VYPR
Unrated severityNVD Advisory· Published Oct 28, 2025· Updated Apr 15, 2026

CVE-2025-40048

CVE-2025-40048

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

uio_hv_generic: Let userspace take care of interrupt mask

Remove the logic to set interrupt mask by default in uio_hv_generic driver as the interrupt mask value is supposed to be controlled completely by the user space. If the mask bit gets changed by the driver, concurrently with user mode operating on the ring, the mask bit may be set when it is supposed to be clear, and the user-mode driver will miss an interrupt which will cause a hang.

For eg- when the driver sets inbound ring buffer interrupt mask to 1, the host does not interrupt the guest on the UIO VMBus channel. However, setting the mask does not prevent the host from putting a message in the inbound ring buffer. So let’s assume that happens, the host puts a message into the ring buffer but does not interrupt.

Subsequently, the user space code in the guest sets the inbound ring buffer interrupt mask to 0, saying “Hey, I’m ready for interrupts”. User space code then calls pread() to wait for an interrupt. Then one of two things happens:

* The host never sends another message. So the pread() waits forever. * The host does send another message. But because there’s already a message in the ring buffer, it doesn’t generate an interrupt. This is the correct behavior, because the host should only send an interrupt when the inbound ring buffer transitions from empty to not-empty. Adding an additional message to a ring buffer that is not empty is not supposed to generate an interrupt on the guest. Since the guest is waiting in pread() and not removing messages from the ring buffer, the pread() waits forever.

This could be easily reproduced in hv_fcopy_uio_daemon if we delay setting interrupt mask to 0.

Similarly if hv_uio_channel_cb() sets the interrupt_mask to 1, there’s a race condition. Once user space empties the inbound ring buffer, but before user space sets interrupt_mask to 0, the host could put another message in the ring buffer but it wouldn’t interrupt. Then the next pread() would hang.

Fix these by removing all instances where interrupt_mask is changed, while keeping the one in set_event() unchanged to enable userspace control the interrupt mask by writing 0/1 to /dev/uioX.

AI Insight

LLM-synthesized narrative grounded in this CVE's description and references.

A summary of the vulnerability: The Linux kernel's uio_hv_generic driver incorrectly manages interrupt mask bits, causing a race condition that can lead to missed interrupts and system hangs when user-space drivers interact with the ring buffer.

Vulnerability

Analysis

CVE-2025-40048 is a race condition in the Linux kernel's uio_hv_generic driver, which provides a user-space I/O interface for Hyper-V VMBus channels. The driver incorrectly modifies the interrupt mask bits of the inbound ring buffer, interfering with user-space control of interrupt signaling. This can cause the host to stop sending interrupts even when new messages arrive, leading to a hang in user-space daemon waiting for events.

Exploitation

An attacker with local access to a system using the uio_hv_generic driver (e.g., via the hv_fcopy_uio_daemon) can trigger the race condition by delaying the user-space setting of the interrupt mask to 0. If the driver sets the mask to 1, the host will not interrupt the guest on new messages. When user-space later clears the mask and waits via pread(), the host may never-empty ring buffer prevents the host from generating a new interrupt, causing the daemon to hang indefinitely.

Impact

Successful exploitation results in a denial of service (DoS) on the affected system. The user-space driver will miss interrupts, causing it to hang and potentially blocking critical Hyper-V services like file copy (fcopy). No privilege escalation or data corruption is reported, but the hang can disrupt virtual machine operations.

Mitigation

The fix removes the driver's logic that sets the interrupt mask, leaving it entirely under user-space control. Patches have been applied to the Linux kernel stable branches [1][2][3]. Users should update to a kernel containing the commit that removes the problematic mask manipulation.

AI Insight generated on May 19, 2026. Synthesized from this CVE's description and the cited reference URLs; citations are validated against the source bundle.

Affected products

2

Patches

8

Vulnerability mechanics

Generated on May 9, 2026. Inputs: CWE entries + fix-commit diffs from this CVE's patches. Citations validated against bundle.

References

8

News mentions

0

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