CVE-2026-43573

@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai
 - Security/dependencies: pin axios to 1.15.0 and add a plugin install dependency denylist that blocks known malicious packages before install. (#63891) Thanks @mmaps.
 - Browser/security: apply three-phase interaction navigation guard to pressKey and type(submit) so delayed JS redirects from keypress cannot bypass SSRF policy. (#63889) Thanks @mmaps.
 
+- Browser/security: guard existing-session Chrome MCP interaction routes with SSRF post-checks so delayed navigation from click, type, press, and evaluate cannot bypass the configured policy. (#64370) Thanks @eleqtrizit.
 ## 2026.4.9
 
 ### Changes

@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { createBrowserRouteApp, createBrowserRouteResponse } from "./test-helpers.js";
+import type { BrowserRequest } from "./types.js";
+
+const routeState = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  profileCtx: {
+    profile: {
+      driver: "existing-session" as const,
+      name: "chrome-live",
+    },
+    ensureTabAvailable: vi.fn(async () => ({
+      targetId: "7",
+      url: "https://example.com",
+    })),
+  },
+  tab: {
+    targetId: "7",
+    url: "https://example.com",
+  },
+}));
+
+const chromeMcpMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  clickChromeMcpElement: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+  dragChromeMcpElement: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+  evaluateChromeMcpScript: vi.fn(async () => "https://example.com"),
+  fillChromeMcpElement: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+  fillChromeMcpForm: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+  hoverChromeMcpElement: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+  pressChromeMcpKey: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+}));
+
+const navigationGuardMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  assertBrowserNavigationAllowed: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+  assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+  withBrowserNavigationPolicy: vi.fn((ssrfPolicy?: unknown) => (ssrfPolicy ? { ssrfPolicy } : {})),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("../chrome-mcp.js", () => ({
+  clickChromeMcpElement: chromeMcpMocks.clickChromeMcpElement,
+  closeChromeMcpTab: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+  dragChromeMcpElement: chromeMcpMocks.dragChromeMcpElement,
+  evaluateChromeMcpScript: chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript,
+  fillChromeMcpElement: chromeMcpMocks.fillChromeMcpElement,
+  fillChromeMcpForm: chromeMcpMocks.fillChromeMcpForm,
+  hoverChromeMcpElement: chromeMcpMocks.hoverChromeMcpElement,
+  pressChromeMcpKey: chromeMcpMocks.pressChromeMcpKey,
+  resizeChromeMcpPage: vi.fn(async () => {}),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("../navigation-guard.js", () => navigationGuardMocks);
+
+vi.mock("./agent.shared.js", () => ({
+  getPwAiModule: vi.fn(async () => null),
+  handleRouteError: vi.fn(),
+  readBody: vi.fn((req: BrowserRequest) => req.body ?? {}),
+  requirePwAi: vi.fn(async () => {
+    throw new Error("Playwright should not be used for existing-session tests");
+  }),
+  resolveProfileContext: vi.fn(() => routeState.profileCtx),
+  resolveTargetIdFromBody: vi.fn((body: Record<string, unknown>) =>
+    typeof body.targetId === "string" ? body.targetId : undefined,
+  ),
+  withPlaywrightRouteContext: vi.fn(),
+  withRouteTabContext: vi.fn(async ({ run }: { run: (args: unknown) => Promise<void> }) => {
+    await run({
+      profileCtx: routeState.profileCtx,
+      cdpUrl: "http://127.0.0.1:18800",
+      tab: routeState.tab,
+    });
+  }),
+}));
+
+const DEFAULT_SSRF_POLICY = { allowPrivateNetwork: false } as const;
+
+const { registerBrowserAgentActRoutes } = await import("./agent.act.js");
+
+function getActPostHandler(
+  ssrfPolicy: { allowPrivateNetwork: false } | null = DEFAULT_SSRF_POLICY,
+) {
+  const { app, postHandlers } = createBrowserRouteApp();
+  registerBrowserAgentActRoutes(app, {
+    state: () => ({
+      resolved: {
+        evaluateEnabled: true,
+        ssrfPolicy: ssrfPolicy ?? undefined,
+      },
+    }),
+  } as never);
+  const handler = postHandlers.get("/act");
+  expect(handler).toBeTypeOf("function");
+  return handler;
+}
+
+describe("existing-session interaction navigation guard", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    for (const fn of Object.values(chromeMcpMocks)) {
+      fn.mockClear();
+    }
+    for (const fn of Object.values(navigationGuardMocks)) {
+      fn.mockClear();
+    }
+    chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript.mockResolvedValue("https://example.com");
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  async function runAction(
+    body: Record<string, unknown>,
+    ssrfPolicy: { allowPrivateNetwork: false } | null = DEFAULT_SSRF_POLICY,
+  ) {
+    const handler = getActPostHandler(ssrfPolicy);
+    const response = createBrowserRouteResponse();
+    const pending = handler?.({ params: {}, query: {}, body }, response.res);
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+    await pending;
+    return response;
+  }
+
+  it("checks navigation after click and key-driven submit paths", async () => {
+    const clickResponse = await runAction({ kind: "click", ref: "btn-1" });
+    const typeResponse = await runAction({
+      kind: "type",
+      ref: "field-1",
+      text: "hello",
+      submit: true,
+    });
+
+    expect(clickResponse.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(typeResponse.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(chromeMcpMocks.clickChromeMcpElement).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(chromeMcpMocks.pressChromeMcpKey).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({ key: "Enter" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(6);
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      1,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://example.com" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      2,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://example.com" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      3,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://example.com" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      4,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://example.com" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      5,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://example.com" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      6,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://example.com" }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("rechecks the page url after delayed navigation-triggering interactions", async () => {
+    chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(42 as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://example.com" as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/" as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/" as never);
+
+    const response = await runAction({ kind: "evaluate", fn: "() => document.title" });
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4);
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      1,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://example.com" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      2,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      3,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/" }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("fails closed when location probes never return a usable url", async () => {
+    chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("result" as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(undefined as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(null as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("   " as never);
+
+    const handler = getActPostHandler();
+    const response = createBrowserRouteResponse();
+    const pending =
+      handler?.(
+        { params: {}, query: {}, body: { kind: "evaluate", fn: "() => 1" } },
+        response.res,
+      ) ?? Promise.resolve();
+    void pending.catch(() => {});
+    const completion = (async () => {
+      await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+      await pending;
+    })();
+
+    await expect(completion).rejects.toThrow("Unable to verify stable post-interaction navigation");
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("fails closed when a later post-action probe becomes unreadable", async () => {
+    chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("result" as never) // action evaluate
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://example.com" as never) // location probe 1
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(undefined as never) // location probe 2 - unreadable
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(undefined as never) // location probe 3 - unreadable
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(undefined as never); // follow-up probe - still unreadable
+
+    const handler = getActPostHandler();
+    const response = createBrowserRouteResponse();
+    const pending =
+      handler?.(
+        { params: {}, query: {}, body: { kind: "evaluate", fn: "() => 1" } },
+        response.res,
+      ) ?? Promise.resolve();
+    void pending.catch(() => {});
+    const completion = (async () => {
+      await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+      await pending;
+    })();
+
+    await expect(completion).rejects.toThrow("Unable to verify stable post-interaction navigation");
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://example.com" }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("confirms stability via follow-up probe when URL changes on the last loop iteration", async () => {
+    // Probe 1 (action evaluate result): returns the action value
+    // Location probe 1 (0ms): fails (context churn)
+    // Location probe 2 (250ms): reads safe URL A
+    // Location probe 3 (500ms): reads safe URL B (late navigation)
+    // Follow-up probe (500ms later): reads URL B again → stable, success
+    chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("result" as never) // action evaluate result
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("context churn") as never) // location probe 1 fails
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://example.com" as never) // location probe 2: URL A
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://safe-redirect.com" as never) // location probe 3: URL B (changed)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://safe-redirect.com" as never); // follow-up: URL B again → stable
+
+    const response = await runAction({ kind: "evaluate", fn: "() => 1" });
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    // 1 action call + 5 location probes (3 in loop + 1 failed + 1 follow-up)
+    expect(chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(5);
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      1,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://example.com" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      2,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://safe-redirect.com" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      3,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://safe-redirect.com" }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("keeps probing through the full window before declaring navigation stable", async () => {
+    chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("result" as never) // action evaluate result
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://example.com" as never) // location probe 1
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://example.com" as never) // location probe 2
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://safe-redirect.com" as never) // location probe 3
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://safe-redirect.com" as never); // follow-up confirms late redirect
+
+    const response = await runAction({ kind: "evaluate", fn: "() => 1" });
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(5);
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4);
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      1,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://example.com" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      2,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://example.com" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      3,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://safe-redirect.com" }),
+    );
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      4,
+      expect.objectContaining({ url: "https://safe-redirect.com" }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("fails closed when follow-up probe sees yet another URL change", async () => {
+    chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("result" as never) // action evaluate result
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://a.com" as never) // location probe 1
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://b.com" as never) // location probe 2: changed
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://c.com" as never) // location probe 3: changed again
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://d.com" as never); // follow-up: still changing
+
+    const handler = getActPostHandler();
+    const response = createBrowserRouteResponse();
+    const pending =
+      handler?.(
+        { params: {}, query: {}, body: { kind: "evaluate", fn: "() => 1" } },
+        response.res,
+      ) ?? Promise.resolve();
+    void pending.catch(() => {});
+    const completion = (async () => {
+      await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+      await pending;
+    })();
+
+    await expect(completion).rejects.toThrow("Unable to verify stable post-interaction navigation");
+  });
+
+  it("fails closed when a probe error follows two stable reads", async () => {
+    // Probes 1 + 2 match (sawStableAllowedUrl would be true), probe 3 throws.
+    // Guard must NOT return success — the throw invalidates prior stability.
+    chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("result" as never) // action evaluate result
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://example.com" as never) // location probe 1
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce("https://example.com" as never) // location probe 2 → stable pair
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("context destroyed") as never) // location probe 3 → error
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("context destroyed") as never); // follow-up → still errored
+
+    const handler = getActPostHandler();
+    const response = createBrowserRouteResponse();
+    const pending =
+      handler?.(
+        { params: {}, query: {}, body: { kind: "evaluate", fn: "() => 1" } },
+        response.res,
+      ) ?? Promise.resolve();
+    void pending.catch(() => {});
+    const completion = (async () => {
+      await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+      await pending;
+    })();
+
+    await expect(completion).rejects.toThrow("Unable to verify stable post-interaction navigation");
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
+
+  it("skips the guard when no SSRF policy is configured", async () => {
+    const response = await runAction({ kind: "press", key: "Enter" }, null);
+
+    expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(chromeMcpMocks.pressChromeMcpKey).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("still probes navigation when the interaction command throws", async () => {
+    chromeMcpMocks.clickChromeMcpElement.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+      throw new Error("stale element");
+    });
+
+    const handler = getActPostHandler();
+    const response = createBrowserRouteResponse();
+    const pending =
+      handler?.({ params: {}, query: {}, body: { kind: "click", ref: "btn-1" } }, response.res) ??
+      Promise.resolve();
+    void pending.catch(() => {});
+    const completion = (async () => {
+      await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+      await pending;
+    })();
+
+    await expect(completion).rejects.toThrow("stale element");
+    expect(chromeMcpMocks.evaluateChromeMcpScript).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(navigationGuardMocks.assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ import {
   resizeChromeMcpPage,
 } from "../chrome-mcp.js";
 import type { BrowserActRequest } from "../client-actions.types.js";
+import {
+  assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed,
+  type BrowserNavigationPolicyOptions,
+  withBrowserNavigationPolicy,
+} from "../navigation-guard.js";
 import { getBrowserProfileCapabilities } from "../profile-capabilities.js";
 import type { BrowserRouteContext } from "../server-context.js";
 import { matchBrowserUrlPattern } from "../url-pattern.js";
@@ -38,6 +43,118 @@ function sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
   return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
 }
 
+const EXISTING_SESSION_INTERACTION_NAVIGATION_RECHECK_DELAYS_MS = [0, 250, 500] as const;
+
+async function readExistingSessionLocationHref(params: {
+  profileName: string;
+  userDataDir?: string;
+  targetId: string;
+}): Promise<string> {
+  const currentUrl = await evaluateChromeMcpScript({
+    profileName: params.profileName,
+    userDataDir: params.userDataDir,
+    targetId: params.targetId,
+    fn: "() => window.location.href",
+  });
+  if (typeof currentUrl !== "string") {
+    throw new Error("Location probe returned a non-string result");
+  }
+  const normalizedUrl = currentUrl.trim();
+  if (!normalizedUrl) {
+    throw new Error("Location probe returned an empty URL");
+  }
+  return normalizedUrl;
+}
+
+async function assertExistingSessionPostInteractionNavigationAllowed(params: {
+  profileName: string;
+  userDataDir?: string;
+  targetId: string;
+  ssrfPolicy?: BrowserNavigationPolicyOptions["ssrfPolicy"];
+}): Promise<void> {
+  const ssrfPolicyOpts = withBrowserNavigationPolicy(params.ssrfPolicy);
+  if (!ssrfPolicyOpts.ssrfPolicy) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  let lastObservedUrl: string | undefined;
+  let sawStableAllowedUrl = false;
+  for (const delayMs of EXISTING_SESSION_INTERACTION_NAVIGATION_RECHECK_DELAYS_MS) {
+    if (delayMs > 0) {
+      await sleep(delayMs);
+    }
+    let currentUrl: string;
+    try {
+      currentUrl = await readExistingSessionLocationHref(params);
+    } catch {
+      sawStableAllowedUrl = false;
+      continue;
+    }
+    await assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed({
+      url: currentUrl,
+      ...ssrfPolicyOpts,
+    });
+    if (currentUrl === lastObservedUrl) {
+      sawStableAllowedUrl = true;
+    } else {
+      sawStableAllowedUrl = false;
+    }
+    lastObservedUrl = currentUrl;
+  }
+
+  if (sawStableAllowedUrl) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // If the loop exhausted without confirming stability but we did observe
+  // at least one allowed URL, run a single follow-up probe so a late URL
+  // transition that has already settled is not treated as a false failure.
+  if (lastObservedUrl) {
+    const lastDelay =
+      EXISTING_SESSION_INTERACTION_NAVIGATION_RECHECK_DELAYS_MS[
+        EXISTING_SESSION_INTERACTION_NAVIGATION_RECHECK_DELAYS_MS.length - 1
+      ];
+    await sleep(lastDelay);
+    try {
+      const followUpUrl = await readExistingSessionLocationHref(params);
+      await assertBrowserNavigationResultAllowed({
+        url: followUpUrl,
+        ...ssrfPolicyOpts,
+      });
+      if (followUpUrl === lastObservedUrl) {
+        return;
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // Probe failed — fall through to throw
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw new Error("Unable to verify stable post-interaction navigation");
+}
+
+async function runExistingSessionActionWithNavigationGuard<T>(params: {
+  execute: () => Promise<T>;
+  guard?: Parameters<typeof assertExistingSessionPostInteractionNavigationAllowed>[0];
+}): Promise<T> {
+  let actionError: unknown;
+  let result: T | undefined;
+  try {
+    result = await params.execute();
+  } catch (error) {
+    actionError = error;
+  }
+
+  if (params.guard) {
+    await assertExistingSessionPostInteractionNavigationAllowed(params.guard);
+  }
+
+  if (actionError) {
+    throw actionError;
+  }
+
+  return result as T;
+}
+
 function buildExistingSessionWaitPredicate(params: {
   text?: string;
   textGone?: string;
@@ -250,6 +367,12 @@ export function registerBrowserAgentActRoutes(
         const isExistingSession = getBrowserProfileCapabilities(profileCtx.profile).usesChromeMcp;
         const profileName = profileCtx.profile.name;
         if (isExistingSession) {
+          const existingSessionNavigationGuard = {
+            profileName,
+            userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
+            targetId: tab.targetId,
+            ssrfPolicy,
+          };
           const unsupportedMessage = getExistingSessionUnsupportedMessage(action);
           if (unsupportedMessage) {
             return jsonActError(
@@ -261,83 +384,116 @@ export function registerBrowserAgentActRoutes(
           }
           switch (action.kind) {
             case "click":
-              await clickChromeMcpElement({
-                profileName,
-                userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
-                targetId: tab.targetId,
-                uid: action.ref!,
-                doubleClick: action.doubleClick ?? false,
+              await runExistingSessionActionWithNavigationGuard({
+                execute: () =>
+                  clickChromeMcpElement({
+                    profileName,
+                    userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
+                    targetId: tab.targetId,
+                    uid: action.ref!,
+                    doubleClick: action.doubleClick ?? false,
+                  }),
+                guard: existingSessionNavigationGuard,
               });
               return res.json({ ok: true, targetId: tab.targetId, url: tab.url });
             case "type":
-              await fillChromeMcpElement({
-                profileName,
-                userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
-                targetId: tab.targetId,
-                uid: action.ref!,
-                value: action.text,
+              await runExistingSessionActionWithNavigationGuard({
+                execute: async () => {
+                  await fillChromeMcpElement({
+                    profileName,
+                    userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
+                    targetId: tab.targetId,
+                    uid: action.ref!,
+                    value: action.text,
+                  });
+                  if (action.submit) {
+                    await pressChromeMcpKey({
+                      profileName,
+                      userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
+                      targetId: tab.targetId,
+                      key: "Enter",
+                    });
+                  }
+                },
+                guard: existingSessionNavigationGuard,
               });
-              if (action.submit) {
-                await pressChromeMcpKey({
-                  profileName,
-                  userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
-                  targetId: tab.targetId,
-                  key: "Enter",
-                });
-              }
               return res.json({ ok: true, targetId: tab.targetId });
             case "press":
-              await pressChromeMcpKey({
-                profileName,
-                userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
-                targetId: tab.targetId,
-                key: action.key,
+              await runExistingSessionActionWithNavigationGuard({
+                execute: () =>
+                  pressChromeMcpKey({
+                    profileName,
+                    userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
+                    targetId: tab.targetId,
+                    key: action.key,
+                  }),
+                guard: existingSessionNavigationGuard,
               });
               return res.json({ ok: true, targetId: tab.targetId });
             case "hover":
-              await hoverChromeMcpElement({
-                profileName,
-                userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
-                targetId: tab.targetId,
-                uid: action.ref!,
+              await runExistingSessionActionWithNavigationGuard({
+                execute: () =>
+                  hoverChromeMcpElement({
+                    profileName,
+                    userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
+                    targetId: tab.targetId,
+                    uid: action.ref!,
+                  }),
+                guard: existingSessionNavigationGuard,
               });
               return res.json({ ok: true, targetId: tab.targetId });
             case "scrollIntoView":
-              await evaluateChromeMcpScript({
-                profileName,
-                userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
-                targetId: tab.targetId,
-                fn: `(el) => { el.scrollIntoView({ block: "center", inline: "center" }); return true; }`,
-                args: [action.ref!],
+              await runExistingSessionActionWithNavigationGuard({
+                execute: () =>
+                  evaluateChromeMcpScript({
+                    profileName,
+                    userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
+                    targetId: tab.targetId,
+                    fn: `(el) => { el.scrollIntoView({ block: "center", inline: "center" }); return true; }`,
+                    args: [action.ref!],
+                  }),
+                guard: existingSessionNavigationGuard,
               });
               return res.json({ ok: true, targetId: tab.targetId });
             case "drag":
-              await dragChromeMcpElement({
-                profileName,
-                userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
-                targetId: tab.targetId,
-                fromUid: action.startRef!,
-                toUid: action.endRef!,
+              await runExistingSessionActionWithNavigationGuard({
+                execute: () =>
+                  dragChromeMcpElement({
+                    profileName,
+                    userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
+                    targetId: tab.targetId,
+                    fromUid: action.startRef!,
+                    toUid: action.endRef!,
+                  }),
+                guard: existingSessionNavigationGuard,
               });
               return res.json({ ok: true, targetId: tab.targetId });
             case "select":
-              await fillChromeMcpElement({
-                profileName,
-                userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
-                targetId: tab.targetId,
-                uid: action.ref!,
-                value: action.values[0] ?? "",
+              await runExistingSessionActionWithNavigationGuard({
+                execute: () =>
+                  fillChromeMcpElement({
+                    profileName,
+                    userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
+                    targetId: tab.targetId,
+                    uid: action.ref!,
+                    value: action.values[0] ?? "",
+                  }),
+                guard: existingSessionNavigationGuard,
               });
               return res.json({ ok: true, targetId: tab.targetId });
             case "fill":
-              await fillChromeMcpForm({
-                profileName,
-                userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
-                targetId: tab.targetId,
-                elements: action.fields.map((field) => ({
-                  uid: field.ref,
-                  value: String(field.value ?? ""),
-                })),
+              await runExistingSessionActionWithNavigationGuard({
+                execute: () =>
+                  fillChromeMcpForm({
+                    profileName,
+                    userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
+                    targetId: tab.targetId,
+                    elements: action.fields.map((field) => ({
+                      uid: field.ref,
+                      value: String(field.value ?? ""),
+                    })),
+                  }),
+                guard: existingSessionNavigationGuard,
               });
               return res.json({ ok: true, targetId: tab.targetId });
             case "resize":
@@ -365,12 +521,16 @@ export function registerBrowserAgentActRoutes(
               });
               return res.json({ ok: true, targetId: tab.targetId });
             case "evaluate": {
-              const result = await evaluateChromeMcpScript({
-                profileName,
-                userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
-                targetId: tab.targetId,
-                fn: action.fn,
-                args: action.ref ? [action.ref] : undefined,
+              const result = await runExistingSessionActionWithNavigationGuard({
+                execute: () =>
+                  evaluateChromeMcpScript({
+                    profileName,
+                    userDataDir: profileCtx.profile.userDataDir,
+                    targetId: tab.targetId,
+                    fn: action.fn,
+                    args: action.ref ? [action.ref] : undefined,
+                  }),
+                guard: existingSessionNavigationGuard,
               });
               return res.json({
                 ok: true,