Unrated severityNVD Advisory· Published Aug 16, 2025· Updated Nov 3, 2025
bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers
CVE-2025-38528
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers
static const char fmt[] = "%p%"; bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt));
The above BPF program isn't rejected and causes a kernel warning at runtime:
Please remove unsupported %\x00 in format string WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0
This happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %, detected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by not skipping over punctuation. %\x00 is then processed in the next iteration and rejected.
AI Insight
LLM-synthesized narrative grounded in this CVE's description and references.
Affected products
116- osv-coords114 versionspkg:rpm/opensuse/dtb-aarch64&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/dtb-aarch64&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2016.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-64kb&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-64kb&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2016.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-azure&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-debug&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-default-base&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-default-base&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2016.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-default&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-default&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2016.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-docs&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-docs&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2016.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-kvmsmall&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-kvmsmall&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2016.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-obs-build&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-obs-build&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2016.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-obs-qa&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-obs-qa&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2016.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-rt_debug&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-rt&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-rt&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2016.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-source-azure&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-source&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-source&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2016.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-source-rt&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-syms-azure&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-syms&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-syms&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2016.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-syms-rt&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-zfcpdump&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.6pkg:rpm/opensuse/kernel-zfcpdump&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-64kb&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-64kb&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-64kb&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-64kb&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20applications%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-64kb&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.2pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-azure&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-azure&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-coco_debug&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Confidential%20Computing%20Technical%20Preview%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-coco&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Confidential%20Computing%20Technical%20Preview%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default-base&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default-base&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default-base&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default-base&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20applications%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default-base&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default-base&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.1pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default-base&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.2pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20High%20Availability%20Extension%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20High%20Availability%20Extension%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20High%20Availability%20Extension%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Live%20Patching%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Live%20Patching%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Legacy%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Legacy%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20applications%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Workstation%20Extension%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Workstation%20Extension%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.1pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-default&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.2pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-docs&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Development%20Tools%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-docs&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Development%20Tools%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-docs&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-docs&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20applications%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-kvmsmall&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-kvmsmall&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20applications%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-kvmsmall&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-kvmsmall&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.1pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_15&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Live%20Patching%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_15&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Live%20Patching%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_4&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Live%20Patching%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_4&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Live%20Patching%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-obs-build&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Development%20Tools%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-obs-build&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Development%20Tools%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-obs-qa&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-obs-qa&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20applications%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-rt_debug&distro=SUSE%20Real%20Time%20Module%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-rt&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-rt&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.1pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-rt&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.2pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-rt&distro=SUSE%20Real%20Time%20Module%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-rt&distro=SUSE%20Real%20Time%20Module%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source-azure&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source-azure&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source-coco&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Confidential%20Computing%20Technical%20Preview%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Development%20Tools%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Development%20Tools%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20applications%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.1pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.2pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source-rt&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source-rt&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Micro%206.1pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source-rt&distro=SUSE%20Real%20Time%20Module%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-source-rt&distro=SUSE%20Real%20Time%20Module%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-syms-azure&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-syms-azure&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Public%20Cloud%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-syms-coco&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Confidential%20Computing%20Technical%20Preview%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-syms&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Development%20Tools%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-syms&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Development%20Tools%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-syms&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-syms&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20applications%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-syms-rt&distro=SUSE%20Real%20Time%20Module%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-syms-rt&distro=SUSE%20Real%20Time%20Module%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-zfcpdump&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP6pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-zfcpdump&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP7pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-zfcpdump&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2016.0pkg:rpm/suse/kernel-zfcpdump&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20applications%2016.0
< 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1+ 113 more
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1.150600.12.30.2
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1.160000.2.4
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.10.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.10.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.10.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.10.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.20.15.2
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-15061.32.coco15sp6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-15061.32.coco15sp6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1.150600.12.30.2
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1.150700.17.11.2
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1.160000.2.4
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1.160000.2.4
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-34.1.21.11
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-34.1.21.11
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1.160000.2.4
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-34.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-34.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-34.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-34.1
- (no CPE)range: < 1-150600.1.3.1
- (no CPE)range: < 1-150600.13.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 1-150700.1.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 1-150700.15.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.10.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-36.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-36.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.10.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.7.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.20.15.2
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-15061.32.coco15sp6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-34.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-34.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-36.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-36.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.10.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.7.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.20.15.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-15061.32.coco15sp6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.10.52.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.7.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
- (no CPE)range: < 6.12.0-160000.6.1
Patches
Vulnerability mechanics
References
6- git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8mitre
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4mitre
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9mitre
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39mitre
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289mitre
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58mitre
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