CVE-2018-1000074
Description
RubyGems version Ruby 2.2 series: 2.2.9 and earlier, Ruby 2.3 series: 2.3.6 and earlier, Ruby 2.4 series: 2.4.3 and earlier, Ruby 2.5 series: 2.5.0 and earlier, prior to trunk revision 62422 contains a Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in owner command that can result in code execution. This attack appear to be exploitable via victim must run the gem owner command on a gem with a specially crafted YAML file. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 2.7.6.
AI Insight
LLM-synthesized narrative grounded in this CVE's description and references.
RubyGems gem owner command deserializes untrusted YAML, allowing code execution when a victim runs the command on a crafted gem.
Vulnerability
RubyGems in Ruby versions 2.2.9 and earlier, 2.3.6 and earlier, 2.4.3 and earlier, 2.5.0 and earlier, and prior to trunk revision 62422, contains a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability in the gem owner command. When a user runs this command on a gem that includes a specially crafted YAML file, the YAML is deserialized unsafely, allowing arbitrary code execution.
Exploitation
An attacker must craft a malicious gem with a YAML file that triggers deserialization. The victim must execute gem owner on this gem. No authentication is required beyond access to the gem; the attack is triggered by user interaction (running the command).
Impact
Successful exploitation allows arbitrary code execution in the context of the user running the gem owner command. This can lead to full compromise of the user's system, including data theft, installation of malware, or further network propagation.
Mitigation
The vulnerability is fixed in Ruby version 2.7.6 and trunk revision 62422. Red Hat has released updates via RHSA-2018:3731, RHSA-2018:3730, RHSA-2018:3729, and RHSA-2020:0663 [1][2][3][4]. Users should update to the latest patched versions. No workaround is available.
AI Insight generated on May 22, 2026. Synthesized from this CVE's description and the cited reference URLs; citations are validated against the source bundle.
Affected packages
Versions sourced from the GitHub Security Advisory.
| Package | Affected versions | Patched versions |
|---|---|---|
rubygems-updateRubyGems | < 2.7.6 | 2.7.6 |
org.jruby:jruby-stdlibMaven | < 9.1.16.0 | 9.1.16.0 |
Affected products
29- ghsa-coords29 versionspkg:gem/rubygems-updatepkg:maven/org.jruby/jruby-stdlibpkg:rpm/opensuse/ruby2.5&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/ruby2.5&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.1pkg:rpm/opensuse/ruby-bundled-gems-rpmhelper&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.0pkg:rpm/opensuse/ruby-bundled-gems-rpmhelper&distro=openSUSE%20Leap%2015.1pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=HPE%20Helion%20OpenStack%208pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Enterprise%20Storage%205pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2012%20SP2-BCLpkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2012%20SP2-LTSSpkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2012%20SP3-BCLpkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2012%20SP3-LTSSpkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2012%20SP4pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2012%20SP5pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20Applications%2012%20SP2pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20Applications%2012%20SP3pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20Applications%2012%20SP4pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20Applications%2012%20SP5pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Software%20Development%20Kit%2012%20SP4pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Software%20Development%20Kit%2012%20SP5pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20OpenStack%20Cloud%207pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20OpenStack%20Cloud%208pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.1&distro=SUSE%20OpenStack%20Cloud%20Crowbar%208pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.5&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015pkg:rpm/suse/ruby2.5&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Module%20for%20Basesystem%2015%20SP1pkg:rpm/suse/yast2-ruby-bindings&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2012%20SP2-BCLpkg:rpm/suse/yast2-ruby-bindings&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%2012%20SP2-LTSSpkg:rpm/suse/yast2-ruby-bindings&distro=SUSE%20Linux%20Enterprise%20Server%20for%20SAP%20Applications%2012%20SP2pkg:rpm/suse/yast2-ruby-bindings&distro=SUSE%20OpenStack%20Cloud%207
< 2.7.6+ 28 more
- (no CPE)range: < 2.7.6
- (no CPE)range: < 9.1.16.0
- (no CPE)range: < 2.5.5-lp151.4.3.1
- (no CPE)range: < 2.5.5-lp151.4.3.1
- (no CPE)range: < 0.0.2-lp151.2.1
- (no CPE)range: < 0.0.2-lp151.2.1
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.1.9-19.3.2
- (no CPE)range: < 2.5.5-4.3.1
- (no CPE)range: < 2.5.5-4.3.1
- (no CPE)range: < 3.1.53-9.8.1
- (no CPE)range: < 3.1.53-9.8.1
- (no CPE)range: < 3.1.53-9.8.1
- (no CPE)range: < 3.1.53-9.8.1
Patches
30b06b48ab443Apply backported RubyGems 2.7.6 patch.
7 files changed · +75 −20
lib/ruby/stdlib/rubygems/commands/owner_command.rb+1 −1 modified@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def show_owners name end with_response response do |resp| - owners = YAML.load resp.body + owners = Gem::SafeYAML.load resp.body say "Owners for gem: #{name}" owners.each do |owner|
lib/ruby/stdlib/rubygems/package.rb+33 −4 modified@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ def extract_tar_gz io, destination_dir, pattern = "*" # :nodoc: File.dirname destination end - FileUtils.mkdir_p mkdir, mkdir_options + mkdir_p_safe mkdir, mkdir_options, destination_dir, entry.full_name open destination, 'wb' do |out| out.write entry.read @@ -416,20 +416,35 @@ def install_location filename, destination_dir # :nodoc: raise Gem::Package::PathError.new(filename, destination_dir) if filename.start_with? '/' - destination_dir = File.realpath destination_dir if - File.respond_to? :realpath + destination_dir = realpath destination_dir destination_dir = File.expand_path destination_dir destination = File.join destination_dir, filename destination = File.expand_path destination raise Gem::Package::PathError.new(destination, destination_dir) unless - destination.start_with? destination_dir + destination.start_with? destination_dir + '/' destination.untaint destination end + def mkdir_p_safe mkdir, mkdir_options, destination_dir, file_name + destination_dir = realpath File.expand_path(destination_dir) + parts = mkdir.split(File::SEPARATOR) + parts.reduce do |path, basename| + path = realpath path unless path == "" + path = File.expand_path(path + File::SEPARATOR + basename) + lstat = File.lstat path rescue nil + if !lstat || !lstat.directory? + unless path.start_with? destination_dir and (FileUtils.mkdir path, mkdir_options rescue false) + raise Gem::Package::PathError.new(file_name, destination_dir) + end + end + path + end + end + ## # Loads a Gem::Specification from the TarEntry +entry+ @@ -603,6 +618,10 @@ def verify_files gem raise Gem::Package::FormatError.new \ 'package content (data.tar.gz) is missing', @gem end + + if duplicates = @files.group_by {|f| f }.select {|k,v| v.size > 1 }.map(&:first) and duplicates.any? + raise Gem::Security::Exception, "duplicate files in the package: (#{duplicates.map(&:inspect).join(', ')})" + end end ## @@ -616,6 +635,16 @@ def verify_gz entry # :nodoc: raise Gem::Package::FormatError.new(e.message, entry.full_name) end + if File.respond_to? :realpath + def realpath file + File.realpath file + end + else + def realpath file + file + end + end + end require 'rubygems/package/digest_io'
lib/ruby/stdlib/rubygems/package/tar_header.rb+14 −9 modified@@ -104,25 +104,30 @@ def self.from(stream) fields = header.unpack UNPACK_FORMAT new :name => fields.shift, - :mode => fields.shift.oct, - :uid => fields.shift.oct, - :gid => fields.shift.oct, - :size => fields.shift.oct, - :mtime => fields.shift.oct, - :checksum => fields.shift.oct, + :mode => strict_oct(fields.shift), + :uid => strict_oct(fields.shift), + :gid => strict_oct(fields.shift), + :size => strict_oct(fields.shift), + :mtime => strict_oct(fields.shift), + :checksum => strict_oct(fields.shift), :typeflag => fields.shift, :linkname => fields.shift, :magic => fields.shift, - :version => fields.shift.oct, + :version => strict_oct(fields.shift), :uname => fields.shift, :gname => fields.shift, - :devmajor => fields.shift.oct, - :devminor => fields.shift.oct, + :devmajor => strict_oct(fields.shift), + :devminor => strict_oct(fields.shift), :prefix => fields.shift, :empty => empty end + def self.strict_oct(str) + return str.oct if str =~ /\A[0-7]*\z/ + raise ArgumentError, "#{str.inspect} is not an octal string" + end + ## # Creates a new TarHeader using +vals+
lib/ruby/stdlib/rubygems/package/tar_writer.rb+2 −0 modified@@ -196,6 +196,8 @@ def add_file_signed name, mode, signer digest_name == signer.digest_name end + raise "no #{signer.digest_name} in #{digests.values.compact}" unless signature_digest + if signer.key then signature = signer.sign signature_digest.digest
lib/ruby/stdlib/rubygems.rb+1 −1 modified@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ require 'thread' module Gem - VERSION = "2.6.14" + VERSION = "2.6.14.1" end # Must be first since it unloads the prelude from 1.9.2
lib/ruby/stdlib/rubygems/server.rb+13 −1 modified@@ -631,6 +631,18 @@ def root(req, res) executables = nil if executables.empty? executables.last["is_last"] = true if executables + # Pre-process spec homepage for safety reasons + begin + homepage_uri = URI.parse(spec.homepage) + if [URI::HTTP, URI::HTTPS].member? homepage_uri.class + homepage_uri = spec.homepage + else + homepage_uri = "." + end + rescue URI::InvalidURIError + homepage_uri = "." + end + specs << { "authors" => spec.authors.sort.join(", "), "date" => spec.date.to_s, @@ -640,7 +652,7 @@ def root(req, res) "only_one_executable" => (executables && executables.size == 1), "full_name" => spec.full_name, "has_deps" => !deps.empty?, - "homepage" => spec.homepage, + "homepage" => homepage_uri, "name" => spec.name, "rdoc_installed" => Gem::RDoc.new(spec).rdoc_installed?, "ri_installed" => Gem::RDoc.new(spec).ri_installed?,
lib/ruby/stdlib/rubygems/specification.rb+11 −4 modified@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ require 'rubygems/stub_specification' require 'rubygems/util/list' require 'stringio' +require 'uri' ## # The Specification class contains the information for a Gem. Typically @@ -2810,10 +2811,16 @@ def validate packaging = true raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException, "#{lazy} is not a summary" end - if homepage and not homepage.empty? and - homepage !~ /\A[a-z][a-z\d+.-]*:/i then - raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException, - "\"#{homepage}\" is not a URI" + # Make sure a homepage is valid HTTP/HTTPS URI + if homepage and not homepage.empty? + begin + homepage_uri = URI.parse(homepage) + unless [URI::HTTP, URI::HTTPS].member? homepage_uri.class + raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException, "\"#{homepage}\" is not a valid HTTP URI" + end + rescue URI::InvalidURIError + raise Gem::InvalidSpecificationException, "\"#{homepage}\" is not a valid HTTP URI" + end end # Warnings
5971b486d4dbVersion 2.7.6 with changelog
2 files changed · +20 −1
History.txt+19 −0 modified@@ -1,5 +1,24 @@ # coding: UTF-8 +=== 2.7.6 / 2018-02-16 + +Security fixes: + +* Prevent path traversal when writing to a symlinked basedir outside of the root. + Discovered by nmalkin, fixed by Jonathan Claudius and Samuel Giddins. +* Fix possible Unsafe Object Deserialization Vulnerability in gem owner. + Fixed by Jonathan Claudius. +* Strictly interpret octal fields in tar headers. + Discoved by plover, fixed by Samuel Giddins. +* Raise a security error when there are duplicate files in a package. + Discovered by plover, fixed by Samuel Giddins. +* Enforce URL validation on spec homepage attribute. + Discovered by Yasin Soliman, fixed by Jonathan Claudius. +* Mitigate XSS vulnerability in homepage attribute when displayed via `gem server`. + Discovered by Yasin Soliman, fixed by Jonathan Claudius. +* Prevent Path Traversal issue during gem installation. + Discovered by nmalkin. + === 2.7.4 Bug fixes:
lib/rubygems.rb+1 −1 modified@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ require 'thread' module Gem - VERSION = "2.7.5" + VERSION = "2.7.6" end # Must be first since it unloads the prelude from 1.9.2
254e3d0ee873Fix possible Unsafe Object Deserialization Vulnerability in gem owner
2 files changed · +29 −1
lib/rubygems/commands/owner_command.rb+1 −1 modified@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def show_owners name end with_response response do |resp| - owners = YAML.load resp.body + owners = Gem::SafeYAML.load resp.body say "Owners for gem: #{name}" owners.each do |owner|
test/rubygems/test_gem_commands_owner_command.rb+28 −0 modified@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ require 'rubygems/test_case' require 'rubygems/commands/owner_command' +class Foo +end + class TestGemCommandsOwnerCommand < Gem::TestCase def setup @@ -43,6 +46,31 @@ def test_show_owners assert_match %r{- 4}, @ui.output end + def test_show_owners_dont_load_objects + skip "testing a psych-only API" unless defined?(::Psych::DisallowedClass) + + response = <<EOF +--- +- email: !ruby/object:Foo {} + id: 1 + handle: user1 +- email: user2@example.com +- id: 3 + handle: user3 +- id: 4 +EOF + + @fetcher.data["#{Gem.host}/api/v1/gems/freewill/owners.yaml"] = [response, 200, 'OK'] + + assert_raises Psych::DisallowedClass do + use_ui @ui do + @cmd.show_owners("freewill") + end + end + + end + + def test_show_owners_setting_up_host_through_env_var response = "- email: user1@example.com\n" host = "http://rubygems.example"
Vulnerability mechanics
Generated on May 9, 2026. Inputs: CWE entries + fix-commit diffs from this CVE's patches. Citations validated against bundle.
References
25- lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-07/msg00036.htmlghsavendor-advisoryx_refsource_SUSEWEB
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3729ghsavendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHATWEB
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3730ghsavendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHATWEB
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3731ghsavendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHATWEB
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2028ghsavendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHATWEB
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0542ghsavendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHATWEB
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0591ghsavendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHATWEB
- access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0663ghsavendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHATWEB
- github.com/advisories/GHSA-qj2w-mw2r-pv39ghsaADVISORY
- nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000074ghsaADVISORY
- usn.ubuntu.com/3621-1/mitrevendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU
- usn.ubuntu.com/3621-2/mitrevendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU
- usn.ubuntu.com/3685-1/mitrevendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU
- www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4219ghsavendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIANWEB
- www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4259ghsavendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIANWEB
- blog.rubygems.org/2018/02/15/2.7.6-released.htmlghsax_refsource_MISCWEB
- github.com/jruby/jruby/commit/0b06b48ab4432237ce5fc1bef47f2c6bcf7843f7ghsaWEB
- github.com/rubygems/rubygems/commit/254e3d0ee873c008c0b74e8b8abcbdab4caa0a6dghsax_refsource_MISCWEB
- github.com/rubygems/rubygems/commit/5971b486d4dbb2bad5d3445b3801c456eb0ce183ghsaWEB
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/04/msg00017.htmlghsamailing-listx_refsource_MLISTWEB
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/08/msg00028.htmlghsamailing-listx_refsource_MLISTWEB
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/05/msg00028.htmlghsamailing-listx_refsource_MLISTWEB
- usn.ubuntu.com/3621-1ghsaWEB
- usn.ubuntu.com/3621-2ghsaWEB
- usn.ubuntu.com/3685-1ghsaWEB
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