
+    // Random suffix appended by autonaming would break the exact regex —
+    // the sweep then logs-and-skips rather than deleting, which is the
+    // intended fail-closed behaviour.
+    expect(isE2eEventDataStoreName("af-e2e-sh-abcdef0123-logs-data-events-7a3b5c1")).toBe(false);
+    // But the loose affix predicate (the candidate filter) must still
+    // accept adversarial-shaped names so the fail-closed branch is
+    // exercised in production — otherwise we would silently never log
+    // the skip warning.
+    expect(looksLikeE2eEventDataStoreName("af-e2e-prod-audit-data-events")).toBe(true);
+    expect(looksLikeE2eEventDataStoreName("af-e2e-sb-0123456789-logs-data-events")).toBe(true);
+    expect(looksLikeE2eEventDataStoreName("hulumi-pulumi-state")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("accepts a real generated access analyzer name and rejects adversarial affix matches", () => {
+    expect(isE2eAnalyzerName("hulumi-af-e2e-sh-abcdef0123-access-analyzer")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isE2eAnalyzerName("hulumi-af-e2e-sb-0123456789-access-analyzer")).toBe(true);
+    // Adversarial / unrelated.
+    expect(isE2eAnalyzerName("hulumi-af-e2e-org-audit-access-analyzer")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isE2eAnalyzerName("hulumi-af-e2e-sh-ZZZZZZZZZZ-access-analyzer")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isE2eAnalyzerName("hulumi-af-e2e-sb-access-analyzer")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isE2eAnalyzerName("organization-access-analyzer")).toBe(false);
+    expect(looksLikeE2eAnalyzerName("hulumi-af-e2e-org-audit-access-analyzer")).toBe(true);
+    expect(looksLikeE2eAnalyzerName("organization-access-analyzer")).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
 describe("AccountFoundation — real AWS integration (weekly)", () => {
   // See docs/integration-testing-roadmap.md#account-foundation for the
   // remaining failure-injection contract. Success-path sandbox and

@@ -293,6 +293,130 @@ describe("SecureBucket — Startup-Hardened tier adds object-lock + logging + da
   });
 });
 
+describe("SecureBucket — audit-delivery tamper-resistance invariant (HIGH)", () => {
+  beforeEach(resetRegistrations);
+
+  it("startup-hardened audit-delivery bucket with forceDestroy:true throws (M-FORCEDESTROY block)", () => {
+    expect(
+      () =>
+        new SecureBucket("sb-audit-fd", {
+          tier: "startup-hardened",
+          logBucketArn: LOG_BUCKET_ARN,
+          objectLock: false,
+          awsServiceLogDelivery: { cloudTrail: true, config: true },
+          forceDestroy: true,
+        }),
+    ).toThrowError(/audit.*forceDestroy.*docs\/tiers\.md/i);
+  });
+
+  it("non-audit startup-hardened bucket with forceDestroy:true is still allowed", async () => {
+    const bucket = new SecureBucket("sb-nonaudit-fd", {
+      tier: "startup-hardened",
+      logBucketArn: LOG_BUCKET_ARN,
+      forceDestroy: true,
+    });
+    await valueOf(bucket.arn);
+    await settlePulumi();
+    const bucketReg = findRegistration("aws:s3/bucket:Bucket");
+    expect(bucketReg?.inputs.forceDestroy).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("sandbox audit-delivery bucket with forceDestroy:true is still allowed (ephemeral e2e)", async () => {
+    const bucket = new SecureBucket("sb-sandbox-audit-fd", {
+      tier: "sandbox",
+      awsServiceLogDelivery: { cloudTrail: true, config: true },
+      forceDestroy: true,
+    });
+    await valueOf(bucket.arn);
+    await settlePulumi();
+    const bucketReg = findRegistration("aws:s3/bucket:Bucket");
+    expect(bucketReg?.inputs.forceDestroy).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("startup-hardened audit bucket policy denies deleting CloudTrail/Config history objects but NOT the Config writability-check key", async () => {
+    const bucket = new SecureBucket("sb-audit-deny", {
+      tier: "startup-hardened",
+      logBucketArn: LOG_BUCKET_ARN,
+      objectLock: false,
+      awsServiceLogDelivery: { cloudTrail: true, config: true },
+    });
+    await valueOf(bucket.bucketPolicy.policy);
+    await settlePulumi();
+
+    const policy = findRegistration("aws:s3/bucketPolicy:BucketPolicy");
+    expect(policy).toBeDefined();
+    const doc = parsePolicy(policy!.inputs.policy);
+    const deny = doc.Statement.find((s) => s.Sid === "DenyAuditLogTampering");
+    expect(deny).toBeDefined();
+    expect(deny!.Effect).toBe("Deny");
+    expect(deny!.Principal).toBe("*");
+    expect(deny!.Action).toEqual([
+      "s3:DeleteObject",
+      "s3:DeleteObjectVersion",
+      "s3:PutBucketVersioning",
+    ]);
+
+    const resources = deny!.Resource as string[];
+    // CloudTrail log objects are protected.
+    expect(resources).toContain(
+      "arn:aws:s3:::sb-audit-deny-bucket-mock/AWSLogs/111122223333/CloudTrail/*",
+    );
+    // Config history + snapshot objects are protected.
+    expect(resources).toContain(
+      "arn:aws:s3:::sb-audit-deny-bucket-mock/AWSLogs/111122223333/Config/ConfigHistory/*",
+    );
+    expect(resources).toContain(
+      "arn:aws:s3:::sb-audit-deny-bucket-mock/AWSLogs/111122223333/Config/ConfigSnapshot/*",
+    );
+    // The bucket itself is covered for the PutBucketVersioning lock.
+    expect(resources).toContain("arn:aws:s3:::sb-audit-deny-bucket-mock");
+
+    // The AWS Config write-then-delete probe key MUST NOT be denied, or
+    // PutDeliveryChannel fails with InsufficientDeliveryPolicyException.
+    const serialized = JSON.stringify(deny);
+    expect(serialized).not.toContain("ConfigWritabilityCheckFile");
+    // The deny must not blanket the whole Config prefix (that would catch
+    // the writability-check key).
+    expect(resources).not.toContain(
+      "arn:aws:s3:::sb-audit-deny-bucket-mock/AWSLogs/111122223333/Config/*",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("sandbox audit-delivery bucket emits the CloudTrail-Lake EventDataStore regardless of tier", async () => {
+    const bucket = new SecureBucket("sb-sandbox-eds", {
+      tier: "sandbox",
+      awsServiceLogDelivery: { cloudTrail: true, config: true },
+    });
+    await valueOf(bucket.arn);
+    await settlePulumi();
+
+    const eds = findRegistration("aws:cloudtrail/eventDataStore:EventDataStore");
+    expect(eds).toBeDefined();
+    expect(eds!.inputs.retentionPeriod).toBe(7);
+    // No tier-gated BucketLogging in sandbox (needs an external target).
+    expect(findRegistration("aws:s3/bucketLogging:BucketLogging")).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it("sandbox bucket WITHOUT awsServiceLogDelivery emits no EventDataStore", async () => {
+    const bucket = new SecureBucket("sb-sandbox-no-eds", { tier: "sandbox" });
+    await valueOf(bucket.arn);
+    await settlePulumi();
+    expect(findRegistration("aws:cloudtrail/eventDataStore:EventDataStore")).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it("non-audit startup-hardened bucket policy has no deny-audit-tampering statement", async () => {
+    const bucket = new SecureBucket("sb-hard-nonaudit", {
+      tier: "startup-hardened",
+      logBucketArn: LOG_BUCKET_ARN,
+    });
+    await valueOf(bucket.bucketPolicy.policy);
+    await settlePulumi();
+    const policy = findRegistration("aws:s3/bucketPolicy:BucketPolicy");
+    const doc = parsePolicy(policy!.inputs.policy);
+    expect(doc.Statement.find((s) => s.Sid === "DenyAuditLogTampering")).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
+
 describe("SecureBucket — tier matrix delta count ≥ 3 (schema regression)", () => {
   it("Startup-Hardened sub-resource type set minus Sandbox set has ≥3 members", async () => {
     resetRegistrations();

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Regression: M-DETECTIVEREUSE SecurityHub arm.
+//
+// When `useExistingSecurityHubAccount === true`, AccountFoundation imports
+// the account-wide hub via `Account.get`, but the CIS + NIST
+// StandardsSubscription resources it creates are NOT imported — they are
+// net-new resources whose default destroy behaviour calls
+// BatchDisableStandards. On `pulumi destroy` of the reused stack, that
+// would unsubscribe CIS/NIST account-wide while leaving Security Hub
+// itself enabled (it was imported, so it isn't destroyed) — a silent
+// monitoring downgrade.
+//
+// Fix: subscriptions created on the reuse path carry retainOnDelete=true
+// so destroy leaves them in place. Non-reuse deploys retain the original
+// delete semantics.
+//
+// `retainOnDelete` lives on CustomResourceOptions, not resource inputs,
+// so vitest's setup.ts mock — which only captures `MockResourceArgs` —
+// cannot see it. `pulumi.runtime.registerStackTransformation` also
+// requires an initialized stack resource which the test runtime does
+// not have. We observe the option by wrapping the
+// `aws.securityhub.StandardsSubscription` constructor and capturing the
+// `opts.retainOnDelete` value before delegating to the real
+// constructor — purely test-side instrumentation, the production code
+// path is unchanged.
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, beforeAll, afterAll } from "vitest";
+import * as aws from "@pulumi/aws";
+import * as pulumi from "@pulumi/pulumi";
+
+import { AccountFoundation } from "../src/aws/account-foundation";
+import { resetRegistrations, valueOf, settlePulumi } from "./setup";
+
+const IAC_ROLE_ARN = "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/hulumi-sandbox-iac-role";
+
+const retainObservations = new Map<string, boolean | undefined>();
+
+// Wrap the StandardsSubscription constructor to record opts.retainOnDelete
+// per resource name. We restore the original constructor in afterAll so
+// the instrumentation is scoped to this file. The aws.securityhub
+// namespace exports lazy-load properties (getter-only), so we use
+// Object.defineProperty to redefine the property as a writable value
+// before substituting the constructor.
+const OriginalStandardsSubscription = aws.securityhub.StandardsSubscription;
+class InstrumentedStandardsSubscription extends OriginalStandardsSubscription {
+  constructor(
+    name: string,
+    args: aws.securityhub.StandardsSubscriptionArgs,
+    opts?: pulumi.CustomResourceOptions,
+  ) {
+    retainObservations.set(name, opts?.retainOnDelete);
+    super(name, args, opts);
+  }
+}
+
+beforeAll(() => {
+  Object.defineProperty(aws.securityhub, "StandardsSubscription", {
+    value: InstrumentedStandardsSubscription,
+    writable: true,
+    configurable: true,
+  });
+});
+
+afterAll(() => {
+  Object.defineProperty(aws.securityhub, "StandardsSubscription", {
+    value: OriginalStandardsSubscription,
+    writable: true,
+    configurable: true,
+  });
+});
+
+describe("M-DETECTIVEREUSE SecurityHub arm — reuse retains standards on destroy", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    resetRegistrations();
+    retainObservations.clear();
+  });
+
+  it("reuse path (startup-hardened): CIS + NIST StandardsSubscription carry retainOnDelete=true", async () => {
+    const af = new AccountFoundation("af-sh-reuse-retain", {
+      tier: "startup-hardened",
+      iacRoleArn: IAC_ROLE_ARN,
+      orgAccountIds: ["111111111111"],
+      useExistingSecurityHubAccount: true,
+    });
+    await valueOf(af.securityHubHubArn);
+    await settlePulumi();
+
+    expect(retainObservations.size).toBe(2);
+    for (const [name, retain] of retainObservations) {
+      expect(retain, `subscription ${name} must carry retainOnDelete=true on reuse path`).toBe(
+        true,
+      );
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("reuse path (sandbox): CIS StandardsSubscription carries retainOnDelete=true", async () => {
+    const af = new AccountFoundation("af-sh-reuse-sandbox", {
+      tier: "sandbox",
+      iacRoleArn: IAC_ROLE_ARN,
+      useExistingSecurityHubAccount: true,
+    });
+    await valueOf(af.securityHubHubArn);
+    await settlePulumi();
+
+    expect(retainObservations.size).toBe(1);
+    for (const [name, retain] of retainObservations) {
+      expect(retain, `subscription ${name} must carry retainOnDelete=true on reuse path`).toBe(
+        true,
+      );
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("non-reuse path: subscriptions retain default delete semantics (retainOnDelete falsy)", async () => {
+    const af = new AccountFoundation("af-sh-netnew", {
+      tier: "startup-hardened",
+      iacRoleArn: IAC_ROLE_ARN,
+      orgAccountIds: ["111111111111"],
+    });
+    await valueOf(af.securityHubHubArn);
+    await settlePulumi();
+
+    expect(retainObservations.size).toBe(2);
+    for (const [name, retain] of retainObservations) {
+      expect(
+        retain === undefined || retain === false,
+        `subscription ${name} must not opt into retainOnDelete on non-reuse path (got ${String(
+          retain,
+        )})`,
+      ).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+});

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   DescribeLogGroupsCommand,
   type CloudWatchLogsClientConfig,
 } from "@aws-sdk/client-cloudwatch-logs";
+import { GetCallerIdentityCommand, STSClient } from "@aws-sdk/client-sts";
 
 import type {
   ReconcileActionExecutor,
@@ -14,18 +15,26 @@ import type {
 export interface CloudWatchLogGroupExecutorArgs {
   client?: CloudWatchLogsClient;
   clientConfig?: CloudWatchLogsClientConfig;
+  stsClient?: STSClient;
   expectedPrefix: string;
 }
 
 export class CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor implements ReconcileActionExecutor {
   private readonly client: CloudWatchLogsClient;
+  private readonly stsClient: STSClient;
   private readonly expectedPrefix: string;
+  private resolvedAccountId?: string;
 
   constructor(args: CloudWatchLogGroupExecutorArgs) {
     if (args.expectedPrefix.trim().length < 6 || /[*?]/.test(args.expectedPrefix)) {
       throw new Error("Refusing broad CloudWatch Logs cleanup prefix.");
     }
     this.client = args.client ?? new CloudWatchLogsClient(args.clientConfig ?? {});
+    this.stsClient =
+      args.stsClient ??
+      new STSClient(
+        args.clientConfig?.region !== undefined ? { region: args.clientConfig.region } : {},
+      );
     this.expectedPrefix = args.expectedPrefix;
   }
 
@@ -49,6 +58,11 @@ export class CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor implements ReconcileActionExecutor {
       };
     }
 
+    const placementBlock = await this.blockOnPlacementMismatch(action);
+    if (placementBlock !== undefined) {
+      return placementBlock;
+    }
+
     try {
       if (!(await this.logGroupExists(logGroupName))) {
         return {
@@ -75,6 +89,63 @@ export class CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor implements ReconcileActionExecutor {
     }
   }
 
+  // Fail-closed binding: the configured client must operate in the same
+  // account and region the action's resource was discovered in. A mis-wired
+  // (prod creds / wrong region) client must never delete a same-name log
+  // group that belongs to an unrelated placement.
+  private async blockOnPlacementMismatch(
+    action: ReconcilePlanAction,
+  ): Promise<ReconcileActionResult | undefined> {
+    const expectedAccountId = action.resource.accountId;
+    const expectedRegion = action.resource.region;
+    if (expectedAccountId === undefined || expectedRegion === undefined) {
+      return {
+        actionId: action.id,
+        status: "blocked",
+        message: "resource account or region is unknown; refusing to delete on unknown placement",
+      };
+    }
+
+    let resolvedAccountId: string;
+    let resolvedRegion: string;
+    try {
+      resolvedAccountId = await this.resolveAccountId();
+      resolvedRegion = await this.client.config.region();
+    } catch {
+      return {
+        actionId: action.id,
+        status: "blocked",
+        message: "could not resolve client account or region; refusing to delete",
+      };
+    }
+
+    if (resolvedAccountId !== expectedAccountId) {
+      return {
+        actionId: action.id,
+        status: "blocked",
+        message: "client account does not match the resource account",
+      };
+    }
+    if (resolvedRegion !== expectedRegion) {
+      return {
+        actionId: action.id,
+        status: "blocked",
+        message: "client region does not match the resource region",
+      };
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  private async resolveAccountId(): Promise<string> {
+    if (this.resolvedAccountId !== undefined) return this.resolvedAccountId;
+    const identity = await this.stsClient.send(new GetCallerIdentityCommand({}));
+    if (identity.Account === undefined || identity.Account.length === 0) {
+      throw new Error("STS GetCallerIdentity returned no account");
+    }
+    this.resolvedAccountId = identity.Account;
+    return this.resolvedAccountId;
+  }
+
   private async logGroupExists(logGroupName: string): Promise<boolean> {
     const result = await this.client.send(
       new DescribeLogGroupsCommand({ logGroupNamePrefix: logGroupName, limit: 1 }),

@@ -157,6 +157,33 @@ export class DriftClassifier {
       providerDrift: pv.detected,
     };
 
+    // FAIL-CLOSED GATE (M-ADAPTERFAIL). A rejected / failed required
+    // adapter unwraps to {detected:false, ok:false}. Trusting only
+    // `detected` would treat that as "clean" (mutated=false) and emit
+    // None/none, which would then be cached and short-circuit every
+    // subsequent call inside the TTL — a fail-open. The Automation-API
+    // (`auto`) and provider-version (`pv`) adapters are required inputs
+    // to the matrix (`mutated` / `providerDrift`); if either failed we
+    // cannot trust the snapshot, so degrade to the SAME verdict the
+    // probe-failure path (E1) produces — Unknown / low — and DO NOT
+    // write that degraded result to the cache.
+    const requiredAdapterFailed = !auto.ok || !pv.ok;
+    if (requiredAdapterFailed) {
+      const degradedVerdict: DriftVerdict = {
+        resource,
+        source: "Unknown",
+        confidence: "low",
+        evidence,
+        ...(buildRecommendation("Unknown") !== undefined
+          ? { recommendation: buildRecommendation("Unknown")! }
+          : {}),
+      };
+      // Same effect as the meetsMinConfidence early-return below: return
+      // without writing the cache so a degraded run never becomes the
+      // cached canonical entry and never short-circuits later calls.
+      return degradedVerdict;
+    }
+
     let { source, confidence } = hardenedVerdict(snapshot);
     if (
       !probeResult.ok &&
@@ -169,12 +196,33 @@ export class DriftClassifier {
       // for the maintainer.
     }
 
-    // CloudTrail console events promote the verdict directly when the
-    // probe is unavailable but events surfaced via the long-window
-    // lookup. (Tracked separately from the in-flight probe sentinel.)
-    if (snapshot.mutated && ct.detected && !snapshot.eventDelivered) {
+    // Mixed / ConsoleBreakGlass escalation is driven by REAL CloudTrail
+    // audit evidence (`ct.detected`), NOT by probe liveness alone
+    // (M-MIXED). hardenedVerdict() may return Mixed / ConsoleBreakGlass
+    // purely from `snapshot.eventDelivered` (a healthy in-flight probe
+    // sentinel) — but a live probe is not proof a console event actually
+    // occurred. The `!snapshot.eventDelivered` guard that used to wrap
+    // this block has been removed so the ct.detected-based correction
+    // ALSO runs when the probe is healthy.
+    if (snapshot.mutated && ct.detected) {
+      // Real console event observed in CloudTrail → escalate. This also
+      // covers the long-window lookup case where the probe was
+      // unavailable but events surfaced.
       source = snapshot.providerDrift ? "Mixed" : "ConsoleBreakGlass";
       confidence = "high";
+    } else if ((source === "Mixed" || source === "ConsoleBreakGlass") && !ct.detected) {
+      // hardenedVerdict escalated to Mixed / ConsoleBreakGlass from
+      // probe liveness alone, but CloudTrail did NOT actually observe a
+      // console event. Demote to the appropriate non-escalated verdict:
+      // mutated + providerDrift → ProviderApiChurn / medium (matrix
+      // row 4 semantics); otherwise → Unknown / low (matrix row 5).
+      if (snapshot.providerDrift) {
+        source = "ProviderApiChurn";
+        confidence = "medium";
+      } else {
+        source = "Unknown";
+        confidence = "low";
+      }
     }
 
     if (snapshot.mutated && gl.detected && source === "Unknown") {
@@ -238,6 +286,13 @@ const CONFIDENCE_RANK: Record<Confidence, number> = {
 };
 
 function meetsMinConfidence(actual: Confidence, threshold: Confidence | undefined): boolean {
+  // Hardened default (M-ADAPTERFAIL): a `confidence:"none"` only ever
+  // accompanies a None verdict or a degraded run. Even when the caller
+  // sets no explicit threshold, never let a `none`-confidence verdict
+  // become the cached canonical entry (it would short-circuit every
+  // subsequent call inside the TTL — a fail-open). All real verdicts
+  // carry low/medium/high.
+  if (CONFIDENCE_RANK[actual] <= CONFIDENCE_RANK.none) return false;
   if (!threshold) return true;
   return CONFIDENCE_RANK[actual] >= CONFIDENCE_RANK[threshold];
 }

@@ -8,6 +8,17 @@ import type {
   ResourceRelationship,
 } from "./reconciler";
 
+// Security-control services that are account-region singletons by nature:
+// deleting one tears down the account's entire detection/posture surface.
+// Treated as shared singletons even when discovery has no caller-supplied
+// `singleton` flag, so the reconciler's singleton guard always fires.
+const SECURITY_SINGLETON_TYPE =
+  /^aws:guardduty\/detector:Detector$|^aws:securityhub\/account:Account$/;
+
+export function isSecuritySingletonType(type: string): boolean {
+  return SECURITY_SINGLETON_TYPE.test(type);
+}
+
 export interface PulumiStateResource {
   urn: string;
   type: string;
@@ -98,7 +109,11 @@ export function discoverReconcileTargets(
       ...(cloud?.accountId !== undefined ? { accountId: cloud.accountId } : {}),
       ...(cloud?.tags !== undefined ? { tags: cloud.tags } : {}),
       ...(cloud?.createdAt !== undefined ? { createdAt: cloud.createdAt } : {}),
-      ...(cloud?.singleton !== undefined ? { singleton: cloud.singleton } : {}),
+      ...(cloud?.singleton === true || isSecuritySingletonType(resource.type)
+        ? { singleton: true }
+        : cloud?.singleton !== undefined
+          ? { singleton: cloud.singleton }
+          : {}),
     };
     if (physicalId !== undefined) identity.physicalId = physicalId;
     targets.push({
@@ -115,11 +130,15 @@ export function discoverReconcileTargets(
       continue;
     }
     const ownership = ownershipEvidenceFor(resource, request.scope);
+    const identity: ResourceIdentity =
+      isSecuritySingletonType(resource.type) && resource.singleton !== true
+        ? { ...resource, singleton: true }
+        : resource;
     targets.push({
-      identity: resource,
+      identity,
       inState: false,
       existsInCloud: true,
-      relationship: relationshipFor(resource, ownership),
+      relationship: relationshipFor(identity, ownership),
       ownership,
     });
   }

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ export {
 } from "./adapters/cloudwatch-log-group";
 export {
   discoverReconcileTargets,
+  isSecuritySingletonType,
   type CloudInventoryResource,
   type DiscoverReconcileTargetsRequest,
   type DiscoverReconcileTargetsResult,

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
 
+import { isSecuritySingletonType } from "./discovery";
+
 export const RECONCILER_PLAN_SCHEMA_VERSION = "hulumi.drift.reconcile.plan.v1";
 
 export const RECONCILER_RESOURCE_STATES = [
@@ -377,7 +379,8 @@ function classifyTarget(
   const inRegion = matchesOne(target.identity.region, scope.regions);
   const inAccount = matchesOne(target.identity.accountId, scope.accountIds);
   const olderThanMinAge = matchesAge(target.identity.createdAt, scope.minAgeMinutes, now);
-  const singleton = target.identity.singleton === true;
+  const singleton =
+    target.identity.singleton === true || isSecuritySingletonType(target.identity.type);
 
   if (scope.resourcePrefix === undefined && !target.inState && target.existsInCloud) {
     blocked.push({

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+// Fail-closed regression suite for two MED findings, one root cause:
+// classifier.ts built VerdictSnapshot only from adapter `detected`
+// booleans, discarding adapter `ok` (failure) state and the real
+// CloudTrail audit evidence `ct.detected`.
+//
+// M-ADAPTERFAIL: a rejected/failed required adapter (esp. the
+//   Automation-API `auto`) was unwrapped as {detected:false, ok:false};
+//   `ok` was ignored → mutated=false → None/none, which was then cached.
+//   Subsequent calls within TTL short-circuited from that fail-open
+//   cache entry. Expected: degrade to the existing probe-failure verdict
+//   (Unknown/low) AND do NOT write the degraded result to cache, so a
+//   2nd call re-runs the adapters.
+//
+// M-MIXED: Mixed / ConsoleBreakGlass promotion fired on probe liveness
+//   (snapshot.eventDelivered) alone; the real ct.detected correction was
+//   skipped when the probe was healthy. A healthy probe + Automation
+//   diff + providerDrift + ct.detected:false was over-promoted to
+//   Mixed/high. Expected: that case is NOT Mixed/ConsoleBreakGlass high
+//   (it is the provider-churn verdict). A healthy probe WITH real
+//   ct.detected must still escalate (control).
+
+import { describe, it, expect, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+
+import { DriftClassifier } from "../src/classifier";
+import type { AdapterSignal, DriftAdapter } from "../src/types";
+
+class StaticAdapter implements DriftAdapter {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly _name: string,
+    private readonly signalResult: AdapterSignal,
+  ) {}
+  name(): string {
+    return this._name;
+  }
+  async available(): Promise<boolean> {
+    return true;
+  }
+  async signal(): Promise<AdapterSignal> {
+    return this.signalResult;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Counts invocations so we can prove cache short-circuit (or not). */
+class CountingAdapter implements DriftAdapter {
+  public count = 0;
+  constructor(
+    private readonly _name: string,
+    private readonly signalResult: AdapterSignal,
+  ) {}
+  name(): string {
+    return this._name;
+  }
+  async available(): Promise<boolean> {
+    return true;
+  }
+  async signal(): Promise<AdapterSignal> {
+    this.count += 1;
+    return this.signalResult;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Always rejects — models an Automation-API call that fails / is denied. */
+class RejectingAdapter implements DriftAdapter {
+  public count = 0;
+  constructor(private readonly _name: string) {}
+  name(): string {
+    return this._name;
+  }
+  async available(): Promise<boolean> {
+    return true;
+  }
+  async signal(): Promise<AdapterSignal> {
+    this.count += 1;
+    throw new Error(`${this._name} adapter rejected (simulated API failure)`);
+  }
+}
+
+const clean: AdapterSignal = { detected: false, ok: true, data: {} };
+const detected: AdapterSignal = { detected: true, ok: true, data: {} };
+/** detected=false but the underlying API failed (degraded, not clean). */
+const failed: AdapterSignal = { detected: false, ok: false, data: {} };
+
+describe("classifier fail-closed — M-ADAPTERFAIL", () => {
+  let dir: string | undefined;
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    if (dir !== undefined) rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    dir = undefined;
+  });
+
+  it("Automation-API adapter rejection ⇒ degrade verdict (NOT None/none)", async () => {
+    dir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "hulumi-drift-failclosed-"));
+    const classifier = new DriftClassifier({
+      adapters: {
+        automationApi: new RejectingAdapter("AutomationApi"),
+        cloudTrail: new StaticAdapter("CloudTrail", clean),
+        providerVersion: new StaticAdapter("ProviderVersion", clean),
+        gitLog: new StaticAdapter("GitLog", clean),
+      },
+      probe: async () => ({ delivered: false, inTransit: false }),
+    });
+
+    const verdict = await classifier.classify("stack", "urn:r1", {
+      cacheDir: dir,
+      cacheTtlSeconds: 600,
+    });
+
+    // The fail-open bug returned None/none here. Fail-closed must degrade
+    // to the existing probe-failure verdict (Unknown / low).
+    expect(verdict.source).not.toBe("None");
+    expect(verdict.confidence).not.toBe("none");
+    expect(verdict.source).toBe("Unknown");
+    expect(verdict.confidence).toBe("low");
+  });
+
+  it("Automation-API rejection is NOT written to cache (2nd call re-runs adapters)", async () => {
+    dir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "hulumi-drift-failclosed-"));
+    const auto = new RejectingAdapter("AutomationApi");
+    const ct = new CountingAdapter("CloudTrail", clean);
+    const pv = new CountingAdapter("ProviderVersion", clean);
+    const gl = new CountingAdapter("GitLog", clean);
+    const classifier = new DriftClassifier({
+      adapters: { automationApi: auto, cloudTrail: ct, providerVersion: pv, gitLog: gl },
+      probe: async () => ({ delivered: false, inTransit: false }),
+    });
+    const opts = { cacheDir: dir, cacheTtlSeconds: 600 };
+
+    const v1 = await classifier.classify("stack", "urn:r1", opts);
+    expect(v1.source).toBe("Unknown");
+    expect(auto.count).toBe(1);
+
+    // Degraded verdict must NOT have been cached: the 2nd call inside TTL
+    // must re-run every adapter rather than short-circuit fail-open.
+    const v2 = await classifier.classify("stack", "urn:r1", opts);
+    expect(v2.source).toBe("Unknown");
+    expect(auto.count).toBe(2);
+    expect(ct.count).toBe(2);
+    expect(pv.count).toBe(2);
+    expect(gl.count).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it("Automation-API ok=false (no reject) also degrades and is not cached", async () => {
+    dir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "hulumi-drift-failclosed-"));
+    const auto = new CountingAdapter("AutomationApi", failed);
+    const ct = new CountingAdapter("CloudTrail", clean);
+    const pv = new CountingAdapter("ProviderVersion", clean);
+    const gl = new CountingAdapter("GitLog", clean);
+    const classifier = new DriftClassifier({
+      adapters: { automationApi: auto, cloudTrail: ct, providerVersion: pv, gitLog: gl },
+      probe: async () => ({ delivered: false, inTransit: false }),
+    });
+    const opts = { cacheDir: dir, cacheTtlSeconds: 600 };
+
+    const v1 = await classifier.classify("stack", "urn:r1", opts);
+    expect(v1.source).toBe("Unknown");
+    expect(v1.confidence).toBe("low");
+
+    const v2 = await classifier.classify("stack", "urn:r1", opts);
+    expect(v2.source).toBe("Unknown");
+    // Not short-circuited from a fail-open cache entry.
+    expect(auto.count).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it("provider-version adapter failure also degrades fail-closed", async () => {
+    dir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "hulumi-drift-failclosed-"));
+    const classifier = new DriftClassifier({
+      adapters: {
+        automationApi: new StaticAdapter("AutomationApi", detected),
+        cloudTrail: new StaticAdapter("CloudTrail", clean),
+        providerVersion: new RejectingAdapter("ProviderVersion"),
+        gitLog: new StaticAdapter("GitLog", clean),
+      },
+      probe: async () => ({ delivered: false, inTransit: false }),
+    });
+
+    const verdict = await classifier.classify("stack", "urn:r1", {
+      cacheDir: dir,
+      cacheTtlSeconds: 600,
+    });
+    expect(verdict.source).toBe("Unknown");
+    expect(verdict.confidence).toBe("low");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("classifier fail-closed — M-MIXED (require real ct.detected)", () => {
+  let dir: string | undefined;
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    if (dir !== undefined) rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    dir = undefined;
+  });
+
+  it("healthy probe + Automation diff + providerDrift + ct.detected:false ⇒ NOT Mixed/high", async () => {
+    dir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "hulumi-drift-mixed-fc-"));
+    const classifier = new DriftClassifier({
+      adapters: {
+        automationApi: new StaticAdapter("AutomationApi", detected),
+        // CloudTrail did NOT actually observe a console event.
+        cloudTrail: new StaticAdapter("CloudTrail", clean),
+        providerVersion: new StaticAdapter("ProviderVersion", detected),
+        gitLog: new StaticAdapter("GitLog", clean),
+      },
+      // Probe is healthy and "delivered" — but that is only probe
+      // liveness, not real CloudTrail audit evidence.
+      probe: async () => ({ delivered: true, inTransit: false }),
+    });
+
+    const verdict = await classifier.classify("stack", "urn:r1", {
+      cacheDir: dir,
+      cacheTtlSeconds: 0,
+    });
+
+    // Over-promotion bug yielded Mixed/high here. Without real
+    // ct.detected the verdict must NOT escalate to Mixed or
+    // ConsoleBreakGlass. With mutated + providerDrift the appropriate
+    // non-escalated verdict is ProviderApiChurn / medium.
+    expect(verdict.source).not.toBe("Mixed");
+    expect(verdict.source).not.toBe("ConsoleBreakGlass");
+    expect(verdict.confidence).not.toBe("high");
+    expect(verdict.source).toBe("ProviderApiChurn");
+    expect(verdict.confidence).toBe("medium");
+  });
+
+  it("healthy probe + Automation diff + no providerDrift + ct.detected:false ⇒ NOT ConsoleBreakGlass", async () => {
+    dir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "hulumi-drift-mixed-fc-"));
+    const classifier = new DriftClassifier({
+      adapters: {
+        automationApi: new StaticAdapter("AutomationApi", detected),
+        cloudTrail: new StaticAdapter("CloudTrail", clean),
+        providerVersion: new StaticAdapter("ProviderVersion", clean),
+        gitLog: new StaticAdapter("GitLog", clean),
+      },
+      probe: async () => ({ delivered: true, inTransit: false }),
+    });
+
+    const verdict = await classifier.classify("stack", "urn:r1", {
+      cacheDir: dir,
+      cacheTtlSeconds: 0,
+    });
+
+    expect(verdict.source).not.toBe("ConsoleBreakGlass");
+    expect(verdict.source).not.toBe("Mixed");
+    expect(verdict.confidence).not.toBe("high");
+  });
+
+  it("CONTROL: healthy probe WITH real ct.detected still escalates (Mixed/high)", async () => {
+    dir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "hulumi-drift-mixed-fc-"));
+    const classifier = new DriftClassifier({
+      adapters: {
+        automationApi: new StaticAdapter("AutomationApi", detected),
+        cloudTrail: new StaticAdapter("CloudTrail", detected),
+        providerVersion: new StaticAdapter("ProviderVersion", detected),
+        gitLog: new StaticAdapter("GitLog", clean),
+      },
+      probe: async () => ({ delivered: true, inTransit: false }),
+    });
+
+    const verdict = await classifier.classify("stack", "urn:r1", {
+      cacheDir: dir,
+      cacheTtlSeconds: 0,
+    });
+
+    // Real CloudTrail evidence present → escalation is correct.
+    expect(verdict.source).toBe("Mixed");
+    expect(verdict.confidence).toBe("high");
+  });
+
+  it("CONTROL: healthy probe WITH real ct.detected, no providerDrift ⇒ ConsoleBreakGlass/high", async () => {
+    dir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "hulumi-drift-mixed-fc-"));
+    const classifier = new DriftClassifier({
+      adapters: {
+        automationApi: new StaticAdapter("AutomationApi", detected),
+        cloudTrail: new StaticAdapter("CloudTrail", detected),
+        providerVersion: new StaticAdapter("ProviderVersion", clean),
+        gitLog: new StaticAdapter("GitLog", clean),
+      },
+      probe: async () => ({ delivered: true, inTransit: false }),
+    });
+
+    const verdict = await classifier.classify("stack", "urn:r1", {
+      cacheDir: dir,
+      cacheTtlSeconds: 0,
+    });
+
+    expect(verdict.source).toBe("ConsoleBreakGlass");
+    expect(verdict.confidence).toBe("high");
+  });
+});

@@ -6,7 +6,13 @@ import { OrphanReconciler, type ReconcilePlanAction } from "../src/reconciler";
 
 class FakeLogsClient {
   readonly commands: unknown[] = [];
-  constructor(private readonly behavior: "exists" | "absent" | "fails" = "exists") {}
+  readonly config: { region: () => Promise<string> };
+  constructor(
+    private readonly behavior: "exists" | "absent" | "fails" = "exists",
+    region = "us-east-1",
+  ) {
+    this.config = { region: () => Promise.resolve(region) };
+  }
 
   async send(command: unknown): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> {
     this.commands.push(command);
@@ -25,6 +31,17 @@ class FakeLogsClient {
   }
 }
 
+class FakeStsClient {
+  constructor(private readonly account: string | "throws" = "123456789012") {}
+
+  async send(): Promise<{ Account?: string }> {
+    if (this.account === "throws") {
+      throw new Error("STS unavailable");
+    }
+    return { Account: this.account };
+  }
+}
+
 function action(logGroupName = "af-e2e-abc123-logs"): ReconcilePlanAction {
   return {
     id: "action-0000",
@@ -58,6 +75,7 @@ describe("CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor", () => {
       executors: {
         deleteCloudWatchLogGroup: new CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor({
           client: client as never,
+          stsClient: new FakeStsClient() as never,
           expectedPrefix: "af-e2e-abc123",
         }),
       },
@@ -102,6 +120,7 @@ describe("CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor", () => {
   it("treats already absent log groups as idempotent success", async () => {
     const result = await new CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor({
       client: new FakeLogsClient("absent") as never,
+      stsClient: new FakeStsClient() as never,
       expectedPrefix: "af-e2e-abc123",
     }).execute(action());
 
@@ -136,6 +155,7 @@ describe("CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor", () => {
       executors: {
         deleteCloudWatchLogGroup: new CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor({
           client: new FakeLogsClient("fails") as never,
+          stsClient: new FakeStsClient() as never,
           expectedPrefix: "af-e2e-abc123",
         }),
       },
@@ -168,4 +188,98 @@ describe("CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor", () => {
     expect(JSON.stringify(result)).not.toContain("af-e2e-abc123-logs");
     expect(JSON.stringify(result)).not.toContain("123456789012");
   });
+
+  it("blocks and issues no delete when the client account differs from the resource", async () => {
+    const client = new FakeLogsClient();
+    const result = await new CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor({
+      client: client as never,
+      stsClient: new FakeStsClient("999999999999") as never,
+      expectedPrefix: "af-e2e-abc123",
+    }).execute(action());
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe("blocked");
+    expect(result.message).toMatch(/account/i);
+    expect(client.commands.some((command) => command instanceof DescribeLogGroupsCommand)).toBe(
+      false,
+    );
+    expect(client.commands.some((command) => command instanceof DeleteLogGroupCommand)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("blocks and issues no delete when the client region differs from the resource", async () => {
+    const client = new FakeLogsClient("exists", "us-west-2");
+    const result = await new CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor({
+      client: client as never,
+      stsClient: new FakeStsClient() as never,
+      expectedPrefix: "af-e2e-abc123",
+    }).execute(action());
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe("blocked");
+    expect(result.message).toMatch(/region/i);
+    expect(client.commands).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it("proceeds when client account and region match the resource (happy path)", async () => {
+    const client = new FakeLogsClient();
+    const result = await new CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor({
+      client: client as never,
+      stsClient: new FakeStsClient() as never,
+      expectedPrefix: "af-e2e-abc123",
+    }).execute(action());
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({
+      actionId: "action-0000",
+      status: "succeeded",
+      counts: { deletedLogGroups: 1, alreadyAbsent: 0 },
+    });
+    expect(client.commands.some((command) => command instanceof DeleteLogGroupCommand)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("fails closed and issues no delete when the resource account or region is missing", async () => {
+    const client = new FakeLogsClient();
+    const noAccount = await new CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor({
+      client: client as never,
+      stsClient: new FakeStsClient() as never,
+      expectedPrefix: "af-e2e-abc123",
+    }).execute({
+      ...action(),
+      resource: {
+        provider: "aws",
+        type: "aws:cloudwatch/logGroup:LogGroup",
+        physicalId: "af-e2e-abc123-logs",
+        region: "us-east-1",
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(noAccount.status).toBe("blocked");
+    expect(client.commands).toHaveLength(0);
+
+    const noRegion = await new CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor({
+      client: client as never,
+      stsClient: new FakeStsClient() as never,
+      expectedPrefix: "af-e2e-abc123",
+    }).execute({
+      ...action(),
+      resource: {
+        provider: "aws",
+        type: "aws:cloudwatch/logGroup:LogGroup",
+        physicalId: "af-e2e-abc123-logs",
+        accountId: "123456789012",
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(noRegion.status).toBe("blocked");
+    expect(client.commands).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it("fails closed when STS identity resolution throws", async () => {
+    const client = new FakeLogsClient();
+    const result = await new CloudWatchLogGroupExecutor({
+      client: client as never,
+      stsClient: new FakeStsClient("throws") as never,
+      expectedPrefix: "af-e2e-abc123",
+    }).execute(action());
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe("blocked");
+    expect(client.commands).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
 });

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import { discoverReconcileTargets, isSecuritySingletonType } from "../src/discovery";
+import {
+  OrphanReconciler,
+  type ReconcileActionExecutor,
+  type ReconcileActionResult,
+  type ReconcileTarget,
+} from "../src/reconciler";
+
+const NOW = new Date("2026-05-08T12:00:00.000Z");
+
+class NoopDeleteExecutor implements ReconcileActionExecutor {
+  async execute(): Promise<ReconcileActionResult> {
+    return { actionId: "x", status: "succeeded" };
+  }
+}
+
+function cloudOnlyTarget(type: string, physicalId: string): ReconcileTarget {
+  return {
+    inState: false,
+    existsInCloud: true,
+    identity: {
+      provider: "aws",
+      type,
+      physicalId,
+      region: "us-east-1",
+      accountId: "123456789012",
+      createdAt: "2026-05-08T10:00:00.000Z",
+      tags: { "hulumi:component": "AccountFoundation" },
+    },
+    ownership: [
+      { signal: "name-prefix", subject: physicalId, confidence: "high" },
+      { signal: "tag", subject: "hulumi:component=AccountFoundation", confidence: "high" },
+    ],
+  };
+}
+
+function planFor(targets: ReconcileTarget[], allowSingletonDelete = false) {
+  return new OrphanReconciler({
+    executors: {
+      deleteGuardDutyDetector: new NoopDeleteExecutor(),
+      deleteSecurityHubHub: new NoopDeleteExecutor(),
+    },
+  }).plan({
+    now: NOW,
+    nonce: "fixed",
+    mode: "sweep-only",
+    scope: {
+      resourcePrefix: "af-e2e-abc123",
+      regions: ["us-east-1"],
+      accountIds: ["123456789012"],
+      minAgeMinutes: 15,
+      allowSingletonDelete,
+    },
+    targets,
+  });
+}
+
+describe("isSecuritySingletonType", () => {
+  it("matches only the security-control singleton services", () => {
+    expect(isSecuritySingletonType("aws:guardduty/detector:Detector")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isSecuritySingletonType("aws:securityhub/account:Account")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isSecuritySingletonType("aws:s3/bucket:Bucket")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isSecuritySingletonType("aws:guardduty/detector:DetectorFeature")).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("security singleton guard without a caller-supplied flag", () => {
+  for (const type of ["aws:guardduty/detector:Detector", "aws:securityhub/account:Account"]) {
+    it(`retains cloud-only ${type} with singleton UNSET and a delete executor registered`, () => {
+      const target = cloudOnlyTarget(type, "af-e2e-abc123-sec");
+      // No singleton flag from discovery/caller — pre-fix this slipped past.
+      expect(target.identity.singleton).toBeUndefined();
+
+      const plan = planFor([target]);
+
+      expect(plan.actions[0]?.type).toBe("retainSharedSingleton");
+      expect(plan.actions[0]?.recommendedAction).toBe("retainExternal");
+      expect(plan.actions[0]?.executable).toBe(false);
+      expect(plan.actions[0]?.blockedActions.map((b) => b.reason)).toContain(
+        "shared singleton deletion is disabled",
+      );
+    });
+
+    it(`still allows ${type} teardown when scope.allowSingletonDelete=true`, () => {
+      const plan = planFor([cloudOnlyTarget(type, "af-e2e-abc123-sec")], true);
+
+      expect(plan.actions[0]?.recommendedAction).toBe("deleteCloudResource");
+      expect(plan.actions[0]?.type).toMatch(/^delete(GuardDutyDetector|SecurityHubHub)$/);
+      expect(plan.actions[0]?.executable).toBe(true);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+describe("discovery infers singleton from security-control type", () => {
+  it("marks a cloud-only GuardDuty detector as shared-singleton with no caller flag", () => {
+    const result = discoverReconcileTargets({
+      scope: { resourcePrefix: "af-e2e-abc123" },
+      pulumiState: { resources: [] },
+      cloudResources: [
+        {
+          provider: "aws",
+          type: "aws:securityhub/account:Account",
+          physicalId: "af-e2e-abc123-sechub",
+          tags: { "hulumi:component": "AccountFoundation" },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(result.targets[0]?.relationship).toBe("shared-singleton");
+    expect(result.targets[0]?.identity.singleton).toBe(true);
+
+    const plan = new OrphanReconciler({
+      executors: { deleteSecurityHubHub: new NoopDeleteExecutor() },
+    }).plan({
+      now: NOW,
+      mode: "sweep-only",
+      scope: { resourcePrefix: "af-e2e-abc123" },
+      targets: result.targets,
+    });
+    expect(plan.actions[0]?.recommendedAction).toBe("retainExternal");
+    expect(plan.actions[0]?.executable).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("infers singleton for state-owned security-control resources", () => {
+    const result = discoverReconcileTargets({
+      scope: { resourceTypes: ["aws:guardduty/detector:Detector"] },
+      pulumiState: {
+        resources: [
+          {
+            urn: "urn:pulumi:s::p::aws:guardduty/detector:Detector::d",
+            type: "aws:guardduty/detector:Detector",
+            id: "detector-1",
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+      cloudResources: [
+        {
+          provider: "aws",
+          type: "aws:guardduty/detector:Detector",
+          physicalId: "detector-1",
+          region: "us-east-1",
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(result.targets[0]?.identity.singleton).toBe(true);
+  });
+});

@@ -19,17 +19,17 @@ The exact `@pulumi/*` versions match `peerDependencies`.
 
 ## Components
 
-| Component                               | Purpose                                                                                        |
-| --------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `HardenedHelmRelease`                   | Helm release with PSA-baseline labels, SHA-pinned chart digest, default release-name stability |
-| `MetricsServer`                         | Kubernetes Metrics API install for HPA telemetry with secure-by-default APIService TLS         |
-| `EksSubnetTagger`                       | Auto-tag EKS-bound subnets with `kubernetes.io/role/{,internal-}elb`                           |
-| `EksAdminAccessPath`                    | Auditable EKS operator access path for private or restricted-public control-plane hardening    |
-| `IstioFoundation`                       | Bundled hardened Istio install (`istiod` + `istio-cni` + `ingressgateway`, PSA-baseline-clean) |
-| `AlbMeshedHttpEntrypoint`               | ALB Ingress + Istio `Gateway` + `VirtualService` + `AuthorizationPolicy` for one workload      |
-| `KubernetesSecretFromAwsSecretsManager` | K8s `Secret` from an AWS Secrets Manager value, fail-closed on JSON-shape violations           |
-| `RdsCredentialSecret`                   | Extract RDS auto-managed master credential into a K8s `Secret` with fail-closed semantics      |
-| `GitHubAppCredential`                   | Secrets Manager container + JWT-mint helper bundle for GitHub App credential rotation          |
+| Component                               | Purpose                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| --------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `HardenedHelmRelease`                   | Helm release with exact chart-version pinning (no `latest`, no semver ranges), enforced `https://`/`oci://` repository scheme, PSA-baseline labels, default release-name stability |
+| `MetricsServer`                         | Kubernetes Metrics API install for HPA telemetry with secure-by-default APIService TLS                                                                                             |
+| `EksSubnetTagger`                       | Auto-tag EKS-bound subnets with `kubernetes.io/role/{,internal-}elb`                                                                                                               |
+| `EksAdminAccessPath`                    | Auditable EKS operator access path for private or restricted-public control-plane hardening                                                                                        |
+| `IstioFoundation`                       | Bundled hardened Istio install (`istiod` + `istio-cni` + `ingressgateway`, PSA-baseline-clean)                                                                                     |
+| `AlbMeshedHttpEntrypoint`               | ALB Ingress + Istio `Gateway` + `VirtualService` + `AuthorizationPolicy` for one workload                                                                                          |
+| `KubernetesSecretFromAwsSecretsManager` | K8s `Secret` from an AWS Secrets Manager value, fail-closed on JSON-shape violations                                                                                               |
+| `RdsCredentialSecret`                   | Extract RDS auto-managed master credential into a K8s `Secret` with fail-closed semantics                                                                                          |
+| `GitHubAppCredential`                   | Secrets Manager container + JWT-mint helper bundle for GitHub App credential rotation                                                                                              |
 
 ## Quick-start — `IstioFoundation`
 

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// Self-contained CIDR validation + internet-coverage detection.
+//
+// A fail-closed control that keys on exact-literal membership (e.g.
+// `["0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"]`) is trivially bypassed by a semantically
+// equivalent split: `["0.0.0.0/1", "128.0.0.0/1"]` collectively covers
+// the entire IPv4 space but neither entry matches the literal `0.0.0.0/0`.
+//
+// This helper parses each CIDR to a numeric (network, prefixLen) pair and
+// asks the real question: does the union of the supplied ranges cover the
+// entire address family? No external dependency (BigInt-only) so this does
+// not trip the exact-pin / cooling-off supply-chain gate.
+
+export type IpFamily = "ipv4" | "ipv6";
+
+interface ParsedCidr {
+  family: IpFamily;
+  /** First address in the block, as a BigInt. */
+  start: bigint;
+  /** Last address in the block, as a BigInt. */
+  end: bigint;
+  prefixLen: number;
+}
+
+const IPV4_BITS = 32n;
+const IPV6_BITS = 128n;
+const IPV4_MAX = (1n << IPV4_BITS) - 1n;
+const IPV6_MAX = (1n << IPV6_BITS) - 1n;
+
+function parseIpv4(addr: string): bigint | undefined {
+  const parts = addr.split(".");
+  if (parts.length !== 4) return undefined;
+  let value = 0n;
+  for (const part of parts) {
+    // Reject empty, non-numeric, leading-zero ("01"), or out-of-range octets.
+    if (!/^\d{1,3}$/.test(part)) return undefined;
+    if (part.length > 1 && part.startsWith("0")) return undefined;
+    const n = Number(part);
+    if (n > 255) return undefined;
+    value = (value << 8n) | BigInt(n);
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+function parseIpv6(addr: string): bigint | undefined {
+  // No embedded IPv4-in-IPv6 (e.g. ::ffff:1.2.3.4) handling: CIDR entries
+  // for SG/endpoint allow-lists are hextet form in practice. Reject the
+  // dotted-quad tail rather than silently mis-parse it.
+  if (addr.includes(".")) return undefined;
+  const doubleColonCount = (addr.match(/::/g) ?? []).length;
+  if (doubleColonCount > 1) return undefined;
+
+  let head: string[];
+  let tail: string[];
+  if (doubleColonCount === 1) {
+    const [h, t] = addr.split("::");
+    head = h === "" ? [] : h.split(":");
+    tail = t === "" ? [] : t.split(":");
+  } else {
+    head = addr.split(":");
+    tail = [];
+  }
+
+  const hextets = [...head, ...tail];
+  if (doubleColonCount === 0 && hextets.length !== 8) return undefined;
+  if (doubleColonCount === 1 && hextets.length >= 8) return undefined;
+  if (head.length + tail.length > 8) return undefined;
+
+  for (const h of hextets) {
+    if (!/^[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}$/.test(h)) return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const zeros = 8 - (head.length + tail.length);
+  const full = [...head, ...Array<string>(doubleColonCount === 1 ? zeros : 0).fill("0"), ...tail];
+  if (full.length !== 8) return undefined;
+
+  let value = 0n;
+  for (const h of full) {
+    value = (value << 16n) | BigInt(parseInt(h, 16));
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a single CIDR string. Returns `undefined` for any syntactically
+ * malformed input (the previous control accepted any non-blank string).
+ */
+export function parseCidr(cidr: string): ParsedCidr | undefined {
+  const slash = cidr.indexOf("/");
+  if (slash === -1) return undefined;
+  const addrPart = cidr.slice(0, slash);
+  const prefixPart = cidr.slice(slash + 1);
+  if (!/^\d{1,3}$/.test(prefixPart)) return undefined;
+  if (prefixPart.length > 1 && prefixPart.startsWith("0")) return undefined;
+  const prefixLen = Number(prefixPart);
+
+  const isV6 = addrPart.includes(":");
+  if (isV6) {
+    const value = parseIpv6(addrPart);
+    if (value === undefined || prefixLen > 128) return undefined;
+    const hostBits = IPV6_BITS - BigInt(prefixLen);
+    const mask = hostBits === 0n ? 0n : (1n << hostBits) - 1n;
+    // Reject CIDRs whose host bits are set (non-canonical network address).
+    if ((value & mask) !== 0n) return undefined;
+    return {
+      family: "ipv6",
+      start: value,
+      end: value | mask,
+      prefixLen,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const value = parseIpv4(addrPart);
+  if (value === undefined || prefixLen > 32) return undefined;
+  const hostBits = IPV4_BITS - BigInt(prefixLen);
+  const mask = hostBits === 0n ? 0n : (1n << hostBits) - 1n;
+  if ((value & mask) !== 0n) return undefined;
+  return {
+    family: "ipv4",
+    start: value,
+    end: value | mask,
+    prefixLen,
+  };
+}
+
+export interface CidrCoverageResult {
+  /** A malformed CIDR string, if any was supplied. */
+  malformed?: string;
+  /** True if the supplied set covers the entire address space of a family. */
+  coversInternet: boolean;
+  /** Which family the full-coverage union belongs to (if `coversInternet`). */
+  family?: IpFamily;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decide whether `values` (a mixed IPv4/IPv6 CIDR list) collectively covers
+ * the entire address space of either family, or contains a malformed entry.
+ *
+ * Coverage is computed per family by merging sorted [start,end] intervals and
+ * checking the merged span equals the full family range. A single entry with
+ * prefix length 0 trivially covers its family; so does any union of narrower
+ * blocks whose ranges merge to the whole space (the split-range bypass).
+ */
+export function analyzeCidrCoverage(values: readonly string[]): CidrCoverageResult {
+  const byFamily: Record<IpFamily, ParsedCidr[]> = { ipv4: [], ipv6: [] };
+
+  for (const raw of values) {
+    const parsed = parseCidr(raw);
+    if (parsed === undefined) {
+      return { malformed: raw, coversInternet: false };
+    }
+    byFamily[parsed.family].push(parsed);
+  }
+
+  for (const family of ["ipv4", "ipv6"] as const) {
+    const blocks = byFamily[family];
+    if (blocks.length === 0) continue;
+    const familyMax = family === "ipv4" ? IPV4_MAX : IPV6_MAX;
+
+    const sorted = [...blocks].sort((a, b) => (a.start < b.start ? -1 : a.start > b.start ? 1 : 0));
+
+    // The whole space starts at 0; if the lowest block does not, no full
+    // coverage is possible for this family.
+    if (sorted[0].start !== 0n) continue;
+
+    let covered = sorted[0].end;
+    for (let i = 1; i < sorted.length; i++) {
+      const next = sorted[i];
+      // A gap exists only when the next block starts strictly beyond
+      // covered+1; adjacent or overlapping blocks extend coverage.
+      if (next.start > covered + 1n) break;
+      if (next.end > covered) covered = next.end;
+    }
+    if (covered >= familyMax) {
+      return { coversInternet: true, family };
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { coversInternet: false };
+}

@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ import type {
   EksAdminAccessPathOutputs,
   EksEndpointAccessConfig,
 } from "./eks-admin-access-path.outputs";
+import { analyzeCidrCoverage } from "./cidr-coverage";
 
 export const EKS_ADMIN_ACCESS_PATH_COMPONENT_TYPE = "hulumi:k8s:EksAdminAccessPath";
 
 const HTTPS_PORT = 443;
 const DATE_ONLY_RE = /^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$/;
-const BROAD_CIDRS = new Set(["0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"]);
 const VALID_ENDPOINT_MODES: ReadonlySet<EksEndpointAccessMode> = new Set([
   "private",
   "restricted-public",
@@ -45,8 +45,27 @@ function normalizeStringList(field: string, values: string[] | undefined): strin
   });
 }
 
-function hasBroadCidr(values: string[]): string | undefined {
-  return values.find((value) => BROAD_CIDRS.has(value));
+/**
+ * Validate a CIDR list and decide whether it is "broad" — i.e. it covers the
+ * entire IPv4 or IPv6 address space. A bare-literal `0.0.0.0/0` / `::/0` set
+ * membership check is bypassed by a semantically equivalent split such as
+ * `["0.0.0.0/1", "128.0.0.0/1"]`, so coverage is computed by merging the
+ * parsed ranges. Malformed entries (previously any non-blank string was
+ * accepted) are rejected outright.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  - `{ malformed }` if any entry is not a syntactically valid CIDR,
+ *  - `{ broad: true }` if the union covers a whole address family,
+ *  - `{ broad: false }` otherwise.
+ */
+function classifyCidrs(name: string, field: string, values: string[]): { broad: boolean } {
+  const result = analyzeCidrCoverage(values);
+  if (result.malformed !== undefined) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `EksAdminAccessPath: ${field} contains a malformed/invalid CIDR "${result.malformed}" (component "${name}")`,
+    );
+  }
+  return { broad: result.coversInternet };
 }
 
 function requireTemporaryBroadPublicAccess(
@@ -117,11 +136,11 @@ function normalizeArgs(name: string, args: EksAdminAccessPathArgs): NormalizedAr
     );
   }
 
-  const broadPublicCidr = hasBroadCidr(publicAccessCidrs);
+  const publicCidrClass = classifyCidrs(name, "publicAccessCidrs", publicAccessCidrs);
   let temporaryBroadPublicAccess: TemporaryBroadPublicAccess | undefined;
-  if (broadPublicCidr !== undefined && endpointMode !== "public-temporary") {
+  if (publicCidrClass.broad && endpointMode !== "public-temporary") {
     throw new Error(
-      `EksAdminAccessPath: publicAccessCidrs contains ${broadPublicCidr}; use endpointMode "public-temporary" with temporaryBroadPublicAccess instead (component "${name}")`,
+      `EksAdminAccessPath: publicAccessCidrs covers the entire internet (e.g. 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0, or a split-range union); use endpointMode "public-temporary" with temporaryBroadPublicAccess instead (component "${name}")`,
     );
   }
   if (endpointMode === "public-temporary") {
@@ -135,13 +154,14 @@ function normalizeArgs(name: string, args: EksAdminAccessPathArgs): NormalizedAr
     );
   }
 
-  const broadOperatorCidr =
-    hasBroadCidr(operatorCidrBlocks) ?? hasBroadCidr(operatorIpv6CidrBlocks);
-  if (broadOperatorCidr !== undefined) {
-    const field =
-      broadOperatorCidr === "::/0" ? "operatorAccess.ipv6CidrBlocks" : "operatorAccess.cidrBlocks";
+  if (classifyCidrs(name, "operatorAccess.cidrBlocks", operatorCidrBlocks).broad) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `EksAdminAccessPath: operatorAccess.cidrBlocks covers the entire internet (e.g. 0.0.0.0/0 or a split-range union); broad control-plane SG ingress is refused (component "${name}")`,
+    );
+  }
+  if (classifyCidrs(name, "operatorAccess.ipv6CidrBlocks", operatorIpv6CidrBlocks).broad) {
     throw new Error(
-      `EksAdminAccessPath: ${field} contains ${broadOperatorCidr}; broad control-plane SG ingress is refused (component "${name}")`,
+      `EksAdminAccessPath: operatorAccess.ipv6CidrBlocks covers the entire internet (e.g. ::/0 or a split-range union); broad control-plane SG ingress is refused (component "${name}")`,
     );
   }
 

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ function validateArgs(args: MetricsServerArgs): void {
       throw new Error("MetricsServer: extraArgs must not contain empty strings");
     }
   }
-  if (extraArgs.includes("--kubelet-insecure-tls") && args.insecureKubeletTls === undefined) {
+  if (hasKubeletInsecureTlsFlag(extraArgs) && args.insecureKubeletTls === undefined) {
     throw new Error(
       "MetricsServer: --kubelet-insecure-tls requires insecureKubeletTls with a non-empty reason",
     );
@@ -60,6 +60,23 @@ function validateArgs(args: MetricsServerArgs): void {
   requireReason("insecureApiServiceTls", args.insecureApiServiceTls);
 }
 
+const KUBELET_INSECURE_TLS_FLAG = "--kubelet-insecure-tls";
+
+/**
+ * pflag accepts a boolean flag either bare (`--kubelet-insecure-tls`) or as a
+ * single argv token with an `=value` suffix (`--kubelet-insecure-tls=true`,
+ * `=1`, `=t`, `=TRUE`, …). An exact-literal `Array.includes` of the bare flag
+ * misses every `=value` form, letting the insecure flag reach Helm without the
+ * mandatory `insecureKubeletTls` reason. Treat any of these forms — including a
+ * contradictory explicit `=false` (the component owns this flag; passing it at
+ * all is a misconfig that must surface the opt-in) — as the insecure flag.
+ */
+function hasKubeletInsecureTlsFlag(extraArgs: readonly string[]): boolean {
+  return extraArgs.some(
+    (a) => a === KUBELET_INSECURE_TLS_FLAG || a.startsWith(`${KUBELET_INSECURE_TLS_FLAG}=`),
+  );
+}
+
 function setIfDefined(target: Record<string, unknown>, key: string, value: unknown): void {
   if (value !== undefined) {
     target[key] = value;
@@ -90,11 +107,8 @@ export class MetricsServer extends pulumi.ComponentResource implements MetricsSe
     );
 
     const chartArgs = [...(args.extraArgs ?? [])];
-    if (
-      args.insecureKubeletTls?.enabled === true &&
-      !chartArgs.includes("--kubelet-insecure-tls")
-    ) {
-      chartArgs.push("--kubelet-insecure-tls");
+    if (args.insecureKubeletTls?.enabled === true && !hasKubeletInsecureTlsFlag(chartArgs)) {
+      chartArgs.push(KUBELET_INSECURE_TLS_FLAG);
     }
 
     const values: Record<string, unknown> = {

@@ -151,4 +151,83 @@ describe("EksAdminAccessPath — invalid input refusals", () => {
         }),
     ).toThrow(/clusterSecurityGroupId is required/);
   });
+
+  test("Scenario: restricted public endpoint rejects split-range full IPv4 coverage", () => {
+    expect(
+      () =>
+        new EksAdminAccessPath("admin-path", {
+          clusterName: "prod-eks",
+          endpointMode: "restricted-public",
+          publicAccessCidrs: ["0.0.0.0/1", "128.0.0.0/1"],
+        }),
+    ).toThrow(/public-temporary/);
+  });
+
+  test("Scenario: operator cidrBlocks reject split-range full IPv4 coverage", () => {
+    expect(
+      () =>
+        new EksAdminAccessPath("admin-path", {
+          clusterName: "prod-eks",
+          endpointMode: "private",
+          clusterSecurityGroupId: "sg-cluster",
+          operatorAccess: {
+            cidrBlocks: ["0.0.0.0/1", "128.0.0.0/1"],
+          },
+        }),
+    ).toThrow(/operatorAccess\.cidrBlocks.*broad control-plane SG ingress is refused/);
+  });
+
+  test("Scenario: operator ipv6CidrBlocks reject split-range full IPv6 coverage", () => {
+    expect(
+      () =>
+        new EksAdminAccessPath("admin-path", {
+          clusterName: "prod-eks",
+          endpointMode: "private",
+          clusterSecurityGroupId: "sg-cluster",
+          operatorAccess: {
+            ipv6CidrBlocks: ["::/1", "8000::/1"],
+          },
+        }),
+    ).toThrow(/operatorAccess\.ipv6CidrBlocks.*broad control-plane SG ingress is refused/);
+  });
+
+  test("Scenario: malformed CIDR is rejected", () => {
+    expect(
+      () =>
+        new EksAdminAccessPath("admin-path", {
+          clusterName: "prod-eks",
+          endpointMode: "restricted-public",
+          publicAccessCidrs: ["999.0.0.0/8"],
+        }),
+    ).toThrow(/malformed|invalid CIDR/i);
+  });
+
+  test("Scenario: missing prefix length is rejected as malformed", () => {
+    expect(
+      () =>
+        new EksAdminAccessPath("admin-path", {
+          clusterName: "prod-eks",
+          endpointMode: "restricted-public",
+          publicAccessCidrs: ["203.0.113.10"],
+        }),
+    ).toThrow(/malformed|invalid CIDR/i);
+  });
+
+  test("Scenario: canonical single 0.0.0.0/0 under public-temporary exception still accepted", async () => {
+    const c = new EksAdminAccessPath("admin-path", {
+      clusterName: "prod-eks",
+      endpointMode: "public-temporary",
+      publicAccessCidrs: ["0.0.0.0/0"],
+      temporaryBroadPublicAccess: {
+        reason: "bootstrap operator VPN",
+        expiresOn: "2026-06-30",
+      },
+    });
+
+    await settlePulumi();
+
+    expect(await valueOf(c.endpointPublicAccess)).toBe(true);
+    expect(await valueOf(c.publicAccessCidrs)).toEqual(["0.0.0.0/0"]);
+    expect(await valueOf(c.policyExceptionReason)).toMatch(/bootstrap operator VPN/);
+  });
 });

@@ -82,6 +82,23 @@ describe("MetricsServer — happy paths", () => {
     expect(await valueOf(metrics.insecureApiServiceTlsReason)).toMatch(/temporary bootstrap/);
   });
 
+  test("explicit =true kubelet flag with a supplied reason records the reason", async () => {
+    const metrics = new MetricsServer("cluster-metrics", {
+      extraArgs: ["--kubelet-insecure-tls=true"],
+      insecureKubeletTls: {
+        enabled: true,
+        reason: "node serving certs rotating during bootstrap",
+      },
+    });
+    await settlePulumi();
+
+    const releaseReg = registrations.find((r) => r.type === "kubernetes:helm.sh/v3:Release");
+    const values = releaseReg!.inputs.values as Record<string, unknown>;
+    // The auto-append guard must recognise the =true form and NOT duplicate.
+    expect(values.args).toEqual(["--kubelet-insecure-tls=true"]);
+    expect(await valueOf(metrics.insecureKubeletTlsReason)).toMatch(/node serving certs rotating/);
+  });
+
   test("outputs expose the metrics APIService name and chart version", async () => {
     const metrics = new MetricsServer("cluster-metrics");
     await settlePulumi();
@@ -121,6 +138,30 @@ describe("MetricsServer — invalid input refusals", () => {
     ).toThrow(/requires insecureKubeletTls with a non-empty reason/);
   });
 
+  test("kubelet insecure TLS flag in =true form requires explicit reason", () => {
+    expect(
+      () => new MetricsServer("cluster-metrics", { extraArgs: ["--kubelet-insecure-tls=true"] }),
+    ).toThrow(/requires insecureKubeletTls with a non-empty reason/);
+  });
+
+  test("kubelet insecure TLS flag in =TRUE form requires explicit reason", () => {
+    expect(
+      () => new MetricsServer("cluster-metrics", { extraArgs: ["--kubelet-insecure-tls=TRUE"] }),
+    ).toThrow(/requires insecureKubeletTls with a non-empty reason/);
+  });
+
+  test("kubelet insecure TLS flag in =1 form requires explicit reason", () => {
+    expect(
+      () => new MetricsServer("cluster-metrics", { extraArgs: ["--kubelet-insecure-tls=1"] }),
+    ).toThrow(/requires insecureKubeletTls with a non-empty reason/);
+  });
+
+  test("contradictory --kubelet-insecure-tls=false still requires explicit opt-in", () => {
+    expect(
+      () => new MetricsServer("cluster-metrics", { extraArgs: ["--kubelet-insecure-tls=false"] }),
+    ).toThrow(/requires insecureKubeletTls with a non-empty reason/);
+  });
+
   test("insecure opt-in requires a reason", () => {
     expect(
       () =>

@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@
 
 import type { ResourceValidationPolicy } from "@pulumi/policy";
 
+import { isUrnChildOfComponent } from "../urn";
+
 const CIS_DOCS = "https://www.cisecurity.org/benchmark/amazon_web_services";
+const HULUMI_SECURE_BUCKET_TYPE = "hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket";
 
 const S3_BUCKET_TYPES = ["aws:s3/bucket:Bucket", "aws:s3/bucketV2:BucketV2"] as const;
 
@@ -161,7 +164,11 @@ export const cis_2_1_1_ssePresent: ResourceValidationPolicy = {
   enforcementLevel: "advisory",
   validateResource: (args, reportViolation) => {
     if (!(S3_BUCKET_TYPES as readonly string[]).includes(args.type)) return;
-    if (args.urn.includes("hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$")) return;
+    // Anchored URN type-chain check — see ../urn.ts. The previous
+    // `args.urn.includes("hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$")` matched the
+    // operator-controlled logical-name suffix and let a raw bucket named
+    // `hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$x` silence this advisory.
+    if (isUrnChildOfComponent(args.urn, HULUMI_SECURE_BUCKET_TYPE)) return;
     reportViolation(
       violation(
         "CIS-AWS-v5.0.0:2.1.1",
@@ -179,7 +186,11 @@ export const cis_2_1_5_tlsOnly: ResourceValidationPolicy = {
   enforcementLevel: "advisory",
   validateResource: (args, reportViolation) => {
     if (!(S3_BUCKET_TYPES as readonly string[]).includes(args.type)) return;
-    if (args.urn.includes("hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$")) return;
+    // Anchored URN type-chain check — see ../urn.ts. The previous
+    // `args.urn.includes("hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$")` matched the
+    // operator-controlled logical-name suffix and let a raw bucket named
+    // `hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$x` silence this advisory.
+    if (isUrnChildOfComponent(args.urn, HULUMI_SECURE_BUCKET_TYPE)) return;
     reportViolation(
       violation(
         "CIS-AWS-v5.0.0:2.1.5",

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import type {
 
 import type { PackMetadata, EnforcementLevel } from "../metadata";
 import { matchSuppression, type Suppression } from "./suppressions";
+import { urnsShareParentComponent } from "../urn";
 
 export const HULUMI_SECURE_BUCKET_TYPE = "hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket";
 export const RAW_S3_BUCKET_TYPES = ["aws:s3/bucket:Bucket", "aws:s3/bucketV2:BucketV2"] as const;
@@ -184,11 +185,10 @@ export const h4StartupHardenedRequiresLogging: StackValidationPolicy = {
     });
     for (const bucket of hardenedBuckets) {
       if (matchSuppression("HULUMI-H4", bucket.urn, suppressions).suppressed) continue;
-      const parentPrefix = bucket.urn.split("$")[0];
       const loggingSibling = args.resources.find(
         (r: PolicyResource) =>
           (BUCKET_LOGGING_TYPES as readonly string[]).includes(r.type) &&
-          r.urn.startsWith(parentPrefix),
+          urnsShareParentComponent(bucket.urn, r.urn),
       );
       if (!loggingSibling) {
         reportViolation(
@@ -264,6 +264,69 @@ function isTlsOnlyPolicy(props: Record<string, unknown>): boolean {
   });
 }
 
+// Value-binding helpers for H5: a sibling resource that has the right type
+// and shape proves NOTHING unless it actually points at the exempted bucket.
+// Without this, an attacker who forges a SecureBucket-typed parent can also
+// add five decoy siblings (PublicAccessBlock + SSE + ownership + versioning
+// + policy) targeting a *different* bucket — H5 finds the decoys via shared
+// parent URN and reports no violation, while the actually-exempted raw
+// bucket is fully unhardened. The siblings' `bucket` prop and the bucket
+// policy's `Resource` ARNs must reference the exempted bucket explicitly.
+function bucketTargetCandidates(bucket: PolicyResource): Set<string> {
+  const out = new Set<string>();
+  if (typeof bucket.name === "string" && bucket.name !== "") out.add(bucket.name);
+  const props = (bucket.props ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
+  const bucketProp = props.bucket;
+  if (typeof bucketProp === "string" && bucketProp !== "") out.add(bucketProp);
+  const idProp = props.id;
+  if (typeof idProp === "string" && idProp !== "") out.add(idProp);
+  return out;
+}
+
+function bucketControlTargetsBucket(
+  props: Record<string, unknown>,
+  bucket: PolicyResource,
+): boolean {
+  const target = props.bucket;
+  if (typeof target !== "string" || target === "") return false;
+  return bucketTargetCandidates(bucket).has(target);
+}
+
+function isTlsOnlyPolicyForBucket(props: Record<string, unknown>, bucket: PolicyResource): boolean {
+  if (!bucketControlTargetsBucket(props, bucket)) return false;
+  let doc: unknown = props.policy;
+  if (typeof doc === "string") {
+    try {
+      doc = JSON.parse(doc);
+    } catch {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  const statements = asRecord(doc)?.Statement;
+  const list = Array.isArray(statements) ? statements : [];
+  // The Resource block on the relevant Deny statement must cover both the
+  // bucket ARN and the object ARN of the exempted bucket — otherwise the
+  // policy can name a Deny on a *different* bucket and still pass.
+  const candidates = bucketTargetCandidates(bucket);
+  return list.some((raw) => {
+    const stmt = asRecord(raw);
+    if (stmt?.Effect !== "Deny") return false;
+    const secureTransport = asRecord(asRecord(stmt.Condition)?.Bool)?.["aws:SecureTransport"];
+    if (!(secureTransport === "false" || secureTransport === false)) return false;
+    const resources: unknown = stmt.Resource;
+    const resourceList: unknown[] = Array.isArray(resources) ? resources : [resources];
+    let coversBucket = false;
+    let coversObjects = false;
+    for (const candidate of candidates) {
+      const bucketArn = `arn:aws:s3:::${candidate}`;
+      const objectArn = `${bucketArn}/*`;
+      if (resourceList.some((entry) => entry === bucketArn)) coversBucket = true;
+      if (resourceList.some((entry) => entry === objectArn)) coversObjects = true;
+    }
+    return coversBucket && coversObjects;
+  });
+}
+
 // H5 — defense in depth for the H1 SecureBucket exemption.
 //
 // H1's exemption (isSecureBucketManagedBucketUrn) keys only on a Pulumi
@@ -291,30 +354,61 @@ export const h5SecureBucketExemptionRequiresHardening: StackValidationPolicy = {
     });
     for (const bucket of exemptedBuckets) {
       if (matchSuppression("HULUMI-H5", bucket.urn, suppressions).suppressed) continue;
-      const parentPrefix = bucket.urn.split("$")[0];
+      // Every sibling check is BOTH structural (anchored parent-component
+      // type-chain match, not unanchored URN prefix) AND value-binding
+      // (sibling's `bucket` prop, or for the policy its `Resource` block,
+      // must reference the exempted bucket explicitly). The old
+      // `urn.startsWith(bucket.urn.split("$")[0])` form was forgeable in
+      // two ways: (a) a sibling parented under an unrelated component
+      // could share the string prefix; (b) without value binding, any
+      // siblings under the same forged wrapper that targeted a *different*
+      // bucket satisfied the check while the exempted bucket stayed raw.
       const sibling = (
         types: readonly string[],
-        ok: (props: Record<string, unknown>) => boolean,
+        ok: (props: Record<string, unknown>, bucketRes: PolicyResource) => boolean,
       ): boolean =>
         args.resources.some(
           (r: PolicyResource) =>
             types.includes(r.type) &&
-            r.urn.startsWith(parentPrefix) &&
-            ok((r.props ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>),
+            urnsShareParentComponent(bucket.urn, r.urn) &&
+            ok((r.props ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>, bucket),
         );
 
       const missing: string[] = [];
-      if (!sibling(BUCKET_PAB_TYPES, isAllPublicAccessBlocked)) {
+      if (
+        !sibling(
+          BUCKET_PAB_TYPES,
+          (p, b) => bucketControlTargetsBucket(p, b) && isAllPublicAccessBlocked(p),
+        )
+      ) {
         missing.push("all-true BucketPublicAccessBlock");
       }
-      if (!sibling(BUCKET_SSE_TYPES, isKmsSse)) missing.push("SSE-KMS encryption");
-      if (!sibling(BUCKET_OWNERSHIP_TYPES, isOwnerEnforced)) {
+      if (!sibling(BUCKET_SSE_TYPES, (p, b) => bucketControlTargetsBucket(p, b) && isKmsSse(p))) {
+        missing.push("SSE-KMS encryption");
+      }
+      if (
+        !sibling(
+          BUCKET_OWNERSHIP_TYPES,
+          (p, b) => bucketControlTargetsBucket(p, b) && isOwnerEnforced(p),
+        )
+      ) {
         missing.push("BucketOwnerEnforced ownership controls");
       }
-      if (!sibling(BUCKET_VERSIONING_TYPES, isVersioningEnabled)) {
+      if (
+        !sibling(
+          BUCKET_VERSIONING_TYPES,
+          (p, b) => bucketControlTargetsBucket(p, b) && isVersioningEnabled(p),
+        )
+      ) {
         missing.push("enabled bucket versioning");
       }
-      if (!sibling(BUCKET_POLICY_TYPES, isTlsOnlyPolicy)) missing.push("TLS-only bucket policy");
+      if (!sibling(BUCKET_POLICY_TYPES, isTlsOnlyPolicyForBucket)) {
+        missing.push("TLS-only bucket policy bound to this bucket");
+      }
+      // `isTlsOnlyPolicy` is kept exported for backwards-compat in case
+      // out-of-tree callers still reference it; H5 itself now uses the
+      // bound variant exclusively.
+      void isTlsOnlyPolicy;
 
       if (missing.length > 0) {
         reportViolation(

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type {
 
 import type { PackMetadata } from "../metadata";
 import { matchSuppression, type Suppression } from "../aws/suppressions";
+import { isUrnChildOfComponent } from "../urn";
 
 export const CF_DNS_1_RULE_ID = "CF_DNS_1_NO_DNS_ONLY_PUBLIC_APP_RECORD";
 export const CF_DNSSEC_1_RULE_ID = "CF_DNSSEC_1_REQUIRE_PUBLIC_ZONE_DNSSEC";
@@ -39,7 +40,12 @@ function isDnsRecordType(type: string): boolean {
 }
 
 function isChildOf(urn: string, componentType: string): boolean {
-  return urn.includes(`${componentType}$`);
+  // Anchored URN type-chain check — see ../urn.ts. The previous form
+  // `urn.includes(\`${componentType}$\`)` matched a substring anywhere in
+  // the URN, including the operator-controlled logical-name suffix, so a
+  // raw DnsRecord / zone named `hulumi:cloudflare:PublicHostname$x` could
+  // bypass CF_DNS_1 / CF_DNSSEC_1.
+  return isUrnChildOfComponent(urn, componentType);
 }
 
 function stringArrayIncludes(value: unknown, needle: string): boolean {

@@ -5,16 +5,16 @@
 
 export const GITHUB_OIDC_ISSUER_HOST = "token.actions.githubusercontent.com";
 
-// Extract the OIDC-provider host from a trust-policy `Principal.Federated`
-// value (an IAM OIDC-provider ARN
+// Extract the OIDC-provider host from a single trust-policy
+// `Principal.Federated` entry (an IAM OIDC-provider ARN
 // `arn:aws:iam::<acct>:oidc-provider/<host>[/...]`, or a raw issuer URL)
 // and compare it EXACTLY to the GitHub Actions issuer host. An unanchored
 // `String(...).includes("token.actions.githubusercontent.com")` substring
 // test would also match a crafted
 // `.../oidc-provider/token.actions.githubusercontent.com.evil.com` or
 // `.../oidc-provider/evil.com/token.actions.githubusercontent.com`.
-export function federatedIsGithubOidc(federated: string): boolean {
-  let host = federated;
+function federatedEntryIsGithubOidc(entry: string): boolean {
+  let host = entry;
   const marker = "oidc-provider/";
   const idx = host.indexOf(marker);
   if (idx !== -1) host = host.slice(idx + marker.length);
@@ -23,3 +23,19 @@ export function federatedIsGithubOidc(federated: string): boolean {
   if (slash !== -1) host = host.slice(0, slash);
   return host === GITHUB_OIDC_ISSUER_HOST;
 }
+
+// AWS IAM `Principal.Federated` may be a single string OR an array of
+// federated-provider strings. A trust policy listing the real GitHub OIDC
+// provider ARN alongside another provider must still be treated as
+// GitHub-OIDC-trusted; a lossy `String(...)` coercion comma-joins arrays
+// and bypasses the anchored host match. Match if ANY array element is a
+// string identifying the GitHub Actions issuer.
+export function federatedIsGithubOidc(federated: unknown): boolean {
+  if (Array.isArray(federated)) {
+    return federated.some(
+      (entry) => typeof entry === "string" && federatedEntryIsGithubOidc(entry),
+    );
+  }
+  if (typeof federated === "string") return federatedEntryIsGithubOidc(federated);
+  return false;
+}

@@ -84,8 +84,7 @@ function inspectAwsIamTrustPolicy(
     const s = stmt as Record<string, unknown>;
     const principal = s.Principal as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
     if (!principal || principal.Federated === undefined) continue;
-    const fed = String(principal.Federated);
-    if (!federatedIsGithubOidc(fed)) continue;
+    if (!federatedIsGithubOidc(principal.Federated)) continue;
     const conds = s.Condition as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
     if (!conds || typeof conds !== "object") continue;
     for (const [operator, rawCondition] of Object.entries(conds)) {

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ export function trustPolicyTrustsGithubOidc(assumeRolePolicy: unknown): boolean
       | Record<string, unknown>
       | undefined;
     if (!principal || principal.Federated === undefined) continue;
-    if (federatedIsGithubOidc(String(principal.Federated))) return true;
+    if (federatedIsGithubOidc(principal.Federated)) return true;
   }
   return false;
 }

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import type { ResourceValidationPolicy, StackValidationPolicy } from "@pulumi/po
 import { matchSuppression, type Suppression } from "./suppressions";
 import { G_OIDC_1 } from "./g-oidc-1";
 import { G_OIDC_2 } from "./g-oidc-2";
+import { isUrnChildOfComponent } from "../urn";
 
 const HULUMI_SECURE_REPOSITORY_TYPE = "hulumi:baseline:github:SecureRepository";
 const HULUMI_ORG_FOUNDATION_TYPE = "hulumi:baseline:github:OrgFoundation";
@@ -30,11 +31,17 @@ function readSuppressions(config: Record<string, unknown> | undefined): Suppress
 }
 
 function isChildOfSecureRepository(urn: string): boolean {
-  return urn.includes(`${HULUMI_SECURE_REPOSITORY_TYPE}$`);
+  // Anchored URN type-chain check — see ../urn.ts. The prior
+  // `urn.includes(\`${HULUMI_SECURE_REPOSITORY_TYPE}$\`)` was bypassed by a
+  // raw github.Repository declared with a logical name carrying the
+  // SecureRepository type token.
+  return isUrnChildOfComponent(urn, HULUMI_SECURE_REPOSITORY_TYPE);
 }
 
 function isChildOfOrgFoundation(urn: string): boolean {
-  return urn.includes(`${HULUMI_ORG_FOUNDATION_TYPE}$`);
+  // Anchored URN type-chain check — see ../urn.ts. Same forged-logical-name
+  // spoof class as isChildOfSecureRepository above.
+  return isUrnChildOfComponent(urn, HULUMI_ORG_FOUNDATION_TYPE);
 }
 
 /**

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Self-contained CIDR validation + internet-coverage detection.
+//
+// Duplicated from `@hulumi/k8s-baseline`'s `src/cidr-coverage.ts` because the
+// two packages are separate; cross-package imports between sibling packages
+// in this workspace are awkward, and adding a new npm dependency would
+// trigger the dependabot exact-pin / cooling-off gate. The helper is pure
+// and tiny (no network, no clock, no globals), so a careful duplicate is
+// preferable to a fragile cross-package import or a new dependency.
+//
+// Keep the two copies in sync when updating coverage semantics.
+
+export type IpFamily = "ipv4" | "ipv6";
+
+interface ParsedCidr {
+  family: IpFamily;
+  start: bigint;
+  end: bigint;
+  prefixLen: number;
+}
+
+const IPV4_BITS = 32n;
+const IPV6_BITS = 128n;
+const IPV4_MAX = (1n << IPV4_BITS) - 1n;
+const IPV6_MAX = (1n << IPV6_BITS) - 1n;
+
+function parseIpv4(addr: string): bigint | undefined {
+  const parts = addr.split(".");
+  if (parts.length !== 4) return undefined;
+  let value = 0n;
+  for (const part of parts) {
+    if (!/^\d{1,3}$/.test(part)) return undefined;
+    if (part.length > 1 && part.startsWith("0")) return undefined;
+    const n = Number(part);
+    if (n > 255) return undefined;
+    value = (value << 8n) | BigInt(n);
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+function parseIpv6(addr: string): bigint | undefined {
+  if (addr.includes(".")) return undefined;
+  const doubleColonCount = (addr.match(/::/g) ?? []).length;
+  if (doubleColonCount > 1) return undefined;
+
+  let head: string[];
+  let tail: string[];
+  if (doubleColonCount === 1) {
+    const [h, t] = addr.split("::");
+    head = h === "" ? [] : h.split(":");
+    tail = t === "" ? [] : t.split(":");
+  } else {
+    head = addr.split(":");
+    tail = [];
+  }
+
+  const hextets = [...head, ...tail];
+  if (doubleColonCount === 0 && hextets.length !== 8) return undefined;
+  if (doubleColonCount === 1 && hextets.length >= 8) return undefined;
+  if (head.length + tail.length > 8) return undefined;
+
+  for (const h of hextets) {
+    if (!/^[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}$/.test(h)) return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const zeros = 8 - (head.length + tail.length);
+  const full = [...head, ...Array<string>(doubleColonCount === 1 ? zeros : 0).fill("0"), ...tail];
+  if (full.length !== 8) return undefined;
+
+  let value = 0n;
+  for (const h of full) {
+    value = (value << 16n) | BigInt(parseInt(h, 16));
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+export function parseCidr(cidr: string): ParsedCidr | undefined {
+  const slash = cidr.indexOf("/");
+  if (slash === -1) return undefined;
+  const addrPart = cidr.slice(0, slash);
+  const prefixPart = cidr.slice(slash + 1);
+  if (!/^\d{1,3}$/.test(prefixPart)) return undefined;
+  if (prefixPart.length > 1 && prefixPart.startsWith("0")) return undefined;
+  const prefixLen = Number(prefixPart);
+
+  const isV6 = addrPart.includes(":");
+  if (isV6) {
+    const value = parseIpv6(addrPart);
+    if (value === undefined || prefixLen > 128) return undefined;
+    const hostBits = IPV6_BITS - BigInt(prefixLen);
+    const mask = hostBits === 0n ? 0n : (1n << hostBits) - 1n;
+    if ((value & mask) !== 0n) return undefined;
+    return { family: "ipv6", start: value, end: value | mask, prefixLen };
+  }
+
+  const value = parseIpv4(addrPart);
+  if (value === undefined || prefixLen > 32) return undefined;
+  const hostBits = IPV4_BITS - BigInt(prefixLen);
+  const mask = hostBits === 0n ? 0n : (1n << hostBits) - 1n;
+  if ((value & mask) !== 0n) return undefined;
+  return { family: "ipv4", start: value, end: value | mask, prefixLen };
+}
+
+export interface CidrCoverageResult {
+  malformed?: string;
+  coversInternet: boolean;
+  family?: IpFamily;
+}
+
+export function analyzeCidrCoverage(values: readonly string[]): CidrCoverageResult {
+  const byFamily: Record<IpFamily, ParsedCidr[]> = { ipv4: [], ipv6: [] };
+
+  for (const raw of values) {
+    const parsed = parseCidr(raw);
+    if (parsed === undefined) {
+      return { malformed: raw, coversInternet: false };
+    }
+    byFamily[parsed.family].push(parsed);
+  }
+
+  for (const family of ["ipv4", "ipv6"] as const) {
+    const blocks = byFamily[family];
+    if (blocks.length === 0) continue;
+    const familyMax = family === "ipv4" ? IPV4_MAX : IPV6_MAX;
+
+    const sorted = [...blocks].sort((a, b) => (a.start < b.start ? -1 : a.start > b.start ? 1 : 0));
+    if (sorted[0].start !== 0n) continue;
+
+    let covered = sorted[0].end;
+    for (let i = 1; i < sorted.length; i++) {
+      const next = sorted[i];
+      if (next.start > covered + 1n) break;
+      if (next.end > covered) covered = next.end;
+    }
+    if (covered >= familyMax) {
+      return { coversInternet: true, family };
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { coversInternet: false };
+}

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import type { ResourceValidationPolicy } from "@pulumi/policy";
 
 import type { PackMetadata } from "../metadata";
 import { matchSuppression, type Suppression } from "../aws/suppressions";
+import { analyzeCidrCoverage } from "./cidr-coverage";
 
 const DOCS_BASE = "https://github.com/kerberosmansour/hulumi/blob/main/docs/components/README.md";
 
@@ -53,9 +54,27 @@ export const eksCl1NoBroadPublicEndpoint: ResourceValidationPolicy = {
     if (matchSuppression("HULUMI-EKS-CL-1", args.urn, suppressions).suppressed) return;
     const cidrs = vpc.publicAccessCidrs ?? [];
     // AWS default for unset is ["0.0.0.0/0"] — the unsafe-by-default behavior we want to catch.
-    if (cidrs.length === 0 || cidrs.includes("0.0.0.0/0")) {
+    if (cidrs.length === 0) {
       reportViolation(
-        `HULUMI-EKS-CL-1: EKS cluster ${args.urn} has endpointPublicAccess=true with publicAccessCidrs containing 0.0.0.0/0 (or unset, which defaults to 0.0.0.0/0). Restrict to the operator network. Docs: ${DOCS_BASE}`,
+        `HULUMI-EKS-CL-1: EKS cluster ${args.urn} has endpointPublicAccess=true with publicAccessCidrs unset, which defaults to 0.0.0.0/0. Restrict to the operator network. Docs: ${DOCS_BASE}`,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    // Bare-literal includes("0.0.0.0/0") is bypassed by a split like
+    // ["0.0.0.0/1","128.0.0.0/1"] that collectively covers the internet.
+    // Use coverage analysis to catch the split-range form and also reject
+    // any syntactically malformed CIDR string (the previous control
+    // accepted any non-blank string).
+    const coverage = analyzeCidrCoverage(cidrs);
+    if (coverage.malformed !== undefined) {
+      reportViolation(
+        `HULUMI-EKS-CL-1: EKS cluster ${args.urn} has a malformed/invalid publicAccessCidrs entry "${coverage.malformed}". Provide syntactically valid CIDR(s). Docs: ${DOCS_BASE}`,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    if (coverage.coversInternet) {
+      reportViolation(
+        `HULUMI-EKS-CL-1: EKS cluster ${args.urn} has endpointPublicAccess=true with publicAccessCidrs that cover the entire internet (0.0.0.0/0, ::/0, or a split-range union such as 0.0.0.0/1 + 128.0.0.0/1). Restrict to the operator network. Docs: ${DOCS_BASE}`,
       );
     }
   },

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import type {
 } from "@pulumi/policy";
 
 import type { PackMetadata } from "../metadata";
+import { isUrnChildOfComponent } from "../urn";
 
 export const DEPLOY_GOV_1_RULE_ID = "DEPLOY_GOV_1_REQUIRE_PROTECTED_ENVIRONMENT";
 export const DEPLOY_GOV_2_RULE_ID = "DEPLOY_GOV_2_NO_LONG_LIVED_AWS_SECRETS";
@@ -85,7 +86,12 @@ function hasOidcRoleEvidence(resources: readonly PolicyResource[], repoName: str
 }
 
 function isChildOf(resource: PolicyResource, componentType: string): boolean {
-  return resource.urn.includes(`${componentType}$`);
+  // Anchored URN type-chain check — see ../urn.ts. The previous form
+  // `resource.urn.includes(\`${componentType}$\`)` was bypassed when a raw
+  // resource was declared with a logical name embedding the component type,
+  // because Pulumi URNs include the operator-controlled logical name after
+  // the final `::`.
+  return isUrnChildOfComponent(resource.urn, componentType);
 }
 
 function deploymentRepositoryFoundationName(resource: PolicyResource): string | undefined {

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Anchored Pulumi-URN parsing used by policy packs to decide whether a
+// resource is a child of a given component type. Substring/`includes`
+// matching is unsafe because Pulumi URNs include the operator-controlled
+// logical resource name after the final `::`, so a raw resource can be
+// declared with a logical name that embeds a parent-component type string
+// and bypass any policy that keys on `urn.includes("<type>$")`. This module
+// parses the URN into stack / project / type-chain / logical-name and
+// matches only against the type-chain ancestors, never the logical name.
+//
+// Pulumi URN shape (see pulumi/pulumi `pkg/resource/urn.go`):
+//   urn:pulumi:<stack>::<project>::<typeChain>::<logicalName>
+// where <typeChain> is a `$`-joined chain of types ending in the resource's
+// own type, e.g. `hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$aws:s3/bucketV2:BucketV2`.
+// Mirrors the safer slicing already used by isSecureBucketManagedBucketUrn
+// in aws/hulumi-hardening-pack.ts and federatedIsGithubOidc in
+// github/github-oidc-issuer.ts — kept in one place so every pack is anchored.
+
+const URN_PREFIX = "urn:pulumi:";
+
+export interface ParsedUrn {
+  readonly stack: string;
+  readonly project: string;
+  /** Type-chain ancestors in order; the LAST entry is the resource's own type. */
+  readonly typeChain: readonly string[];
+  readonly logicalName: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a Pulumi URN. Returns `undefined` for any URN that does not match
+ * the expected `urn:pulumi:<stack>::<project>::<typeChain>::<logicalName>`
+ * shape — callers should fail closed and treat that as a non-child.
+ */
+export function parseUrn(urn: string): ParsedUrn | undefined {
+  if (typeof urn !== "string" || !urn.startsWith(URN_PREFIX)) return undefined;
+  const parts = urn.split("::");
+  if (parts.length < 4) return undefined;
+  // The first segment is `urn:pulumi:<stack>` — split off the stack.
+  const stack = parts[0].slice(URN_PREFIX.length);
+  if (stack === "") return undefined;
+  const project = parts[1];
+  // The logical name is everything after the final `::`. The type chain is
+  // the segment immediately before it. Anything between project and type
+  // chain (e.g. provider segments) is preserved by joining; the leaf two
+  // segments are the part we trust.
+  const logicalName = parts[parts.length - 1];
+  const typeChainRaw = parts[parts.length - 2];
+  if (project === "" || typeChainRaw === "" || logicalName === "") return undefined;
+  const typeChain = typeChainRaw.split("$").filter((t) => t !== "");
+  if (typeChain.length === 0) return undefined;
+  return { stack, project, typeChain, logicalName };
+}
+
+/**
+ * True iff `componentType` appears as a NON-LEAF entry in the URN's type
+ * chain — i.e. the resource is strictly inside a parent component of that
+ * type. The leaf entry is the resource's own type and is deliberately
+ * excluded so that a top-level resource OF the component type does not
+ * count as "its own child".
+ *
+ * Safe against the forged-logical-name spoof: a raw resource declared
+ * with logical name `hulumi:platform:DeploymentRepositoryFoundation$x`
+ * has that string in `logicalName`, NOT in `typeChain`, and is rejected.
+ */
+export function isUrnChildOfComponent(urn: string, componentType: string): boolean {
+  if (typeof componentType !== "string" || componentType === "") return false;
+  const parsed = parseUrn(urn);
+  if (parsed === undefined) return false;
+  // All ancestors except the resource's own (leaf) type.
+  const ancestors = parsed.typeChain.slice(0, -1);
+  return ancestors.includes(componentType);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Two resources share the same parent component instance iff their URNs
+ * share the same (stack, project, typeChain ancestors, and the component
+ * instance has the same logical name). Pulumi does not encode the parent's
+ * logical name into a child URN, so the strongest invariant we can assert
+ * from URN parsing alone is "same type-chain ancestry" — which is what
+ * sibling-style policy checks need (combined with a value-binding check
+ * on a property of the sibling that names the target resource).
+ */
+export function urnsShareParentComponent(a: string, b: string): boolean {
+  const pa = parseUrn(a);
+  const pb = parseUrn(b);
+  if (pa === undefined || pb === undefined) return false;
+  if (pa.stack !== pb.stack || pa.project !== pb.project) return false;
+  const ancestorsA = pa.typeChain.slice(0, -1);
+  const ancestorsB = pb.typeChain.slice(0, -1);
+  if (ancestorsA.length === 0 || ancestorsA.length !== ancestorsB.length) return false;
+  for (let i = 0; i < ancestorsA.length; i++) {
+    if (ancestorsA[i] !== ancestorsB[i]) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}

@@ -572,3 +572,42 @@ describe("CisV5Pack metadata — every registered rule has a runtime test", () =
     }
   });
 });
+
+// Cluster B regression — cis_2_1_1_ssePresent and cis_2_1_5_tlsOnly skip
+// when `args.urn.includes("hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$")`. That
+// substring fires on attacker-controlled logical names too. Advisory
+// enforcement only, but the same forged-logical-name spoof class.
+describe("CIS-v5 §2.1.1 / §2.1.5 — forged-logical-name URN spoof", () => {
+  let violations: string[];
+  const report = (m: string): void => {
+    violations.push(m);
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    violations = [];
+  });
+
+  it("CIS 2.1.1 still advises a raw bucket whose LOGICAL NAME embeds SecureBucket type", () => {
+    const args = makeResourceArgs({
+      type: "aws:s3/bucketV2:BucketV2",
+      urn: "urn:pulumi:s::p::aws:s3/bucketV2:BucketV2::hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$evil-bucket",
+      name: "hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$evil-bucket",
+      props: {},
+    });
+    invokeResource(cis_2_1_1_ssePresent, args, report);
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/CIS-AWS-v5\.0\.0:2\.1\.1/);
+  });
+
+  it("CIS 2.1.5 still advises a raw bucket whose LOGICAL NAME embeds SecureBucket type", () => {
+    const args = makeResourceArgs({
+      type: "aws:s3/bucketV2:BucketV2",
+      urn: "urn:pulumi:s::p::aws:s3/bucketV2:BucketV2::hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$evil-bucket",
+      name: "hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$evil-bucket",
+      props: {},
+    });
+    invokeResource(cis_2_1_5_tlsOnly, args, report);
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/CIS-AWS-v5\.0\.0:2\.1\.5/);
+  });
+});

@@ -367,3 +367,64 @@ describe("HulumiCloudflareHardeningPack CF_ORIGIN_1 — secure origin evidence r
     expect(violations[0]).toContain(appRecord.urn);
   });
 });
+
+// Cluster B regression — `isChildOf` in this pack used `urn.includes(\`${type}$\`)`
+// over the full URN; the operator-controlled logical-name suffix could embed
+// PUBLIC_HOSTNAME_TYPE or ZONE_FOUNDATION_TYPE and bypass CF_DNS_1 / CF_DNSSEC_1.
+describe("HulumiCloudflareHardeningPack — forged-logical-name URN spoof", () => {
+  let violations: string[];
+  const report = (m: string): void => {
+    violations.push(m);
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    violations = [];
+  });
+
+  it("CF_DNS_1 reports even when a raw DNS record's LOGICAL NAME embeds PublicHostname type", () => {
+    // Raw DNS record marked as a public application whose logical name
+    // carries the PublicHostname type token. Type chain is just the raw
+    // DnsRecord, NOT a child of any PublicHostname component.
+    const spoofedArgs = makeResourceArgs({
+      type: DNS_RECORD_TYPE,
+      urn: `urn:pulumi:s::p::${DNS_RECORD_TYPE}::${PUBLIC_HOSTNAME_TYPE}$app-record`,
+      name: `${PUBLIC_HOSTNAME_TYPE}$app-record`,
+      // `purpose: "public-app"` makes this a real DNS-only public-app
+      // record CF_DNS_1 should reject. Pre-fix, the spoofed logical name
+      // made `isChildOf(urn, PUBLIC_HOSTNAME_TYPE)` substring-match `true`
+      // → CF_DNS_1 early-returned and the violation never fired. Post-fix,
+      // the anchored helper returns false (no real PublicHostname parent)
+      // → the rule proceeds and reports as it should.
+      props: { type: "A", proxied: false, purpose: "public-app" },
+    });
+
+    (
+      cfDns1NoDnsOnlyPublicAppRecord.validateResource as (
+        a: ResourceValidationArgs,
+        r: (m: string) => void,
+      ) => void
+    )(spoofedArgs, report);
+
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(violations[0]).toContain(CF_DNS_1_RULE_ID);
+  });
+
+  it("CF_DNSSEC_1 reports even when a raw zone's LOGICAL NAME embeds ZoneFoundation type", () => {
+    const spoofedZone = makePolicyResource({
+      type: ZONE_TYPE,
+      urn: `urn:pulumi:s::p::${ZONE_TYPE}::${ZONE_FOUNDATION_TYPE}$evil-zone`,
+      name: `${ZONE_FOUNDATION_TYPE}$evil-zone`,
+      props: {},
+    });
+
+    (
+      cfDnssec1RequirePublicZoneDnssec.validateStack as (
+        a: StackValidationArgs,
+        r: (m: string) => void,
+      ) => void
+    )(makeStackArgs([spoofedZone]), report);
+
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(violations[0]).toContain(CF_DNSSEC_1_RULE_ID);
+  });
+});

@@ -39,3 +39,39 @@ describe("federatedIsGithubOidc — anchored host match", () => {
     expect(federatedIsGithubOidc("")).toBe(false);
   });
 });
+
+describe("federatedIsGithubOidc — array Principal.Federated", () => {
+  it("matches when the GitHub provider is one element among others", () => {
+    expect(
+      federatedIsGithubOidc([
+        "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:oidc-provider/accounts.google.com",
+        "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:oidc-provider/token.actions.githubusercontent.com",
+      ]),
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects an array of only non-GitHub providers", () => {
+    expect(
+      federatedIsGithubOidc([
+        "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:oidc-provider/accounts.google.com",
+        "cognito-identity.amazonaws.com",
+      ]),
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects an array whose only GitHub-ish element is a crafted look-alike", () => {
+    expect(
+      federatedIsGithubOidc([
+        "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:oidc-provider/accounts.google.com",
+        "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:oidc-provider/token.actions.githubusercontent.com.evil.com",
+      ]),
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects non-string / empty inputs", () => {
+    expect(federatedIsGithubOidc(undefined)).toBe(false);
+    expect(federatedIsGithubOidc(null)).toBe(false);
+    expect(federatedIsGithubOidc([])).toBe(false);
+    expect(federatedIsGithubOidc([123, { a: 1 }])).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

@@ -123,6 +123,40 @@ describe("G_OIDC_2 — cluster-admin / AdministratorAccess via GitHub OIDC", ()
     expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/AdministratorAccess/);
   });
 
+  it("flags AdministratorAccess on a role whose Principal.Federated is an array (GitHub + another) (#170)", () => {
+    const arrayFedTrust = JSON.stringify({
+      Version: "2012-10-17",
+      Statement: [
+        {
+          Effect: "Allow",
+          Principal: {
+            Federated: [
+              "arn:aws:iam::1:oidc-provider/accounts.google.com",
+              "arn:aws:iam::1:oidc-provider/token.actions.githubusercontent.com",
+            ],
+          },
+          Action: "sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity",
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+    const arrayFedRole = res({
+      type: "aws:iam/role:Role",
+      urn: "urn:pulumi:s::p::aws:iam/role:Role::array-fed",
+      name: "array-fed",
+      props: { assumeRolePolicy: arrayFedTrust, arn: "arn:aws:iam::1:role/array-fed" },
+    });
+    const attach = res({
+      type: "aws:iam/rolePolicyAttachment:RolePolicyAttachment",
+      urn: "urn:pulumi:s::p::aws:iam/rolePolicyAttachment:RolePolicyAttachment::admin",
+      name: "admin",
+      props: { policyArn: "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AdministratorAccess" },
+      propertyDependencies: { role: [arrayFedRole] },
+    });
+    violations = run(makeStackArgs([arrayFedRole, attach]));
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/AdministratorAccess/);
+  });
+
   it("does NOT flag a namespace-scoped AmazonEKSEditPolicy association", () => {
     const assoc = res({
       type: "aws:eks/accessPolicyAssociation:AccessPolicyAssociation",

@@ -324,6 +324,42 @@ describe("G_OIDC_1 / HULUMI-H3 — wildcard rejection across AWS/Azure/GCP", ()
     }
   });
 
+  it("rejects AWS IAM trust policy with an array Principal.Federated listing the GitHub provider (#170)", () => {
+    const args = makeResourceArgs({
+      type: G_OIDC_1_AWS_IAM_ROLE_TYPE,
+      urn: "urn:pulumi:s::p::aws:iam/role:Role::array-fed-role",
+      name: "array-fed-role",
+      props: {
+        assumeRolePolicy: JSON.stringify({
+          Version: "2012-10-17",
+          Statement: [
+            {
+              Effect: "Allow",
+              Principal: {
+                Federated: [
+                  "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:oidc-provider/accounts.google.com",
+                  "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:oidc-provider/token.actions.githubusercontent.com",
+                ],
+              },
+              Action: "sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity",
+              Condition: {
+                StringLike: {
+                  "token.actions.githubusercontent.com:sub": "repo:org/repo:*",
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          ],
+        }),
+      },
+    });
+    (G_OIDC_1.validateResource as (a: ResourceValidationArgs, r: (m: string) => void) => void)(
+      args,
+      report,
+    );
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/G_OIDC_1/);
+  });
+
   it("rejects AWS IAM trust policy with set-qualified StringEquals + wildcard sub value", () => {
     const args = makeResourceArgs({
       type: G_OIDC_1_AWS_IAM_ROLE_TYPE,
@@ -428,3 +464,66 @@ describe("G_OIDC_1 / HULUMI-H3 — wildcard rejection across AWS/Azure/GCP", ()
     expect(h3NoWildcardTrustPolicy.validateResource).toBe(G_OIDC_1.validateResource);
   });
 });
+
+// Cluster B regression — `isChildOfSecureRepository` / `isChildOfOrgFoundation`
+// used `urn.includes(\`${type}$\`)` over the full URN. An attacker-controlled
+// logical name embedding the parent type token bypassed H1 / H2 entirely.
+describe("HulumiGithubHardeningPack — forged-logical-name URN spoof", () => {
+  let violations: string[];
+  const report = (m: string): void => {
+    violations.push(m);
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    violations = [];
+  });
+
+  it("H1 still reports a raw github.Repository whose LOGICAL NAME embeds SecureRepository type", () => {
+    // Spoof: raw github.Repository with logical name
+    // `hulumi:baseline:github:SecureRepository$victim`. URN contains the
+    // type token via the logical-name suffix; type chain is just
+    // `github:index/repository:Repository`.
+    const args = makeResourceArgs({
+      type: "github:index/repository:Repository",
+      urn: "urn:pulumi:s::p::github:index/repository:Repository::hulumi:baseline:github:SecureRepository$victim",
+      name: "hulumi:baseline:github:SecureRepository$victim",
+      props: { name: "victim-repo" },
+    });
+
+    (
+      h1NoRawGithubRepository.validateResource as (
+        a: ResourceValidationArgs,
+        r: (m: string) => void,
+      ) => void
+    )(args, report);
+
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/HULUMI-H1/);
+  });
+
+  it("H2 still reports a wildcard OIDC template whose LOGICAL NAME embeds OrgFoundation type", () => {
+    // Spoof on H2's wildcard guard — same forged-logical-name trick.
+    const args = makeResourceArgs({
+      type: "github:index/actionsOrganizationOidcSubjectClaimCustomizationTemplate:ActionsOrganizationOidcSubjectClaimCustomizationTemplate",
+      urn: "urn:pulumi:s::p::github:index/actionsOrganizationOidcSubjectClaimCustomizationTemplate:ActionsOrganizationOidcSubjectClaimCustomizationTemplate::hulumi:baseline:github:OrgFoundation$spoof",
+      name: "hulumi:baseline:github:OrgFoundation$spoof",
+      // Wildcard claim — H2's mandatory rejection axis. Pre-fix, the URN's
+      // logical-name spoof made `isChildOfOrgFoundation` return true via
+      // substring match, so H2 early-returned and the wildcard was never
+      // inspected. Post-fix, the anchored check returns false (template's
+      // type chain is not under any real OrgFoundation), and the wildcard
+      // is reported as it should be.
+      props: { includeClaimKeys: ["*"] },
+    });
+
+    (
+      h2NoWildcardOidcTemplate.validateResource as (
+        a: ResourceValidationArgs,
+        r: (m: string) => void,
+      ) => void
+    )(args, report);
+
+    expect(violations.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/HULUMI-H2/);
+  });
+});

@@ -444,12 +444,18 @@ describe("HulumiHardeningPack H5 — SecureBucket H1 exemption must be backed by
       name: "sb-bucket",
       props: {},
     });
+  // Fixtures explicitly bind each sibling to the exempted bucket via the
+  // `bucket` prop and (for the policy) via the `Resource` block. This is
+  // what a genuine SecureBucket emits — and is what H5's value-binding
+  // check requires to defeat the "decoy siblings targeting a different
+  // bucket" bypass.
   const hardenedSiblings = (): PolicyResource[] => [
     makePolicyResource({
       type: "aws:s3/bucketPublicAccessBlock:BucketPublicAccessBlock",
       urn: `${PARENT}$aws:s3/bucketPublicAccessBlock:BucketPublicAccessBlock::sb-pab`,
       name: "sb-pab",
       props: {
+        bucket: "sb-bucket",
         blockPublicAcls: true,
         ignorePublicAcls: true,
         blockPublicPolicy: true,
@@ -461,33 +467,36 @@ describe("HulumiHardeningPack H5 — SecureBucket H1 exemption must be backed by
       urn: `${PARENT}$aws:s3/bucketServerSideEncryptionConfiguration:BucketServerSideEncryptionConfiguration::sb-sse`,
       name: "sb-sse",
       props: {
+        bucket: "sb-bucket",
         rules: [{ applyServerSideEncryptionByDefault: { sseAlgorithm: "aws:kms" } }],
       },
     }),
     makePolicyResource({
       type: "aws:s3/bucketOwnershipControls:BucketOwnershipControls",
       urn: `${PARENT}$aws:s3/bucketOwnershipControls:BucketOwnershipControls::sb-own`,
       name: "sb-own",
-      props: { rule: { objectOwnership: "BucketOwnerEnforced" } },
+      props: { bucket: "sb-bucket", rule: { objectOwnership: "BucketOwnerEnforced" } },
     }),
     makePolicyResource({
       type: "aws:s3/bucketVersioning:BucketVersioning",
       urn: `${PARENT}$aws:s3/bucketVersioning:BucketVersioning::sb-ver`,
       name: "sb-ver",
-      props: { versioningConfiguration: { status: "Enabled" } },
+      props: { bucket: "sb-bucket", versioningConfiguration: { status: "Enabled" } },
     }),
     makePolicyResource({
       type: "aws:s3/bucketPolicy:BucketPolicy",
       urn: `${PARENT}$aws:s3/bucketPolicy:BucketPolicy::sb-pol`,
       name: "sb-pol",
       props: {
+        bucket: "sb-bucket",
         policy: JSON.stringify({
           Version: "2012-10-17",
           Statement: [
             {
               Effect: "Deny",
               Principal: "*",
               Action: "s3:*",
+              Resource: ["arn:aws:s3:::sb-bucket", "arn:aws:s3:::sb-bucket/*"],
               Condition: { Bool: { "aws:SecureTransport": "false" } },
             },
           ],
@@ -631,3 +640,201 @@ describe("PackMetadata — shape is stable per interfaces.md §2", () => {
     }
   });
 });
+
+// Cluster B regression — two URN/binding bypasses against H5 that the
+// previous implementation missed:
+//   1. Decoy siblings parented under the same forged SecureBucket wrapper
+//      that satisfy shape checks but reference a DIFFERENT bucket via
+//      their `bucket` prop / the policy's `Resource` block.
+//   2. Sibling resources whose URNs share the `bucket.urn.split("$")[0]`
+//      string prefix but whose actual parent component type is different
+//      (the old `startsWith(parentPrefix)` check is fooled by any URN
+//      sharing the project + outer-type-prefix segment).
+describe("HulumiHardeningPack H5 — URN/binding bypasses (Cluster B regression)", () => {
+  let violations: string[];
+  const report = (msg: string): void => {
+    violations.push(msg);
+  };
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    violations = [];
+  });
+
+  const PARENT = "urn:pulumi:s::p::hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket";
+  const exemptedBucket = (): PolicyResource =>
+    makePolicyResource({
+      type: "aws:s3/bucket:Bucket",
+      urn: `${PARENT}$aws:s3/bucket:Bucket::sb-bucket`,
+      name: "sb-bucket",
+      props: {},
+    });
+
+  // Decoy siblings: same parent component URN prefix and correct shape,
+  // but every `bucket` prop / Resource ARN points at "other-bucket".
+  const decoySiblings = (): PolicyResource[] => [
+    makePolicyResource({
+      type: "aws:s3/bucketPublicAccessBlock:BucketPublicAccessBlock",
+      urn: `${PARENT}$aws:s3/bucketPublicAccessBlock:BucketPublicAccessBlock::decoy-pab`,
+      name: "decoy-pab",
+      props: {
+        bucket: "other-bucket",
+        blockPublicAcls: true,
+        ignorePublicAcls: true,
+        blockPublicPolicy: true,
+        restrictPublicBuckets: true,
+      },
+    }),
+    makePolicyResource({
+      type: "aws:s3/bucketServerSideEncryptionConfiguration:BucketServerSideEncryptionConfiguration",
+      urn: `${PARENT}$aws:s3/bucketServerSideEncryptionConfiguration:BucketServerSideEncryptionConfiguration::decoy-sse`,
+      name: "decoy-sse",
+      props: {
+        bucket: "other-bucket",
+        rules: [{ applyServerSideEncryptionByDefault: { sseAlgorithm: "aws:kms" } }],
+      },
+    }),
+    makePolicyResource({
+      type: "aws:s3/bucketOwnershipControls:BucketOwnershipControls",
+      urn: `${PARENT}$aws:s3/bucketOwnershipControls:BucketOwnershipControls::decoy-own`,
+      name: "decoy-own",
+      props: { bucket: "other-bucket", rule: { objectOwnership: "BucketOwnerEnforced" } },
+    }),
+    makePolicyResource({
+      type: "aws:s3/bucketVersioning:BucketVersioning",
+      urn: `${PARENT}$aws:s3/bucketVersioning:BucketVersioning::decoy-ver`,
+      name: "decoy-ver",
+      props: { bucket: "other-bucket", versioningConfiguration: { status: "Enabled" } },
+    }),
+    makePolicyResource({
+      type: "aws:s3/bucketPolicy:BucketPolicy",
+      urn: `${PARENT}$aws:s3/bucketPolicy:BucketPolicy::decoy-pol`,
+      name: "decoy-pol",
+      props: {
+        bucket: "other-bucket",
+        policy: JSON.stringify({
+          Version: "2012-10-17",
+          Statement: [
+            {
+              Effect: "Deny",
+              Principal: "*",
+              Action: "s3:*",
+              Resource: ["arn:aws:s3:::other-bucket", "arn:aws:s3:::other-bucket/*"],
+              Condition: { Bool: { "aws:SecureTransport": "false" } },
+            },
+          ],
+        }),
+      },
+    }),
+  ];
+
+  const runH5 = (resources: PolicyResource[]): void =>
+    (
+      h5SecureBucketExemptionRequiresHardening.validateStack as (
+        a: StackValidationArgs,
+        r: (m: string) => void,
+      ) => void
+    )(makeStackArgs(resources), report);
+
+  it("reports HULUMI-H5 when siblings exist but target a DIFFERENT bucket (decoy-sibling bypass)", () => {
+    runH5([exemptedBucket(), ...decoySiblings()]);
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+    // Every control is missing because none is bound to the exempted bucket.
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/HULUMI-H5/);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/all-true BucketPublicAccessBlock/);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/SSE-KMS encryption/);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/BucketOwnerEnforced ownership controls/);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/enabled bucket versioning/);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/TLS-only bucket policy/);
+  });
+
+  it("reports HULUMI-H5 when 'siblings' are parented under an UNRELATED component that shares a URN string prefix", () => {
+    // Old code used `r.urn.startsWith(bucket.urn.split('$')[0])` which would
+    // accept a resource under any component whose URN starts with the same
+    // project/stack/outer-type-prefix segment. The anchored helper requires
+    // the parent component type chain to match.
+    const UNRELATED_PARENT = "urn:pulumi:s::p::hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucketImposter";
+    const wronglyParented = makePolicyResource({
+      type: "aws:s3/bucketPublicAccessBlock:BucketPublicAccessBlock",
+      urn: `${UNRELATED_PARENT}$aws:s3/bucketPublicAccessBlock:BucketPublicAccessBlock::wrong-pab`,
+      name: "wrong-pab",
+      props: {
+        bucket: "sb-bucket",
+        blockPublicAcls: true,
+        ignorePublicAcls: true,
+        blockPublicPolicy: true,
+        restrictPublicBuckets: true,
+      },
+    });
+    runH5([exemptedBucket(), wronglyParented]);
+    // PAB is reported missing because the only PAB-shaped resource is not
+    // a sibling of the exempted bucket's parent component.
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/all-true BucketPublicAccessBlock/);
+  });
+
+  it("reports HULUMI-H5 when the bucket policy's Resource block names a DIFFERENT bucket (decoy policy)", () => {
+    // The four non-policy siblings are correctly bound; the policy alone
+    // names another bucket in Resource. Only the TLS-only-policy control
+    // should be reported as missing.
+    const PARENT_LOCAL = PARENT; // alias for clarity
+    const siblings: PolicyResource[] = [
+      makePolicyResource({
+        type: "aws:s3/bucketPublicAccessBlock:BucketPublicAccessBlock",
+        urn: `${PARENT_LOCAL}$aws:s3/bucketPublicAccessBlock:BucketPublicAccessBlock::sb-pab`,
+        name: "sb-pab",
+        props: {
+          bucket: "sb-bucket",
+          blockPublicAcls: true,
+          ignorePublicAcls: true,
+          blockPublicPolicy: true,
+          restrictPublicBuckets: true,
+        },
+      }),
+      makePolicyResource({
+        type: "aws:s3/bucketServerSideEncryptionConfiguration:BucketServerSideEncryptionConfiguration",
+        urn: `${PARENT_LOCAL}$aws:s3/bucketServerSideEncryptionConfiguration:BucketServerSideEncryptionConfiguration::sb-sse`,
+        name: "sb-sse",
+        props: {
+          bucket: "sb-bucket",
+          rules: [{ applyServerSideEncryptionByDefault: { sseAlgorithm: "aws:kms" } }],
+        },
+      }),
+      makePolicyResource({
+        type: "aws:s3/bucketOwnershipControls:BucketOwnershipControls",
+        urn: `${PARENT_LOCAL}$aws:s3/bucketOwnershipControls:BucketOwnershipControls::sb-own`,
+        name: "sb-own",
+        props: { bucket: "sb-bucket", rule: { objectOwnership: "BucketOwnerEnforced" } },
+      }),
+      makePolicyResource({
+        type: "aws:s3/bucketVersioning:BucketVersioning",
+        urn: `${PARENT_LOCAL}$aws:s3/bucketVersioning:BucketVersioning::sb-ver`,
+        name: "sb-ver",
+        props: { bucket: "sb-bucket", versioningConfiguration: { status: "Enabled" } },
+      }),
+      makePolicyResource({
+        type: "aws:s3/bucketPolicy:BucketPolicy",
+        urn: `${PARENT_LOCAL}$aws:s3/bucketPolicy:BucketPolicy::sb-pol`,
+        name: "sb-pol",
+        props: {
+          bucket: "sb-bucket",
+          policy: JSON.stringify({
+            Version: "2012-10-17",
+            Statement: [
+              {
+                Effect: "Deny",
+                Principal: "*",
+                Action: "s3:*",
+                // Decoy: Resource names a different bucket.
+                Resource: ["arn:aws:s3:::other-bucket", "arn:aws:s3:::other-bucket/*"],
+                Condition: { Bool: { "aws:SecureTransport": "false" } },
+              },
+            ],
+          }),
+        },
+      }),
+    ];
+    runH5([exemptedBucket(), ...siblings]);
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/TLS-only bucket policy/);
+    expect(violations[0]).not.toMatch(/all-true BucketPublicAccessBlock/);
+  });
+});

@@ -90,6 +90,51 @@ describe("Scenario: EKS public endpoint broad CIDR rejected (HULUMI-EKS-CL-1)",
     expect(violations).toHaveLength(0);
   });
 
+  it("rejects public endpoint with split-range CIDRs covering all of IPv4", () => {
+    const args = makeArgs({
+      type: "aws:eks/cluster:Cluster",
+      urn: "urn:p::p::aws:eks/cluster:Cluster::split-range",
+      name: "split-range",
+      props: {
+        vpcConfig: {
+          endpointPublicAccess: true,
+          publicAccessCidrs: ["0.0.0.0/1", "128.0.0.0/1"],
+        },
+        enabledClusterLogTypes: ["audit"],
+      },
+    });
+    (
+      eksCl1NoBroadPublicEndpoint.validateResource as (
+        a: ResourceValidationArgs,
+        r: (m: string) => void,
+      ) => void
+    )(args, report);
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(violations[0]).toMatch(/HULUMI-EKS-CL-1/);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects public endpoint with malformed publicAccessCidrs", () => {
+    const args = makeArgs({
+      type: "aws:eks/cluster:Cluster",
+      urn: "urn:p::p::aws:eks/cluster:Cluster::malformed",
+      name: "malformed",
+      props: {
+        vpcConfig: {
+          endpointPublicAccess: true,
+          publicAccessCidrs: ["not-a-cidr"],
+        },
+        enabledClusterLogTypes: ["audit"],
+      },
+    });
+    (
+      eksCl1NoBroadPublicEndpoint.validateResource as (
+        a: ResourceValidationArgs,
+        r: (m: string) => void,
+      ) => void
+    )(args, report);
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
   it("allows private-only endpoint regardless of CIDRs", () => {
     const args = makeArgs({
       type: "aws:eks/cluster:Cluster",

@@ -315,3 +315,44 @@ describe("HulumiDeploymentGovernancePack DEPLOY_GOV_2 — long-lived AWS secret
     expect(violations).toEqual([]);
   });
 });
+
+// Cluster B regression — URN substring spoof (`isChildOf` used `urn.includes`
+// over the FULL URN, so a raw resource whose operator-controlled logical
+// name contained the parent type token bypassed every DEPLOY_GOV_1 check).
+describe("HulumiDeploymentGovernancePack DEPLOY_GOV_1 — forged-logical-name URN spoof", () => {
+  let violations: string[];
+  const report = (m: string): void => {
+    violations.push(m);
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    violations = [];
+  });
+
+  it("reports DEPLOY_GOV_1 even when the repo's LOGICAL NAME embeds the foundation type", () => {
+    // Exploit: declare a raw github.Repository with logical name
+    // `<DeploymentRepositoryFoundation type>$<anything>`. The URL now contains
+    // the substring `hulumi:platform:DeploymentRepositoryFoundation$` but the
+    // resource is NOT a child of any DeploymentRepositoryFoundation — its
+    // type chain is just `github:index/repository:Repository`. A safe
+    // anchored check parses the URN type chain and refuses this spoof.
+    const spoofedRepo = makePolicyResource({
+      type: GITHUB_REPOSITORY_TYPE,
+      // Logical name carries the parent type substring; type chain does not.
+      urn: `urn:pulumi:s::p::${GITHUB_REPOSITORY_TYPE}::${DEPLOYMENT_REPOSITORY_FOUNDATION_TYPE}$deploy-repo`,
+      name: `${DEPLOYMENT_REPOSITORY_FOUNDATION_TYPE}$deploy-repo`,
+      props: { name: "victim-repo", topics: ["deployment"] },
+    });
+
+    (
+      deployGov1RequireProtectedEnvironment.validateStack as (
+        a: StackValidationArgs,
+        r: (m: string) => void,
+      ) => void
+    )(makeStackArgs([spoofedRepo]), report);
+
+    // Without the anchored fix, this assertion is `.toEqual([])` — the spoof bypasses.
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(violations[0]).toContain(DEPLOY_GOV_1_RULE_ID);
+  });
+});

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+// Anchored URN parsing — regression tests for the cluster of "policy
+// bypassed by an attacker-controlled logical resource name" findings.
+// The unsafe pattern that was scattered across multiple packs:
+//
+//   urn.includes(`${componentType}$`)
+//
+// returns true whenever the substring appears ANYWHERE in the URN —
+// including in the logical-name suffix that is operator-controlled. An
+// attacker can declare a raw resource named e.g.
+// `hulumi:platform:DeploymentRepositoryFoundation$x` and the substring
+// check fires even though the resource is not actually parented under
+// any DeploymentRepositoryFoundation component.
+//
+// The anchored helpers parse the URN into its type-chain (the part
+// between project and logical-name segments) and match only against
+// type-chain ancestors, never the logical name.
+
+import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
+
+import { parseUrn, isUrnChildOfComponent, urnsShareParentComponent } from "../src/urn";
+
+// The four URNs we care about across this whole cluster:
+//
+//   GENUINE_CHILD       = a real child resource of a real parent component
+//   FORGED_LOGICAL_NAME = a top-level resource whose LOGICAL NAME contains
+//                         the parent type token (attacker's spoof)
+//   GENUINE_TOP_LEVEL   = a top-level resource of the parent type itself
+//                         (not a child of itself)
+//   SIBLING_DIFF_PARENT = a resource under a DIFFERENT component instance
+//
+// Tests assert the anchored helper accepts only the first and rejects
+// the rest — none of the substring-based checks did.
+
+const STACK = "dev";
+const PROJECT = "myproject";
+
+function makeUrn(typeChain: string, logicalName: string): string {
+  return `urn:pulumi:${STACK}::${PROJECT}::${typeChain}::${logicalName}`;
+}
+
+describe("parseUrn", () => {
+  it("splits stack/project/typeChain/logicalName from a single-type URN", () => {
+    const parsed = parseUrn(makeUrn("aws:s3/bucketV2:BucketV2", "scratch"));
+    expect(parsed).toBeDefined();
+    expect(parsed!.stack).toBe(STACK);
+    expect(parsed!.project).toBe(PROJECT);
+    expect(parsed!.typeChain).toEqual(["aws:s3/bucketV2:BucketV2"]);
+    expect(parsed!.logicalName).toBe("scratch");
+  });
+
+  it("splits a `$`-joined parent-child type chain", () => {
+    const urn = makeUrn(
+      "hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket$aws:s3/bucketV2:BucketV2",
+      "scratch-bucket",
+    );
+    const parsed = parseUrn(urn);
+    expect(parsed!.typeChain).toEqual([
+      "hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket",
+      "aws:s3/bucketV2:BucketV2",
+    ]);
+    expect(parsed!.logicalName).toBe("scratch-bucket");
+  });
+
+  it("returns undefined for malformed URNs (fail closed)", () => {
+    expect(parseUrn("")).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(parseUrn("not-a-urn")).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(parseUrn("urn:pulumi:::missing::::")).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(parseUrn("urn:pulumi:dev::project")).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("isUrnChildOfComponent — anchored against forged-logical-name spoof", () => {
+  const PARENT_TYPE = "hulumi:platform:DeploymentRepositoryFoundation";
+
+  it("returns true for a genuine child (parent type in non-leaf chain entry)", () => {
+    const urn = makeUrn(`${PARENT_TYPE}$github:index/repository:Repository`, "my-repo");
+    expect(isUrnChildOfComponent(urn, PARENT_TYPE)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false when the parent type appears ONLY in the logical name (spoof)", () => {
+    // Exploit vector from the DEPLOY_GOV_1 finding: raw `github.Repository`
+    // declared with logical name containing the substring `<parentType>$`.
+    // URN: ...::github:index/repository:Repository::hulumi:platform:DeploymentRepositoryFoundation$deploy-repo
+    const urn = makeUrn("github:index/repository:Repository", `${PARENT_TYPE}$deploy-repo`);
+    expect(isUrnChildOfComponent(urn, PARENT_TYPE)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false for a top-level resource OF the parent type itself", () => {
+    // The component instance is not its own child.
+    const urn = makeUrn(PARENT_TYPE, "foundation-1");
+    expect(isUrnChildOfComponent(urn, PARENT_TYPE)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false for a resource under a different parent component", () => {
+    const urn = makeUrn(
+      "hulumi:platform:DeploymentRepositoryFoundation$github:index/repository:Repository",
+      "my-repo",
+    );
+    expect(isUrnChildOfComponent(urn, "hulumi:cloudflare:PublicHostname")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false for empty / nonsense component type", () => {
+    const urn = makeUrn(`${PARENT_TYPE}$github:index/repository:Repository`, "my-repo");
+    expect(isUrnChildOfComponent(urn, "")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isUrnChildOfComponent(urn, "DeploymentRepositoryFoundation")).toBe(false); // partial type
+  });
+});
+
+describe("urnsShareParentComponent — sibling matching anchored to parent component", () => {
+  const PARENT = "hulumi:baseline:aws:SecureBucket";
+  const BUCKET = "aws:s3/bucketV2:BucketV2";
+  const POLICY = "aws:s3/bucketPolicy:BucketPolicy";
+
+  it("returns true for two children of the same parent component type chain", () => {
+    const a = makeUrn(`${PARENT}$${BUCKET}`, "scratch-bucket");
+    const b = makeUrn(`${PARENT}$${POLICY}`, "scratch-policy");
+    expect(urnsShareParentComponent(a, b)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false when one resource is top-level (no parent component)", () => {
+    const a = makeUrn(`${PARENT}$${BUCKET}`, "scratch-bucket");
+    const b = makeUrn(POLICY, "raw-policy");
+    expect(urnsShareParentComponent(a, b)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false when parents are different component types", () => {
+    const a = makeUrn(`${PARENT}$${BUCKET}`, "scratch-bucket");
+    const b = makeUrn(`hulumi:platform:DeploymentRepositoryFoundation$${POLICY}`, "evil-policy");
+    expect(urnsShareParentComponent(a, b)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false across different stacks or projects", () => {
+    const a = makeUrn(`${PARENT}$${BUCKET}`, "scratch-bucket");
+    const b = `urn:pulumi:other-stack::${PROJECT}::${PARENT}$${POLICY}::scratch-policy`;
+    expect(urnsShareParentComponent(a, b)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { spawnSync } from "node:child_process";
 export const WF_SHA_1_RULE_ID = "WF_SHA_1_FULL_LENGTH_SHA_PIN";
 export const WF_PERM_1_RULE_ID = "WF_PERM_1_MINIMUM_GITHUB_TOKEN_PERMISSIONS";
 export const WF_CODEOWNERS_1_RULE_ID = "WF_CODEOWNERS_1_WORKFLOWS_PROTECTED";
+export const WF_ENV_1_RULE_ID = "WF_ENV_1_DISPATCH_PRIVILEGED_JOB_REQUIRES_ENVIRONMENT";
 
 const SHA_REF = /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/i;
 const USES_LINE = /^\s*-?\s*uses:\s*["']?([^"'\s#]+)["']?/;
@@ -142,6 +143,161 @@ function lintWorkflowPermissions(file, lines) {
   return diagnostics;
 }
 
+// WF_ENV_1 helpers.
+//
+// `workflow_dispatch` is operator-triggered with the actor's permissions —
+// any contributor with repo write can fire it. Jobs in such workflows that
+// assume an AWS role via OIDC or run `pulumi destroy` are privileged and
+// destructive; they MUST be gated behind a protected GitHub Environment
+// (with required reviewers) so a single repo-write account cannot drive
+// a real-cloud teardown. Scheduled triggers on the same workflow do not
+// loosen the rule — the requirement is on jobs reachable via dispatch.
+const AWS_CREDENTIALS_USES = /aws-actions\/configure-aws-credentials/;
+const ROLE_TO_ASSUME = /^\s*role-to-assume\s*:/;
+const PULUMI_DESTROY = /\bpulumi\s+destroy\b/;
+
+function workflowHasDispatchTrigger(lines) {
+  // Detect `on:` blocks that include `workflow_dispatch:` (either as a
+  // bare key, a flow scalar, or a flow-style sequence/string). Handles:
+  //   on: workflow_dispatch
+  //   on: [push, workflow_dispatch]
+  //   on:
+  //     workflow_dispatch:
+  //     schedule:
+  //       - cron: ...
+  for (let idx = 0; idx < lines.length; idx += 1) {
+    const line = lines[idx];
+    const inline = /^on:\s*(.*)$/.exec(line);
+    if (!inline || /^\s/.test(line)) continue;
+    const rest = inline[1].trim();
+    if (rest.length > 0 && !rest.startsWith("#")) {
+      // Flow-style `on:` value on the same line.
+      if (/\bworkflow_dispatch\b/.test(rest)) return true;
+      continue;
+    }
+    // Block-style `on:` — walk indented children.
+    for (let j = idx + 1; j < lines.length; j += 1) {
+      const child = lines[j];
+      if (child.trim() === "") continue;
+      if (!/^\s/.test(child)) break;
+      if (/^\s+workflow_dispatch\s*:/.test(child) || /^\s+workflow_dispatch\s*$/.test(child)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function extractJobs(lines) {
+  // Identify the top-level `jobs:` block, then split each direct child
+  // (one indent in from `jobs:`) into its own slice. Returns
+  // { id, startLine, endLine, lines }[].
+  const jobs = [];
+  let jobsStart = -1;
+  let jobsIndent = -1;
+  for (let idx = 0; idx < lines.length; idx += 1) {
+    if (/^jobs:\s*$/.test(lines[idx]) && !/^\s/.test(lines[idx])) {
+      jobsStart = idx;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (jobsStart === -1) return jobs;
+  // Find the indent of the first job id (first non-blank, indented line
+  // after `jobs:`). Treat that as the per-job header indent.
+  for (let idx = jobsStart + 1; idx < lines.length; idx += 1) {
+    if (lines[idx].trim() === "") continue;
+    const match = /^(\s+)([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)\s*:\s*$/.exec(lines[idx]);
+    if (match) {
+      jobsIndent = match[1].length;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  if (jobsIndent < 0) return jobs;
+
+  let current;
+  for (let idx = jobsStart + 1; idx < lines.length; idx += 1) {
+    const line = lines[idx];
+    const trimmed = line.trim();
+    // A line at column 0 ends the jobs block.
+    if (trimmed !== "" && !/^\s/.test(line)) break;
+    const header = new RegExp(`^\\s{${jobsIndent}}([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)\\s*:\\s*$`).exec(line);
+    if (header) {
+      if (current) {
+        current.endLine = idx - 1;
+        jobs.push(current);
+      }
+      current = { id: header[1], startLine: idx, endLine: lines.length - 1, lines: [] };
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (current) current.lines.push({ lineNumber: idx + 1, text: line });
+  }
+  if (current) jobs.push(current);
+  return jobs;
+}
+
+function jobDeclaresEnvironment(job, jobsIndent) {
+  // `environment:` must be a direct job-level property (one indent
+  // beyond the job header). A nested `environment:` under `with:` or a
+  // step does NOT satisfy the rule.
+  const expected = " ".repeat(jobsIndent + 2);
+  for (const { text } of job.lines) {
+    if (text.startsWith(`${expected}environment:`)) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function jobIsPrivileged(job) {
+  // Returns a short reason if the job assumes an AWS role or runs
+  // `pulumi destroy`, otherwise undefined.
+  for (const { text } of job.lines) {
+    if (AWS_CREDENTIALS_USES.test(text)) return "uses aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials";
+    if (ROLE_TO_ASSUME.test(text)) return "declares role-to-assume";
+    if (PULUMI_DESTROY.test(text)) return "runs pulumi destroy";
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+function detectJobsIndent(lines) {
+  // Mirrors the indent detection in extractJobs so the environment
+  // check can know the per-job indent. Returns -1 if not found.
+  let jobsStart = -1;
+  for (let idx = 0; idx < lines.length; idx += 1) {
+    if (/^jobs:\s*$/.test(lines[idx]) && !/^\s/.test(lines[idx])) {
+      jobsStart = idx;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (jobsStart === -1) return -1;
+  for (let idx = jobsStart + 1; idx < lines.length; idx += 1) {
+    if (lines[idx].trim() === "") continue;
+    const match = /^(\s+)([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)\s*:\s*$/.exec(lines[idx]);
+    if (match) return match[1].length;
+    break;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+function lintWorkflowDispatchEnvironments(file, lines) {
+  const diagnostics = [];
+  if (!workflowHasDispatchTrigger(lines)) return diagnostics;
+  const jobsIndent = detectJobsIndent(lines);
+  if (jobsIndent < 0) return diagnostics;
+  for (const job of extractJobs(lines)) {
+    const reason = jobIsPrivileged(job);
+    if (!reason) continue;
+    if (jobDeclaresEnvironment(job, jobsIndent)) continue;
+    diagnostics.push(
+      makeDiagnostic(
+        WF_ENV_1_RULE_ID,
+        file,
+        job.startLine + 1,
+        `workflow_dispatch job '${job.id}' is privileged (${reason}) and must declare a protected 'environment:' with required reviewers`,
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+  return diagnostics;
+}
+
 function lintWorkflowFile(repoRoot, file) {
   const full = join(repoRoot, file);
   const lines = readFileSync(full, "utf8").split(/\r?\n/);
@@ -151,6 +307,7 @@ function lintWorkflowFile(repoRoot, file) {
     if (diagnostic) diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
   });
   diagnostics.push(...lintWorkflowPermissions(file, lines));
+  diagnostics.push(...lintWorkflowDispatchEnvironments(file, lines));
   return diagnostics;
 }
 

@@ -84,4 +84,131 @@ describe("workflow-governance linter", () => {
     expect(result.status).toBe(0);
     expect(result.stdout).toContain("workflow-governance: pass");
   });
+
+  it("flags a workflow_dispatch job that assumes an AWS role without a protected environment (WF_ENV_1)", () => {
+    const fixture = makeFixture();
+    writeFileSync(
+      join(fixture, ".github", "workflows", "cleanup.yml"),
+      [
+        "name: cleanup",
+        "on:",
+        "  workflow_dispatch:",
+        "permissions:",
+        "  id-token: write",
+        "  contents: read",
+        "jobs:",
+        "  cleanup:",
+        "    runs-on: ubuntu-latest",
+        "    steps:",
+        `      - uses: actions/checkout@${SHA} # v6`,
+        `      - uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@${SHA} # v6`,
+        "        with:",
+        "          role-to-assume: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/cleanup",
+        "          aws-region: us-east-1",
+        "",
+      ].join("\n"),
+    );
+    writeFileSync(join(fixture, "CODEOWNERS"), "/.github/workflows/ @security-team\n");
+
+    const result = runLinter(fixture);
+    const output = `${result.stdout}\n${result.stderr}`;
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe(1);
+    expect(output).toContain("WF_ENV_1_DISPATCH_PRIVILEGED_JOB_REQUIRES_ENVIRONMENT");
+    expect(output).toContain("cleanup.yml");
+    expect(output).toContain("'cleanup'");
+  });
+
+  it("flags a workflow_dispatch job that runs `pulumi destroy` without a protected environment (WF_ENV_1)", () => {
+    const fixture = makeFixture();
+    writeFileSync(
+      join(fixture, ".github", "workflows", "teardown.yml"),
+      [
+        "name: teardown",
+        "on:",
+        "  workflow_dispatch:",
+        "permissions:",
+        "  id-token: write",
+        "  contents: read",
+        "jobs:",
+        "  teardown:",
+        "    runs-on: ubuntu-latest",
+        "    steps:",
+        `      - uses: actions/checkout@${SHA} # v6`,
+        "      - run: pulumi destroy --yes",
+        "",
+      ].join("\n"),
+    );
+    writeFileSync(join(fixture, "CODEOWNERS"), "/.github/workflows/ @security-team\n");
+
+    const result = runLinter(fixture);
+    const output = `${result.stdout}\n${result.stderr}`;
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe(1);
+    expect(output).toContain("WF_ENV_1_DISPATCH_PRIVILEGED_JOB_REQUIRES_ENVIRONMENT");
+  });
+
+  it("passes when a workflow_dispatch privileged job declares a protected environment (WF_ENV_1)", () => {
+    const fixture = makeFixture();
+    writeFileSync(
+      join(fixture, ".github", "workflows", "cleanup.yml"),
+      [
+        "name: cleanup",
+        "on:",
+        "  workflow_dispatch:",
+        "permissions:",
+        "  id-token: write",
+        "  contents: read",
+        "jobs:",
+        "  cleanup:",
+        "    runs-on: ubuntu-latest",
+        "    environment: aws-cleanup",
+        "    steps:",
+        `      - uses: actions/checkout@${SHA} # v6`,
+        `      - uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@${SHA} # v6`,
+        "        with:",
+        "          role-to-assume: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/cleanup",
+        "          aws-region: us-east-1",
+        "",
+      ].join("\n"),
+    );
+    writeFileSync(join(fixture, "CODEOWNERS"), "/.github/workflows/ @security-team\n");
+
+    const result = runLinter(fixture);
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe(0);
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("workflow-governance: pass");
+  });
+
+  it("does not flag workflows without workflow_dispatch even if they assume AWS roles (WF_ENV_1)", () => {
+    const fixture = makeFixture();
+    writeFileSync(
+      join(fixture, ".github", "workflows", "scheduled.yml"),
+      [
+        "name: scheduled",
+        "on:",
+        "  schedule:",
+        '    - cron: "0 4 * * 0"',
+        "permissions:",
+        "  id-token: write",
+        "  contents: read",
+        "jobs:",
+        "  job:",
+        "    runs-on: ubuntu-latest",
+        "    steps:",
+        `      - uses: actions/checkout@${SHA} # v6`,
+        `      - uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@${SHA} # v6`,
+        "        with:",
+        "          role-to-assume: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/scheduled",
+        "          aws-region: us-east-1",
+        "",
+      ].join("\n"),
+    );
+    writeFileSync(join(fixture, "CODEOWNERS"), "/.github/workflows/ @security-team\n");
+
+    const result = runLinter(fixture);
+
+    expect(result.status).toBe(0);
+    expect(result.stdout).toContain("workflow-governance: pass");
+  });
 });