CVE-2026-43530

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- fix(security): remove busybox/toybox from interpreter-like safe bins [AI-assisted]. (#65713) Thanks @pgondhi987.
 - fix(approval-auth): prevent empty approver list from granting explicit approval authorization [AI]. (#65714) Thanks @pgondhi987.
 - fix(security): broaden shell-wrapper detection and block env-argv assignment injection [AI-assisted]. (#65717) Thanks @pgondhi987.
 - Gateway/startup: defer scheduled services until sidecars finish, gate chat history and model listing during sidecar resume, and let Control UI retry startup-gated history loads so Sandbox wake resumes channels first. (#65365) Thanks @lml2468.

@@ -100,6 +100,23 @@ describe("doctor exec safe bin helpers", () => {
     expect(result.config.tools?.exec?.safeBinProfiles).toEqual({});
   });
 
+  it("warns on busybox/toybox safeBins instead of scaffolding them", () => {
+    const result = maybeRepairExecSafeBinProfiles({
+      tools: {
+        exec: {
+          safeBins: ["busybox", "toybox"],
+        },
+      },
+    } as OpenClawConfig);
+
+    expect(result.changes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(result.warnings).toEqual([
+      "- tools.exec.safeBins includes interpreter/runtime 'busybox' without profile; remove it from safeBins or use explicit allowlist entries.",
+      "- tools.exec.safeBins includes interpreter/runtime 'toybox' without profile; remove it from safeBins or use explicit allowlist entries.",
+    ]);
+    expect(result.config.tools?.exec?.safeBinProfiles).toEqual({});
+  });
+
   it("flags safeBins that resolve outside trusted directories", () => {
     const tempDir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "openclaw-safe-bin-"));
     const binPath = join(tempDir, "custom-safe-bin");

@@ -43,10 +43,12 @@ describe("exec safe-bin runtime policy", () => {
         "jq",
         " C:\\Tools\\Python3.EXE ",
         "myfilter",
+        "busybox",
+        "toybox",
         "/usr/bin/node",
         "/opt/homebrew/bin/gawk",
       ]),
-    ).toEqual(["gawk", "node", "python3"]);
+    ).toEqual(["busybox", "gawk", "node", "python3", "toybox"]);
   });
 
   it("merges and normalizes safe-bin profile fixtures", () => {

@@ -202,6 +202,66 @@ const unsafeRuntimeInvocationCases: UnsafeRuntimeInvocationCase[] = [
     tmpPrefix: "openclaw-tsx-eval-",
     command: ["tsx", "--eval", "console.log('SAFE')"],
   },
+  {
+    name: "rejects busybox applets that cannot be safely bound",
+    binName: "busybox",
+    tmpPrefix: "openclaw-busybox-awk-",
+    command: ["busybox", "awk", 'BEGIN{system("id")}'],
+  },
+  {
+    name: "rejects busybox applets even when cwd contains a file named after the applet",
+    binName: "busybox",
+    tmpPrefix: "openclaw-busybox-awk-file-bait-",
+    command: ["busybox", "awk", 'BEGIN{system("id")}'],
+    setup: (tmp) => {
+      fs.writeFileSync(path.join(tmp, "awk"), "bait\n");
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "rejects busybox shell applets that forward inline commands",
+    binName: "busybox",
+    tmpPrefix: "openclaw-busybox-shell-inline-",
+    command: ["busybox", "sh", "-c", "echo SAFE"],
+  },
+  {
+    name: "rejects busybox shell applets with script file operands",
+    binName: "busybox",
+    tmpPrefix: "openclaw-busybox-shell-file-",
+    command: ["busybox", "sh", "./run.sh"],
+    setup: (tmp) => {
+      fs.writeFileSync(path.join(tmp, "run.sh"), "#!/bin/sh\necho SAFE\n");
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "rejects toybox applets that cannot be safely bound",
+    binName: "toybox",
+    tmpPrefix: "openclaw-toybox-awk-",
+    command: ["toybox", "awk", 'BEGIN{system("id")}'],
+  },
+  {
+    name: "rejects toybox applets even when cwd contains a file named after the applet",
+    binName: "toybox",
+    tmpPrefix: "openclaw-toybox-awk-file-bait-",
+    command: ["toybox", "awk", 'BEGIN{system("id")}'],
+    setup: (tmp) => {
+      fs.writeFileSync(path.join(tmp, "awk"), "bait\n");
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "rejects toybox shell applets that forward inline commands",
+    binName: "toybox",
+    tmpPrefix: "openclaw-toybox-shell-inline-",
+    command: ["toybox", "ash", "-lc", "echo SAFE"],
+  },
+  {
+    name: "rejects toybox shell applets with script file operands",
+    binName: "toybox",
+    tmpPrefix: "openclaw-toybox-shell-file-",
+    command: ["toybox", "ash", "./run.sh"],
+    setup: (tmp) => {
+      fs.writeFileSync(path.join(tmp, "run.sh"), "#!/bin/sh\necho SAFE\n");
+    },
+  },
   {
     name: "rejects node inline import operands that cannot be bound to one stable file",
     binName: "node",

@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ const GENERIC_MUTABLE_SCRIPT_RUNNERS = new Set([
   "vite-node",
 ]);
 
+const OPAQUE_MUTABLE_SCRIPT_RUNNERS = new Set(["busybox", "toybox"]);
+
 const BUN_SUBCOMMANDS = new Set([
   "add",
   "audit",
@@ -283,9 +285,14 @@ function resolvesToExistingFileSync(rawOperand: string, cwd: string | undefined)
   }
 }
 
-function unwrapArgvForMutableOperand(argv: string[]): { argv: string[]; baseIndex: number } {
+function unwrapArgvForMutableOperand(argv: string[]): {
+  argv: string[];
+  baseIndex: number;
+  opaqueMultiplexerSeen: boolean;
+} {
   let current = argv;
   let baseIndex = 0;
+  let opaqueMultiplexerSeen = false;
   while (true) {
     const dispatchUnwrap = unwrapKnownDispatchWrapperInvocation(current);
     if (dispatchUnwrap.kind === "unwrapped") {
@@ -295,6 +302,9 @@ function unwrapArgvForMutableOperand(argv: string[]): { argv: string[]; baseInde
     }
     const shellMultiplexerUnwrap = unwrapKnownShellMultiplexerInvocation(current);
     if (shellMultiplexerUnwrap.kind === "unwrapped") {
+      if (OPAQUE_MUTABLE_SCRIPT_RUNNERS.has(shellMultiplexerUnwrap.wrapper)) {
+        opaqueMultiplexerSeen = true;
+      }
       baseIndex += current.length - shellMultiplexerUnwrap.argv.length;
       current = shellMultiplexerUnwrap.argv;
       continue;
@@ -305,7 +315,7 @@ function unwrapArgvForMutableOperand(argv: string[]): { argv: string[]; baseInde
       current = packageManagerUnwrap;
       continue;
     }
-    return { argv: current, baseIndex };
+    return { argv: current, baseIndex, opaqueMultiplexerSeen };
   }
 }
 
@@ -743,7 +753,11 @@ function hasPerlUnsafeApprovalFlag(argv: string[]): boolean {
 }
 
 function isMutableScriptRunner(executable: string): boolean {
-  return GENERIC_MUTABLE_SCRIPT_RUNNERS.has(executable) || isInterpreterLikeSafeBin(executable);
+  return (
+    GENERIC_MUTABLE_SCRIPT_RUNNERS.has(executable) ||
+    OPAQUE_MUTABLE_SCRIPT_RUNNERS.has(executable) ||
+    isInterpreterLikeSafeBin(executable)
+  );
 }
 
 function resolveMutableFileOperandIndex(argv: string[], cwd: string | undefined): number | null {
@@ -752,6 +766,9 @@ function resolveMutableFileOperandIndex(argv: string[], cwd: string | undefined)
   if (!executable) {
     return null;
   }
+  if (unwrapped.opaqueMultiplexerSeen || OPAQUE_MUTABLE_SCRIPT_RUNNERS.has(executable)) {
+    return null;
+  }
   if ((POSIX_SHELL_WRAPPERS as ReadonlySet<string>).has(executable)) {
     const shellIndex = resolvePosixShellScriptOperandIndex(unwrapped.argv);
     return shellIndex === null ? null : unwrapped.baseIndex + shellIndex;
@@ -823,13 +840,16 @@ function requiresStableInterpreterApprovalBindingWithShellCommand(params: {
   shellCommand: string | null;
   cwd: string | undefined;
 }): boolean {
+  const unwrapped = unwrapArgvForMutableOperand(params.argv);
+  if (unwrapped.opaqueMultiplexerSeen) {
+    return true;
+  }
   if (params.shellCommand !== null) {
     return shellPayloadNeedsStableBinding(params.shellCommand, params.cwd);
   }
   if (pnpmDlxInvocationNeedsFailClosedBinding(params.argv, params.cwd)) {
     return true;
   }
-  const unwrapped = unwrapArgvForMutableOperand(params.argv);
   const executable = normalizeExecutableToken(unwrapped.argv[0] ?? "");
   if (!executable) {
     return false;