Moderate severityNVD Advisory· Published Mar 4, 2025· Updated Nov 3, 2025

Escape Sequence Injection vulnerability in Rack lead to Possible Log Injection

CVE-2025-27111

Description

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. The Rack::Sendfile middleware logs unsanitised header values from the X-Sendfile-Type header. An attacker can exploit this by injecting escape sequences (such as newline characters) into the header, resulting in log injection. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.2.12, 3.0.13, and 3.1.11.

Affected packages

Versions sourced from the GitHub Security Advisory.

Package	Affected versions	Patched versions
rackRubyGems	< 2.2.12	2.2.12
rackRubyGems	>= 3.0, < 3.0.13	3.0.13
rackRubyGems	>= 3.1, < 3.1.11	3.1.11

Affected products

Rack/Rackv5
Range: < 2.2.12

Patches

803aa221e830

Use `#inspect` to prevent log injection.

https://github.com/rack/rackSamuel WilliamsFeb 22, 2025via ghsa

commit

3 files changed · +67 −3

CHANGELOG.md+65 −1 modified

@@ -2,11 +2,17 @@
 
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. For info on how to format all future additions to this file please reference [Keep A Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 
+## [3.0.13] - 2025-03-04
+
+### Security
+
+- [CVE-2025-27111](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6v) Possible Log Injection in `Rack::Sendfile`.
+
 ## [3.0.12] - 2025-02-12
 
 ### Security
 
-- [CVE-2025-25184](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg) Possible Log Injection in Rack::CommonLogger.
+- [CVE-2025-25184](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg) Possible Log Injection in `Rack::CommonLogger`.
 
 ## [3.0.11] - 2024-05-10
 
@@ -184,6 +190,64 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. For info on
 - Fix multipart filename generation for filenames that contain spaces. Encode spaces as "%20" instead of "+" which will be decoded properly by the multipart parser. ([#1736](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/1645), [@muirdm](https://github.com/muirdm))
 - `Rack::Request#scheme` returns `ws` or `wss` when one of the `X-Forwarded-Scheme` / `X-Forwarded-Proto` headers is set to `ws` or `wss`, respectively. ([#1730](https://github.com/rack/rack/issues/1730), [@erwanst](https://github.com/erwanst))
 
+## [2.2.12] - 2025-03-04
+
+### Security
+
+- [CVE-2025-27111](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6v) Possible Log Injection in `Rack::Sendfile`.
+
+## [2.2.11] - 2025-02-12
+
+### Security
+
+- [CVE-2025-25184](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg) Possible Log Injection in `Rack::CommonLogger`.
+
+## [2.2.10] - 2024-10-14
+
+- Fix compatibility issues with Ruby v3.4.0. ([#2248](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2248), [@byroot](https://github.com/byroot))
+
+## [2.2.9] - 2023-03-21
+
+- Return empty when parsing a multi-part POST with only one end delimiter. ([#2104](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2104), [@alpaca-tc])
+
+## [2.2.8] - 2023-07-31
+
+- Regenerate SPEC ([#2102](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2102), [@skipkayhil](https://github.com/skipkayhil))
+- Limit file extension length of multipart tempfiles ([#2015](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2015), [@dentarg](https://github.com/dentarg))
+- Fix "undefined method DelegateClass for Rack::Session::Cookie:Class" ([#2092](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2092), [@onigra](https://github.com/onigra) [@dchandekstark](https://github.com/dchandekstark))
+
+## [2.2.7] - 2023-03-13
+
+- Correct the year number in the changelog ([#2015](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2015), [@kimulab](https://github.com/kimulab))
+- Support underscore in host names for Rack 2.2 (Fixes [#2070](https://github.com/rack/rack/issues/2070)) ([#2015](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2071), [@jeremyevans](https://github.com/jeremyevans))
+
+## [2.2.6.4] - 2023-03-13
+
+- [CVE-2023-27539] Avoid ReDoS in header parsing
+
+## [2.2.6.3] - 2023-03-02
+
+- [CVE-2023-27530] Introduce multipart_total_part_limit to limit total parts
+
+## [2.2.6.2] - 2023-01-17
+
+- [CVE-2022-44570] Fix ReDoS in Rack::Utils.get_byte_ranges
+
+## [2.2.6.1] - 2023-01-17
+
+- [CVE-2022-44571] Fix ReDoS vulnerability in multipart parser
+- [CVE-2022-44572] Forbid control characters in attributes (also ReDoS)
+
+## [2.2.6] - 2023-01-17
+
+- Extend `Rack::MethodOverride` to handle `QueryParser::ParamsTooDeepError` error. ([#2011](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2011), [@byroot](https://github.com/byroot))
+
+## [2.2.5] - 2022-12-27
+
+### Fixed
+
+- `Rack::URLMap` uses non-deprecated form of `Regexp.new`. ([#1998](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/1998), [@weizheheng](https://github.com/weizheheng))
+
 ## [2.2.4] - 2022-06-30
 
 - Better support for lower case headers in `Rack::ETag` middleware. ([#1919](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/1919), [@ioquatix](https://github.com/ioquatix))

lib/rack/sendfile.rb+1 −1 modified

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def call(env)
           end
         when '', nil
         else
-          env[RACK_ERRORS].puts "Unknown x-sendfile variation: '#{type}'.\n"
+          env[RACK_ERRORS].puts "Unknown x-sendfile variation: #{type.inspect}"
         end
       end
       response

test/spec_sendfile.rb+1 −1 modified

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def open_file(path)
       response.headers.wont_include 'x-sendfile'
 
       io.rewind
-      io.read.must_equal "Unknown x-sendfile variation: 'X-Banana'.\n"
+      io.read.must_equal "Unknown x-sendfile variation: \"X-Banana\"\n"
     end
   end

aeac570bb808

Use `#inspect` to prevent log injection.

https://github.com/rack/rackSamuel WilliamsFeb 22, 2025via ghsa

commit

3 files changed · +79 −3

CHANGELOG.md+77 −1 modified

@@ -2,11 +2,17 @@
 
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. For info on how to format all future additions to this file please reference [Keep A Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 
+## [3.1.11] - 2025-03-04
+
+### Security
+
+- [CVE-2025-27111](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6v) Possible Log Injection in `Rack::Sendfile`.
+
 ## [3.1.10] - 2025-02-12
 
 ### Security
 
-- [CVE-2025-25184](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg) Possible Log Injection in Rack::CommonLogger.
+- [CVE-2025-25184](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg) Possible Log Injection in `Rack::CommonLogger`.
 
 ## [3.1.9] - 2025-01-31
 
@@ -117,6 +123,18 @@ Rack v3.1 is primarily a maintenance release that removes features deprecated in
 
 - In `Rack::Files`, ignore the `Range` header if served file is 0 bytes. ([#2159](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2159), [@zarqman])
 
+## [3.0.13] - 2025-03-04
+
+### Security
+
+- [CVE-2025-27111](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6v) Possible Log Injection in `Rack::Sendfile`.
+
+## [3.0.12] - 2025-02-12
+
+### Security
+
+- [CVE-2025-25184](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg) Possible Log Injection in `Rack::CommonLogger`.
+
 ## [3.0.11] - 2024-05-10
 
 - Backport #2062 to 3-0-stable: Do not allow `BodyProxy` to respond to `to_str`, make `to_ary` call close . ([#2062](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2062), [@jeremyevans](https://github.com/jeremyevans))
@@ -293,6 +311,64 @@ Rack v3.1 is primarily a maintenance release that removes features deprecated in
 - Fix multipart filename generation for filenames that contain spaces. Encode spaces as "%20" instead of "+" which will be decoded properly by the multipart parser. ([#1736](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/1645), [@muirdm](https://github.com/muirdm))
 - `Rack::Request#scheme` returns `ws` or `wss` when one of the `X-Forwarded-Scheme` / `X-Forwarded-Proto` headers is set to `ws` or `wss`, respectively. ([#1730](https://github.com/rack/rack/issues/1730), [@erwanst](https://github.com/erwanst))
 
+## [2.2.12] - 2025-03-04
+
+### Security
+
+- [CVE-2025-27111](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6v) Possible Log Injection in `Rack::Sendfile`.
+
+## [2.2.11] - 2025-02-12
+
+### Security
+
+- [CVE-2025-25184](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg) Possible Log Injection in `Rack::CommonLogger`.
+
+## [2.2.10] - 2024-10-14
+
+- Fix compatibility issues with Ruby v3.4.0. ([#2248](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2248), [@byroot](https://github.com/byroot))
+
+## [2.2.9] - 2023-03-21
+
+- Return empty when parsing a multi-part POST with only one end delimiter. ([#2104](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2104), [@alpaca-tc])
+
+## [2.2.8] - 2023-07-31
+
+- Regenerate SPEC ([#2102](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2102), [@skipkayhil](https://github.com/skipkayhil))
+- Limit file extension length of multipart tempfiles ([#2015](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2015), [@dentarg](https://github.com/dentarg))
+- Fix "undefined method DelegateClass for Rack::Session::Cookie:Class" ([#2092](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2092), [@onigra](https://github.com/onigra) [@dchandekstark](https://github.com/dchandekstark))
+
+## [2.2.7] - 2023-03-13
+
+- Correct the year number in the changelog ([#2015](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2015), [@kimulab](https://github.com/kimulab))
+- Support underscore in host names for Rack 2.2 (Fixes [#2070](https://github.com/rack/rack/issues/2070)) ([#2015](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2071), [@jeremyevans](https://github.com/jeremyevans))
+
+## [2.2.6.4] - 2023-03-13
+
+- [CVE-2023-27539] Avoid ReDoS in header parsing
+
+## [2.2.6.3] - 2023-03-02
+
+- [CVE-2023-27530] Introduce multipart_total_part_limit to limit total parts
+
+## [2.2.6.2] - 2023-01-17
+
+- [CVE-2022-44570] Fix ReDoS in Rack::Utils.get_byte_ranges
+
+## [2.2.6.1] - 2023-01-17
+
+- [CVE-2022-44571] Fix ReDoS vulnerability in multipart parser
+- [CVE-2022-44572] Forbid control characters in attributes (also ReDoS)
+
+## [2.2.6] - 2023-01-17
+
+- Extend `Rack::MethodOverride` to handle `QueryParser::ParamsTooDeepError` error. ([#2011](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/2011), [@byroot](https://github.com/byroot))
+
+## [2.2.5] - 2022-12-27
+
+### Fixed
+
+- `Rack::URLMap` uses non-deprecated form of `Regexp.new`. ([#1998](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/1998), [@weizheheng](https://github.com/weizheheng))
+
 ## [2.2.4] - 2022-06-30
 
 - Better support for lower case headers in `Rack::ETag` middleware. ([#1919](https://github.com/rack/rack/pull/1919), [@ioquatix](https://github.com/ioquatix))

lib/rack/sendfile.rb+1 −1 modified

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def call(env)
           end
         when '', nil
         else
-          env[RACK_ERRORS].puts "Unknown x-sendfile variation: '#{type}'.\n"
+          env[RACK_ERRORS].puts "Unknown x-sendfile variation: #{type.inspect}"
         end
       end
       response

test/spec_sendfile.rb+1 −1 modified

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def open_file(path)
       response.headers.wont_include 'x-sendfile'
 
       io.rewind
-      io.read.must_equal "Unknown x-sendfile variation: 'X-Banana'.\n"
+      io.read.must_equal "Unknown x-sendfile variation: \"X-Banana\"\n"
     end
   end

b13bc6bfc750

Use `#inspect` to prevent log injection.

https://github.com/rack/rackSamuel WilliamsFeb 22, 2025via ghsa

commit

3 files changed · +8 −4

CHANGELOG.md+6 −2 modified

@@ -2,13 +2,17 @@
 
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. For info on how to format all future additions to this file please reference [Keep A Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 
-## Unreleased
+## [2.2.12] - 2025-03-04
+
+### Security
+
+- [CVE-2025-27111](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6v) Possible Log Injection in `Rack::Sendfile`.
 
 ## [2.2.11] - 2025-02-12
 
 ### Security
 
-- [CVE-2025-25184](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg) Possible Log Injection in Rack::CommonLogger.
+- [CVE-2025-25184](https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg) Possible Log Injection in `Rack::CommonLogger`.
 
 ## [2.2.10] - 2024-10-14

lib/rack/sendfile.rb+1 −1 modified

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ def call(env)
           end
         when '', nil
         else
-          env[RACK_ERRORS].puts "Unknown x-sendfile variation: '#{type}'.\n"
+          env[RACK_ERRORS].puts "Unknown x-sendfile variation: #{type.inspect}"
         end
       end
       [status, headers, body]

test/spec_sendfile.rb+1 −1 modified

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def open_file(path)
       response.headers.wont_include 'X-Sendfile'
 
       io.rewind
-      io.read.must_equal "Unknown x-sendfile variation: 'X-Banana'.\n"
+      io.read.must_equal "Unknown x-sendfile variation: \"X-Banana\"\n"
     end
   end

Vulnerability mechanics

Generated by null/stub on May 9, 2026. Inputs: CWE entries + fix-commit diffs from this CVE's patches. Citations validated against bundle.

References

github.com/advisories/GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6vghsaADVISORY
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27111ghsaADVISORY
github.com/rack/rack/commit/803aa221e8302719715e224f4476e438f2531a53ghsax_refsource_MISCWEB
github.com/rack/rack/commit/aeac570bb8080ca7b53b7f2e2f67498be7ebd30bghsax_refsource_MISCWEB
github.com/rack/rack/commit/b13bc6bfc7506aca3478dc5ac1c2ec6fc53f82a3ghsax_refsource_MISCWEB
github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6vghsax_refsource_CONFIRMWEB
github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-27111.ymlghsaWEB
lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00016.htmlghsaWEB

News mentions

No linked articles in our index yet.

cvss	0.260
epss	0.001
exploit	0.000
kev	0.000
patch	-0.070
ransomware	0.000